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UDK- 37.01
CURRENT TIME IN LINGUISTICS SYNONYMY EVENT IN THE CASE GRANDMA
Jalilov Olimjon Odil ugli.
Alfraganus University. Faculty of Philology, Department of Linguistics (English).
Masterant.
tel: 33 399 99 97
Annotation:
This study examines the main problems in the use of the phenomenon of synonymy
in modern linguistics and their significance in the field of linguistics and translation. Synonyms,
that is, words that are close in meaning, when used in a language in a percentage and context-
dependent manner, can often lead to confusion and misunderstanding. The article aims to
determine the role of synonymy in linguistics and consider the problems of its use.
Keywords:
synonymy, language, linguistics, denotative synonyms, contexts, pragmatic,
semantic, syntactic, connotative meanings, analysis, grammatical, morphological elements.
Introduction.
In modern linguistics, the phenomenon of synonymy is the interchange of words
or expressions with one or more meanings in a language, an important linguistic phenomenon for
creating meaningful relationships and ensuring the richness of the language. Today, the
phenomenon of synonymy remains a highly relevant issue in linguistic research, since its many
areas of application and indicators in various contexts are of great importance for linguistic
theory and practical activity.
Therefore, the correct and purposeful use of synonymy is a complex and urgent issue in
linguistics, and research and studies on it help in medicine, literary studies, and everyday
language activities. From this point of view, this study is also relevant today.
Research goals and objectives
:
The main goal of the study is to analyze the main problems in the use of the phenomenon of
synonymy in modern linguistics and to determine their significance in linguistic theory and
practice. Also, one of the goals is to develop scientific concepts about the role of synonymy in
language, its role in information exchange, and its relevance to the context.
Based on the main goal of the research, the following tasks are required to be solved:
1. Analysis of synonymy: The importance of synonymy in linguistics, its role in expanding and
explaining the meanings of words and expressions is studied. Investigating how synonymy is
used in various writings and speech.
2. Identification of problems: Identification of the main problems and difficulties encountered in
the use of synonymy. This includes issues such as differences in meanings between synonyms,
their relevance to the context, and grammatical errors.
3. Impact of synonymy on practice: Analysis of the practical and social significance of the use of
synonymy.
4. Development of methodological methods: Development of scientific and methodological
methods for the analysis of synonymy. This includes identifying differences between synonyms
and proposing appropriate approaches to solving problems of synonymy in the language.
Level of knowledge of the research topic.
Level of knowledge of information related to the
problems of using the phenomenon of synonymy in modern linguistics:
The study of synonymy in modern linguistics has become the main topic of a number of
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scientific studies. The study of the phenomenon of synonymy in linguistics is aimed at analyzing
the semantic and grammatical structures of different languages, which in turn helps to ensure the
accuracy, intelligibility and efficiency of the language.
Information on the use of timely studies, monographs, articles and works published in scientific
journals on synonymy was sought. From the sources, S. Abduazizov, B. Bozorov, K. Mahmudov,
A. Nurmonov, Kh. Jusupov, N. Bushuy, K. Mamatov, P. Tursunov, Sayfullayeva, A. Ashurova,
K. Safarov, M. Rasulova and others.
Scientific methods and methodological approaches for studying synonymy were reviewed. Data
on the use of synonymy in society, literature, and everyday life were also examined. Meanwhile,
research was conducted on the social significance of synonymy, its use in speech and writing,
and the role of people in understanding meanings.
Linguists around the world are trying to study the problems of using synonymy and offer
solutions to them. Y. Kolshansky, V. Morkovkin, A. Charniak, S. Wierzbicka, A. Sakharniy, K.
Abduazizov, M. Ashurova, Y. S. Kubryakova, N. D. Arityunova, and others.
Major linguistic centers and universities are engaged in international research to shed light on the
special role of synonymy in language and its important significance.
In modern linguistics, the level of study of problems and their solutions in the study of
synonymy is high, and great importance is attached to determining the role of synonymy in
various areas of linguistics. At the same time, the problems of using synonymy in each language
and ensuring its accuracy and intelligibility in accordance with the context are analyzed. These
studies are important for maintaining language stability and effectively implementing social
information exchange.
Research methodology.
The methodology of this study is aimed at identifying concepts related
to the phenomenon of synnymia in linguistics and translation problems, and uses lexical-
semantic analysis, contextual analysis, comparative analysis, empirical research, and the
following main research methods and techniques:
These methods in research methodology help to understand the role of synonymy in language
and its correct use depending on the context.
Analysis and results.
