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METHODS OF EXPRESSING EXPRESSIVENESS
Tukhtayeva Dilafruz Ashurovna
Teacher of the Department of Uzbek Linguistics and Journalism, BukhSU
Email: dilafruztukhtayeva1988@gmail.com
Abstract:
The first impression of a person is often shaped through expressiveness. It is the key
element in understanding the emotional state of the interlocutor and in identifying emotional
communicati
. Communicative emotion (linguistic) has a conceptual character, unlike non-
communicative emotion (biological). Emotion expressed through words is perceived differently
by people, as it is felt through situational, social, and other sensory factors. In such situations, a
single emotion can be represented through several different lexical-semantic expressions, while
emotional concepts are considered meaningful components of language and sound units. During
communication, the speaker uses only understandable words and available linguistic tools.
Relying on personal emotions and concepts, the speaker constructs syntagmatic sequences from
language material to influence the listener’s mind and enriches them with the desired
intensifying tone.
Keywords:
expressiveness, intensity, category, emotionality, expressive means, evaluation,
function, connotative meaning, denotative meaning.
EKSPRESSIVLIK IFODALASHNING USULLARI
To‘xtayeva Dilafruz Ashurovna
BuxDU O‘zbek tilshunosligi va jurnalistika kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi
Elektron pochta: dilafruztukhtayeva1988@gmail.com
Annotatsiya:
Inson haqida birinchi taasurot ekspressiv taasurot orqali namoyon bo‘ladi.
“Suhbatdoshning emotsional holatini tushunish va emotsional kommunikatsiyani aniqlashning
asosiy elementidir”. Kommunikativ hissiyot (lingvistik) kommunikativ bo‘lmagan hissiyotdan
(biologik) farqli ravishda tushunchaviy xarakterga ega. Inson so‘z bilan ifodalangan hissiyotni
boshqacha qabul qiladi, yaʼni ularni situativ, ijtimoiy va boshqa his qilish a’zolari orqali tuyadi,
bunday holatlarda bitta hissiyot bir necha xil leksik-semantik ifodalovchilar orqali namoyon
bo‘lishi mumkin, emotsional tushuncha bo‘lsa til va tovush birligining maʼnoli komponenti
hisoblanadi. Muloqot jarayonida so‘zlovchi suhbatdoshiga faqat tushunarli so‘zlarni va tilda
mavjud vositalarni qo‘llaydi. O‘zining hissiyotlari va tushunchasiga tayanib, suhbatdoshining
ongiga taʼsir qilish uchun til materiallaridan sintagmatik qatorlar yasaydi va ularni o‘z
xohishiga qarab kerakli kuchaytiruvchi ohang bilan boyitadi.
1
Комиссаров В. Н., Я. И. Рецкер, В. И. Тархов. Пособие по переводу с английского языка на русский. - М,
2004. - 311 с.
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Kalit so‘zlar:
ekspressivlik, intensivlik, kategoriya, emotsionallik, ekspressiv vositalar, baho,
funksiya, konotativ ma’no, denotative ma’no.
СПОСОБЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ЭКСПРЕССИВНОСТИ
Тухтаева Дилафруз Ашуровна
Узбекская лингвистика и журналистика
преподаватель кафедры БухДУ
Электронная почта: dilafruztukhtayeva1988@gmail.com
Аннотация:
Первое впечатление о человеке выражается посредством экспрессивных
впечатлений. «Это ключевой элемент в определении эмоционального состояния
собеседника и эмоциональной связи». Коммуникативная эмоция (лингвистическая)
характеризуется иным отношением, чем некоммуникативная эмоция (биологическая).
Человек по-разному интерпретирует эмоции, выраженные словами, то есть воспринимает
их через ситуативные, социальные и другие органы чувств. Такое единое чувство может
быть выражено посредством нескольких лексико-семантических выражений, при этом
эмоциональный компонент является содержательным компонентом единства языка и
звука. Во время общения говорящий использует только те слова, которые понятны
собеседнику и соответствуют возможностям языка. Опираясь на собственные чувства и
эмоции, он выстраивает синтагматические строки из языкового материала, чтобы
воздействовать на сознание собеседника, обогащая их усиливающим тоном по
собственной корректировке.
Ключевые слова:
экспрессивность, интенсивность, категория, эмоциональность,
средства выразительности, оценка, функция, коннотативное значение, денотативное
значение.
Main Body.
The concept of intensity in texts related to expressiveness is frequently found in
many studies (I.V. Arnold 1975, V.N. Teliya 1996, and others). Some researchers attempt to
show that, although not synonymous, these two concepts—expressiveness and intensity—share
an inclusive internal relationship. According to V.N. Teliya, “Expressiveness signifies the
intensification of emotion through emotional processes”
. I.V. Arnold states, “Expressiveness
is a property of the text or a part of the text that reveals meaning through strong intensity”
. The
semantic aspect of expressiveness refers to the connotations layered over the main meaning of a
linguistic unit, which create vividness and expressiveness in speech.
I.I. Turanskiy interprets intensity as the quantitative measure of expressiveness and
explains: “Every object in nature is characterized by dimensions, and expressiveness in speech
is the qualitative aspect, while intensity is the quantitative feature of that quality”
. Other
researchers (K.M. Suvorina, Y.I. Sheygal, Y.V. Belskaya) examine the cause-and-effect
relationship between intensity and expressiveness. Y.I. Sheygal notes that intensity is one of the
many tools that increase the persuasive power of linguistic units
. Y.V. Belskaya argues that
low degrees of intensity do not provoke expressiveness, while high degrees of intensity trigger
emotional responses in the speaker
.
