https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 4, 2025
464
SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL OPTION OF PRESSURES FOR CARRIAGES OF
TRUCKS IN RAILWAY TRAINS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF JSC “UZBEKISTAN
RAILWAYS”
Sattarkulov Lazizbek Abror ugli
1
st
year Master’s student
Tashkent State Transport University
Abdisaidov Nodirbek Akmal ugli
2
nd
year Bachelor’s student
Tashkent State Transport University
ABSTRACT:
This article examines the selection of optimal springs for freight wagon bogies
operating under the conditions of AJ “Uzbekistan Railways”. The technical characteristics of
primary load-bearing, secondary (auxiliary), lateral stabilizing, and damping springs used in
wagon bogies are analyzed, along with their impact on freight transportation efficiency. Through
a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various spring types,
recommendations are provided for choosing the most suitable option for Uzbekistan’s conditions.
The research results aim to improve wagon stability, extend service life, and optimize
operational costs.
Keywords:
railway, freight wagons, bogie, spring, load capacity, stability, damping springs,
elasticity, amortization, operation.
АННОТАЦИЯ:
В данной статье рассматривается вопрос выбора оптимальных пружин
для тележек грузовых вагонов, эксплуатируемых в условиях АО “Узбекистон темир
йуллари”. Анализируются технические характеристики основных несущих, вторичных
(дополнительных), боковых стабилизирующих и демпферных пружин, используемых в
вагонных тележках, а также их влияние на эффективность грузоперевозок. Путём
сравнительного анализа преимуществ и недостатков различных типов пружин
предложены рекомендации по выбору наиболее подходящего варианта для условий
Узбекистана. Результаты исследования направлены на повышение стабильности,
продление срока службы вагонов и оптимизацию эксплуатационных затрат.
Ключевые слова:
железная
дорога,
грузовые
вагоны, тележка, пружина,
грузоподъемность, стабильность, демпферные пружины, эластичность, амортизация,
эксплуатация.
ANNOTATSIYA:
Mazkur maqolada “Oʻzbekiston temir yoʻllari” AJ sharoitida temir yo‘l
harakat tarkibidagi yuk vagonlari aravachalari uchun optimal prujinalarni tanlash masalasi ko‘rib
chiqiladi. Vagon aravachalarida qo‘llanilayotgan asosiy yuk ko‘taruvchi, ikkinchi darajali
(qo‘shimcha), yon barqarorlashtiruvchi va dempfer prujinalarining texnik xususiyatlari, ularning
yuk tashish samaradorligiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, turli prujina turlarining afzallik va
kamchiliklari solishtirilib, O‘zbekiston sharoitida eng maqbul variantni aniqlash bo‘yicha
tavsiyalar beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari yuk vagonlarining barqarorligi, xizmat muddati va
ekspluatatsion xarajatlarini optimallashtirishga qaratilgan.
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Kalit so‘zlari:
temir yo‘l, yuk vagonlari, aravacha, prujina, yuk ko‘tarish qobiliyati, barqarorlik,
dempfer prujinalari, elastiklik, amortizatsiya, ekspluatatsiya.
Rail transport is an integral part of the freight transportation system, the efficiency of which
directly depends on the technical condition of the rolling stock. In particular, the trolley parts of
freight cars and the springs installed on them play an important role in the cargo transportation
process. Springs perform the functions of reducing rolling stock vibrations, optimizing load
distribution, and ensuring the overall stability of wagons.
Currently, various springs are used in freight cars of AJ “Uzbekistan Railways”. However, the
problem of choosing the optimal option remains relevant. Various climatic and operational
conditions, the degree of load on the rolling stock, and the service life directly affect the
durability and efficiency of springs. Therefore, the choice of the most optimal type of spring for
freight car bogies is a technically and economically important issue.
This article analyzes the technical characteristics of the main load-bearing, secondary
(additional), side stabilizing, and damper springs used in freight car bogies. Also, various types
of springs are compared with each other, and recommendations are given to determine the most
optimal option in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The results of this study will serve to increase the
stability of freight cars, reduce operating costs, and increase the efficiency of railway transport
[1].
Various springs are used in railway cars, each of which serves to accommodate various loads
during the movement of the car, reduce vibrations, balance the distribution of load, and ensure
traffic safety. Below are the main load-bearing springs, secondary (additional) springs, side
stabilizing springs, and damper springs used in railway cars (Table 1).
Table 1
Springs of types:
№ Spring type
Function
Features
1 Main
load-
bearing springs
Receiving vertical loads falling on
the wagon, mitigating impacts,
ensuring stability.
- Made of high-carbon or alloy steel;
- Has a cylindrical helical structure;
- Located in the main suspension
system of the trolley.
2 Secondary
springs
Balancing the load on the main
springs,
reducing
additional
vibrations.
- Made of steel, elastomer, or
composite materials;
- Has a multi-tiered or screw
structure;
The main load is located on the
supporting springs or on the sides.