The phenomenon of synonymy is one of the most thoroughly studied
issues in linguistics. However, the current development of our linguistics requires the study of
the phenomenon of synonymy not only at the lexical and grammatical levels, but also
grammatically. In particular, the study of this phenomenon in its interrelationship at the language
and speech stages reveals its unique new features. Because the system raises the problem of
studying the problem of lexical synonymy, which is described in detail in lexicology and modern
semasiology and onomosiology linguistics, from a new perspective. Therefore, there is a need to
analyze this phenomenon in its interrelationship and opposition at the language and speech
stages.
At the language stage, the phenomenon of synonymy exists as a specific pattern, creating a
commonality between the meaning of a term and an expression.
It has become a tradition to analyze the characteristics of the phenomenon of synonymy at the
lexical level based on four different approaches. Lexical synonymy is studied on the basis of
semantic similarity, free interchangeability in the paradigm, stylistic similarity, and contextual-
textual connection.
Synonyms, which are distinguished on the basis of logical connection, are determined by the
similarity of meanings associated with the speech situation in the speech process. Therefore, they
can be called synonyms, and in some works they are also called denotative synonyms, and it is
believed that they are somewhat limited to linguistic synonymy.
If we approach the phenomenon of synonymy as a category, it becomes clear that it is a linguistic,
substantive, and pragmatic category. As a linguistic category, synonymy does not have an equal
relationship with pragmatic synonymy. The bases for their formation into a single cell are also
different. Lexical synonymy is defined as a linguistic category and forms a single cell with a
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common name meaning. Pragmatic synonymy is a substantive category and forms a single cell
through the equal occurrence of the meanings of words in a speech situation.
The meanings of words in connection with the speech process are occasional meanings and do
not participate in this meaning in another speech situation. They can even acquire a meaning that
is not similar to the meaning of the word. The occurrence of such a situation is influenced by the
speech process, speech situation, extraspeech tone, gesture, and contractual relationship between
the speaker and the listener. For example: the word balance - lexically, a calm, stable state of
bodies under the influence of equal forces in opposite directions; it expresses relative stability,
tranquility, which occurs due to the equalization, harmony of opposing forces. This word can
form a synonymous nest with the word "relationship" in a certain speech situation.
Sometimes they form synonymy based on interdependence. Therefore, it is currently becoming
relevant to generalize all of them under one common name - pragmatic synonymy, and to reveal
the specific aspects or distinguishing features of the microsystems within it.
Thus, the onomasiological analysis of the phenomenon of synonymy reveals its unique new
aspects.
The synonymy observed in the syntactic structures of the language is realized by the following
means. When to be or its equivalent is used in the sentence, words denoting the adjective and
adjectival state can be used as elements complicating the clause. Such a process of complication
is called adjectival complication.
The fact that the complicating element has an independent relationship between the possessor
and the clause can be indicated by the omission of the verb to be, which occurs when the main
part of the clause is expressed by the structure be + adjective II. For example:
None of the injuries was believed serious= None of the injuries was believed to be serious.
Among adjectives that contain an adjectival complicating element, we can see a number of types
that differ from each other in their structural and semantic properties.
1) Clauses that contain a modal complex that evaluates the probability or reality of the
relationship between the subject and the action.
Adektiv the following adjectives are used as elements here: sure, certain, likely, etc. For example:
Everything is sure to be there. (E. Forster)
Nominalization transformation can be applied to sentences containing this type of complicating
clause.
He was certain to come = His coming was certain.
He was certain to come = It was certain that he would come.
1) Clauses that have a physical, mental, or other similar nature of the subject to which the action
expressed by the infinitive relates, the range of lexical units used as complicating elements here
is much wider than in the previous group. Differences in their semantics and their structural
expression allow this group to be further subdivided.
a) The semantic part of the compounding element expresses the necessity, possibility, and ability
to perform an action. This group includes adjectives such as able, unable, capable, free, welcome,
bound. For example: Then she would be able to enjoy holiday in peace. (I.Murdoch) The
flirtation is bound to end pretty soon. (I.Murdoch)
b) The semantic element of the compounding reveals the mental nature of the subject's attitude to
the action. These include adjectives such as glad, sorry, ashamed, etc. For example: Dr.Kroll will
be happy to show you the hospital itself later. (D.Lessing) She was eager to tell me.
d) Differences in the morphological nature of the compounding element (i.e., adjective or adverb)
determine the possibility of equally strong transformation of the corresponding parts of sentences.
