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ORIGIN OF PHRASAL VERBS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Azatova Nodira Anvarbek kizi
Teacher at the Faculty of Foreign Philology, UrSU
Sultannazarova Mohigul Qudratovna
2nd year student of the Faculty of Foreign Philology, UrSU
Abstract:
This article discusses the origin of idioms, that is, phrases, in the Uzbek and English
languages. The topic is sufficiently explained theoretically and scientifically. In this process, the
views and research of Uzbek and world scientists are cited as an important factor. The basis for
the origin of some phraseological expressions is indicated. Examples on the topic also play an
important role in fully disclosing the content of the article.
Key words:
origin, phraseological unit, figurative meaning, equivalent, term, stereotype
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillarida idiomalar, ya’ni iboralarning kelib
chiqishi haqida so‘z boradi. Mavzu nazariy va ilmiy jihatdan yetarli darajada tushuntirilgan. Bu
jarayonda o‘zbek va jahon olimlarining qarashlari, tadqiqotlari muhim omil sifatida tilga
olinmoqda. Ayrim frazeologik iboralarning kelib chiqish asosi ko'rsatilgan. Mavzuga oid
misollar ham maqola mazmunini to‘liq ochib berishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.
Kalit so’zlar:
kelib chiqish, frazeologik birlik, ko’chma ma’no, ekvivalent, termin, stereotip
Аннотация:
В данной статье рассматривается происхождение идиом, то есть выражений,
в узбекском и английском языках. Тема достаточно изложена теоретически и научно. В
этом процессе в качестве важного фактора приводятся взгляды и исследования узбекских
и зарубежных ученых. Указана основа происхождения некоторых фразеологических
выражений. Примеры по теме также играют важную роль в полном раскрытии
содержания статьи.
Ключевые слова:
происхождение, фразеологическая единица, переносное значение,
эквивалент, термин, стереотип
Idioms are phraseological units, that is, expressions. They are stable language units consisting of
two or more components, denoting a single phraseological meaning. Idioms are often used in
artistic style to make a text or a story or novel more attractive and beautiful, and in colloquial
style to increase the impact of speech on the listener. In both cases, speech becomes richer in
content and more impactful to the listener, which is similar to citing a word with proof. Idioms
are units belonging to a particular language and cannot be translated exactly, that is, directly into
another language. Idioms usually have a portable meaning, so understanding all idioms in their
own meaning can lead to misunderstanding of speech. As noted above, in fiction and colloquial
speech, idioms are used as a colorful tool to create images of irony, sarcasm, or exaggeration.
If we turn to the thoughts and research of world scientists in this field, among Western linguists,
Sh. Balli was one of the first to use the term phraseology in 1905 [1]. He interpreted
phraseologisms as units of expression of the language. Also, in 1928, Ye.D. Polivonov, using
this term in his scientific works, said the following sentences: “I found it necessary to use the
term “phraseology” for a special science that relates to lexis in the same way that syntax relates
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to morphology. Indeed, since the 1950s, phraseology has been in the focus of attention of world
linguistics. As a result of a number of scientific studies on it, its object was determined, and this
science formed its place among other branches of linguistics.
In particular, many of our poets and writers, who are considered Uzbek scientists and
writers in this field, such as Gafur Ghulom, Maqsud Shaykhzoda and Erkin Vohidov, and many
of our writers, conducted research in the process of translating rare works considered to be the
products of world writers. Also, one of our Uzbek researchers, Obidjon Parpiyev, in his articles,
highlighted the methods of preserving the originality, primarily semantic, lexical, and
morphological, when translating idioms [2]. At the same time, another Uzbek researcher,
Shahnoza Egamova, in her articles, speaks about the role and importance of phraseology in the
field of modern linguistics and considers phraseologisms as a stereotype that reflects the unique
way of thinking of this people in each language [3].
These stable combinations, or idioms, that exist in the language reflect the way of life of
this people, which is why people often refer to them in many situations. Each expression is
formed based on the lifestyle or experiences and experiences of people. That is, expressions are
formed in connection with the culture of people. For example, you can use the expression “as
correct as a scythe” in the Uzbek language when someone is saying something wrong or giving
you information. A scythe is a tool for agricultural work and is crooked. That is, this expression
also arose in the process of labor. Or if we touch on the expression “to see red”, this expression
means “to become angry”. We know that in Western and European countries there is a game in
the form of a bull and a human fight, in which the bull gets angry when the participant shows the
red cloth to the bull. We would not be wrong if we say that this idiom or expression also
originated at this time. We use such idioms a lot in our daily lives, but sometimes we don't know
how they came about. This process is one of the most interesting among language enthusiasts.
Studying the history and origin of these expressions used in our everyday conversation allows a
person to gain new information.
The origins of idioms are often linked to historical, cultural, or social events, and studying
them can help language learners not only understand the language better, but also the culture and
history of the speakers of that language. For example, the expression “to spill the beans” is used
to mean to reveal a secret and its origins date back to ancient Greece, where beans were used to
cast votes and spilling the beans would reveal the votes. Some idioms also come from religious
sources. For example, many English idioms are taken from the Bible, have been absorbed into
the language over the centuries, and are used in everyday speech. This, in turn, enriches the
cultural heritage of the language[4]. Below is a discussion of the meaning and history of origin
of some expressions:
1.
“The walls also have ears”
- When people are talking about secrets or confidential
words, they often add the phrase "even walls have ears" to the conversation, to emphasize that
someone might be listening them. If we turn to the history of the origin of the expression, in
history, during the khanate period, there were secret passages between the walls of the khan's
palace guestrooms. When guests or ambassadors came to the khan's palace, their conversations
were listened to through these walls.
2.
“Donkey-killing sun”
- This is how people describe the sun that shines brightly in the
spring months, without any heat. According to popular belief, a man left his donkey outside in
the spring, hoping the sun would come out, but the donkey died from the cold.
3.
“Let the cat out of the bag”
– In the Middle Ages, when selling piglets, sometimes
buyers were deceived by putting a cat in the bag instead of a pig. If the cat came out of the bag,
the deception was exposed. Nowadays, this expression is used to mean revealing a secret.
4.
"Under the weather"
- This expression means to feel unwell, to be ill. Its origin is
associated with sailors feeling unwell when the weather is bad.
5.
“Break the ice”
– This expression originated from the practice of breaking ice to
facilitate the movement of ships on frozen water. Today, this expression refers to overcoming the
awkwardness of starting a new acquaintance or conversation.
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6.
“Bite the bullet”
– In the past, when painkillers were not available in medicine, patients
were advised to bite the bullet during surgery to endure the pain. Nowadays, this expression
means accepting and enduring a difficult or unpleasant situation.
Idioms in English and Uzbek languages are reflections of the richness and cultural heritage of
the language. Learning their origins not only makes language learning more interesting, but also
enriches cultural and historical knowledge. Language learners are advised to also study their
origins when studying idioms, as this will help them better understand their meaning. Such
idioms are countless, and over time, as the era and time progresses, new idioms appropriate and
specific to that era and time continue to emerge, while some become obsolete and disappear,
which requires constant research from the researcher and learner.
References
Charles Bally “Expressive resources of a whole language” 1905
Obidjon Parpiyev. Innovation Science and Research. International Scientific Journal
Volume Issue. 2023
Shahnoza Egamova. India International Scientific Conference. The theory of recent
scientific research in the field of pedagogy. 2023
Zafarova Nilufar Zafar qizi. Technische Universitat Munchen. 2023
Mohigul Sultannazarova Qudratovna. Miasto Przyszlosci. “Comparative study of
Uzbek and English idioms”. 2024