3
Lateral
stabilizing
springs
Maintaining stability during turns
and side vibrations of the wagon,
reducing side displacements.
- High-quality alloys are made of
steel or composite materials;
- in the form of a screw or plate
reinforced with elastic elements;
- It will be located on the side of the
cart.
4 Damping
springs
Reduce shocks and impacts,
absorb high-frequency vibrations.
- Made from elastomeric or special
composite materials;
- In the form of special shock
absorbers or springs with elastic
coatings;
The main suspension is located in the
lateral and vertical directions of the
system.
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Cylindrical and helical springs are mainly used in the wagons of AJ “Uzbekistan Railways” [2].
They are made of steel and have high load-bearing capacity, durability, and long service life.
These springs effectively absorb loads and impacts, ensuring the smooth movement of the
wagons. In the conditions of the railways of Uzbekistan, cylindrical springs for cargo car bogies
are the most optimal option. There are a number of important reasons for this:
- High load capacity, i.e., cylindrical springs can withstand large loads, which ensures the stable
transportation of heavy loads by freight cars;
- Stress resistance, i.e., these springs have the ability to serve for a long time and retain their
elasticity well in the processes of tension and compression;
- Effective absorption of vibrations and impacts, i.e., effective reduction of vibrations arising in
uneven sections of the track or at rail junction points during train movement;
- ease of maintenance, i.e., cylindrical springs are simpler than other springs with a more
complex design, they are easy to replace and repair;
- Adaptability to climatic conditions, that is, in the changing climatic conditions of Uzbekistan
(cold in winter, hot in summer), cylindrical springs show good results and maintain a high level
of material strength [3].
Other types of springs have the following drawbacks:
1. Conical springs: due to an unfavorable load distribution, they cannot produce uniform forces.
Although significantly elastic at the initial compression moment, it can harden with increasing
load, becoming excessively rigid. Due to the complexity of production, the price is relatively
high.
2. Lamel (plate) springs: consisting of a set of metal plates that are very susceptible to wear.
Compared to cylindrical springs, they are heavier and more difficult to maintain. Over time,
friction between the plates may occur, causing noise and requiring lubrication.
3. Rubber or elastomeric springs: very sensitive to temperature changes, can harden in winter and
become excessively soft in summer. Low efficiency in heavy-duty transport systems, such as
freight cars. Due to its susceptibility to deformation, frequent replacement is required.
4. Hydropneumatic springs: require additional technological systems for operation (hydraulic or
pneumatic systems). The price is high, and maintenance is complex. When overloaded, its
efficiency decreases due to a drop in fluid or gas pressure.
For AJ “Uzbekistan Railways”, cylindrical springs are the most technically optimal option. Their
strength, ability to reduce vibrations, service life, and operational convenience are higher
compared to other springs. Conical, lamellar, elastomeric, and hydropneumatic springs are not
suitable for freight cars due to their technical and economic inefficiency.
In conclusion, the issue of selecting springs for cargo car bogies under the conditions of AJ
“Uzbekistan Railways” is inextricably linked with the efficiency, safety, and economic
efficiency of the transport system. The research results show that by analyzing the technical and
operational characteristics of various types of springs, cylindrical springs can be selected as the
most optimal option.
Cylindrical springs have high load-bearing capacity, allowing for increased stability of freight
cars, effective vibration absorption, and reduced operating costs. Their simple design facilitates
maintenance processes and provides the possibility of long-term use.
Other types of springs, namely conical, lamellar (plate), elastomeric, and hydropneumatic
springs, have their own drawbacks and are not considered the optimal option due to such factors
as operational complexity, uneven load distribution, rapid wear, and sensitivity to climatic
conditions.
Thus, the widespread introduction of cylindrical springs in freight car bogies not only increases
the safety of wagons, but also extends their service life and serves to increase operational
efficiency. The results of this study can be useful in the development of important practical
recommendations for the modernization and optimization of the railway transportation system.
REFERENCES:
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volume 4, issue 4, 2025
467
1. Decision PQ-4884 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 24, 2020
"On modernization of railway transport and improvement of the cargo transportation system";
2. Official reports and regulatory documents of JSC "Uzbekistan Railways";
3. V. A. Safronov, V. V. Chebotarev. "Railway wagons: construction and operation". Moscow:
Transport, 2018;
4. G. P. Guzenkov. "Pruzhinnye sistemy izleznodorozhnykh vagonov". St. Petersburg: Nauka,
2019;
5. K. Dhanasekaran. "Railway Vehicle Dynamics and Suspension Systems". Springer, 2021;
6. EN 13913:2003 "Railway applications - Braking - Requirements for spring applied parking
brake systems";
7. R. Iwnicki. "Handbook of Railway Vehicle Dynamics". CRC Press, 2006.
8. S. Bogdanov, A. Kuznetsov. "Optimization of Freight Wagon Suspension for Harsh Climate
Conditions". Journal of Rail Transport Engineering, 2020;
9. Official website of "Uzbekistan Railways" JSC: www.railway.uz.