For example: He was happy to come=To come made him happy. He was amazed to see that=To
see that amazed him=It amazed him to see that.
v) In this group of complexifiers, the adjective expresses some objective property of the subject
related to the action understood from the infinitive. The following adjectives are used as
complexifiers: quick, slow, fit, at, ready. Masalan: He was quick to seize on this expected gesture
of friendliness. (H.E.Bates)
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In this case, the boundary between groups (b) and (c) is not always clear and it is not always easy
to find the difference between the meanings, and while the action implied by the infinitive
indicates the position occupied by the subject in relation to the action, in the second sense it
indicates an objective sign of the relationship between the subject and the action.
The element of meaning in the complex is expressed by an adjective that denotes a sign or
property found in the subject as a result of an action that occurs. These assessments are a
subjective characteristic of the speaker, and in nature or in objective existence they may not
always be true. In this case, the meaning being understood may be attached to the subject in the
form of a “label”.
In conclusion, it can be said that the sentence structures included in these different groups,
despite their external similarity, have certain differences in semantic structures, which are clearly
visible in the transformational analysis.
There is a hidden meaning in the constituents of these structures, the possessive and the infinitive:
the former has the meaning of objectivity, while the latter has the meaning of passivity, and this
factor determines the specific characteristics of the transformational changes taking place in the
construction.
In some cases, verbal and qualitative complexification can be used interchangeably or in unison.
The complexification of the indirect complement is formed by the addition of words belonging to
the infinitive, adjective, adjective, case category, or prepositional groups as complements after
verbs of a certain semantics. The relationship of secondary parts is observed between the
complement and its complexification. This feature is the most important feature in determining
the constructions under consideration.
According to A.G. Gulyamov, “There are four main ways of expressing syntactic relations,
namely: expression through word forms, auxiliary words, word order, and intonation.”[2].
A.Sadikov uses the term syntax in two different meanings:
1. In the sense of the syntactic structure of the language;
2. In the sense of a part of grammar that studies the syntactic structure of a language.
Some linguists recognize only the sentence as the subject of syntax.
In their opinion, syntax studies, first of all, the communicative unit of language - the sentence,
the types of sentences, their form and content, the issue of dividing the sentence into parts, and
syntactic means [7].
The object of syntax is, on the one hand, words and word forms, and on the other hand, a unit,
more than a simple and complex sentence; their relationship between simple and complex
sentences is studied in syntax[4].
E.P. Martyanova developed four groups of syntactic relations:
1. Words and phrases are combined in various ways to express the meaning of a sentence.
2. Word order plays a key role in conveying ideas.
3. Independent words cannot be used without auxiliary words (for example, in French).
4. Intonation [5].
The syntactic relationship between words in languages can be divided into equal connection,
subordinate connection, and predicative connection[6].
During the syntactic analysis of sentences, we will certainly encounter syntactic relations. By
syntactic relations, Sh. Ashurov understands the logical relations between sentences. In his
opinion, syntactic connection and syntactic relation should not be understood synonymously, but
rather they should be differentiated to a certain extent, that is, syntactic connection indicates the
grammatical meaning and function of the words in a sentence and the sentences in speech in
relation to each other [8].
"Hozirgi zamon tilshunosligida sinnimiya hodisasini qо‘llashdagi muammolar" mavzusidagi
tadqiqot xulosa va takliflar:
Conclusion:
This study examines the main problems in the use of the phenomenon of synonymy in modern
linguistics. Synonymy, that is, words that are close in meaning to each other, can lead to
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incorrect use of the language and misunderstandings in understanding the language. The study
emphasizes the importance of synonymy in linguistics, the semantic scope of words, and the
importance of studying their meanings, which are understood depending on the context.
The results of the study show that the incorrect use of synonymy in language often limits the
meaning to traditional and conventional views, hindering the correct understanding of
differences and tones between words. This can lead to problems such as the misuse of lexical
resources, the mixing of similar lexical elements with each other, and inconsistency with context.
Offers:
1. Clear understanding of synonyms: Linguistics students need to understand synonyms,
especially the differences between words that are close in meaning, and their use in context. For
this, special methodologies should be developed that explain the meaning of synonyms in
context.
2. Clarity in education and teaching: Develop programs and trainings aimed at teaching language
learners to use synonyms clearly and correctly. This will help them to show differences or
similarities between meanings when studying synonyms.
3. Deepening lexical and semantic research: In order to ensure the correct use of synonyms, it is
necessary to deepen semantic and lexical research in linguistics, that is, to clearly understand the
meaning of each word in context. New research can be conducted for this.
4. Multimedia and interactive teaching methods: Introducing interactive teaching methods to
ensure that syntactics are used clearly and effectively, especially in reading, writing, and
speaking. This approach helps language learners learn syntactics and apply the material learned
in real life.
Through these proposals, it is possible to develop and implement research and practical programs
aimed at the correct and effective use of syntonymy in linguistics and language learning.
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