2
Телия В.Н. Коннотативный аспект семантики номинативных единиц. –М: Наука.1986. –с144.
3
Арнолд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. –М: Просвещение. 1990. – С.209-211.
4
Туранский И.И. Семантическая категория интенсивности в английском языке. – М.:1990. - 172 с.
5
Шейгал Е.И. Интенсивность как компонент семантики слова в современном английском языке: Автореф.
дисс. … канд. филол. наук: 10.02.04 / Моск. гос. пед. ин-тиностр. яз.им. Мориса Тореза. – М., 1981. – 26 с.
6
Бельская Е.В. К вопросу о месте категории интенсивности в ряду лексико-семантических категорий (на
материале говора с. Вершинино) // Мова і культура. – К.:Видавничий Дім Дмитра Бураго, 2004. – Вип. 7. – Т.
6. С – 318 (С. 314-321).
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Intensity appears not only as a measure of expressiveness (mainly associated with the
introduction of various intensifiers into the text) but also as a component of it. If a particular
feature is intensified in a sentence, the entire sentence may become expressive.
Thus, the functional aspects of the categories of intensity and expressiveness partially
overlap. Their primary function is to enhance the influence on the recipient (though in some
cases, intensity also serves to express a low degree of a feature).
However, one important distinction must be noted: the increased persuasive power in
intensity is connected with denotative meaning, while in expressiveness, it brings out
connotative meaning. The essential difference between intensity and expressiveness lies in their
content aspect.
Expressiveness (in linguistics) is a set of semantic-stylistic features of a language unit; it
enables a unit to express the speaker’s subjective attitude (positive or negative) towards the
content of the speech or the person addressed. Expressiveness is characteristic of units at all
levels of language.
According to Adham Abdullayev, expressive potential is achieved through phonetic,
morphological, lexical-phraseological, and syntactic methods. He particularly emphasizes the
broad expressive capabilities of syntax compared to other language levels. In syntax,
expressiveness is achieved through altered word order, interrogative and imperative sentence
forms, exclamatory sentences, one-member sentences, ironic use of negation and affirmation,
comparative constructions, and special stylistic forms.
There are also some manifestations of expression of expressiveness in the phonetic way,
and in addition to strengthening, weakening, it can also represent meanings such as caresses,
binges, the scientist notes: Bu ma’nolar tovush o‘zgarishi (
ko‘jim-qo‘zim
), tovush o‘zgarishi va
unlini cho‘zish (
serrayye-yeb turmoq
), tovush orttirish (
Barnosh, Shahlosh
– kishining nomi) va
so‘zni bo‘g‘inlarga ajratib, har bir bo‘g‘inni kuchli talaffuz qilish (
ayt-may-man!
) kabi usullar
bilan yuzaga keltiriladi
.
A.Abdullayev notes that morphological methods of expression of expressiveness-emotionality
arise through the means of special word forms, again through the special application (in a
portable sense) of a form in which a certain grammatical meaning is expressed. Masalan,
-cha, -
choq, -chak, -loq
qo‘shimchalari maxsus ekspressivlik ifodalovchi vosita bo‘lib; suyish,
erkalash, yoqtirish, shuningdek, mensimaslik, tahqirlash, kesatish kabi ma’nolarni ifodalashini
aytadi:
O‘zingizni go‘llikka solmang, otincha. Do‘ndiqcha-yu, do‘ndiqcha, xizmzt qilay
o‘lguncha
(Hamza).
Senga nima, yetimcha
(So‘zlashuv)
As lexical-phraseological tools, the scientist lists phenomena below: polysemantism,
trope, stylistically bounded lexicon, synonymy, and phraseology. At the moment, the scientist
says that these language tools are productive tools in generating expressiveness, as well as a
meaning of polysemantism (to‘g‘ri, nominativ ma’nolar) bilan neytral, yana bir ma’nosi (figural
– ko‘chma ma’nosi) bilan ham ekspressiv-emotsional fikr ifodalash uchun xizmat qilishi
(
Do‘stlik oftobining so‘nmas quyoshi
(O‘zbekiston adabiyoti va san’ati))ni aytib o‘tadi.
In addition, the scientist proves that synonymy is the basis of Stylistics, that synonymous
units occupy an important place in the creation of expressiveness through the following
examples:
yuz, bet, aft, bashara, chehra, oraz
sinonimik qatoridan
aft, bashara, chehra, oraz
so‘zlari ekspressiv-stilistik bo‘yoqlidir.
A.Abdullayev notes that even with phraseologisms using phonetic or grammatical means,
there will be an opportunity to express the phenomenon of gradation, especially to what extent
expressiveness is necessary:
sochi tikka bo‘lmoq – sochlari tikka bo‘lmoq – sochi tippa-tik
7
Abdullayev A.O‘zbek tilida ekspressivlik ifodalashning sintaktik usuli. – T. 1987. – B.3
8
Abdullayev A.O‘zbek tilida ekspressivlik ifodalashning sintaktik usuli. – T. 1987. – B.4
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bo‘lmoq – sochi tikka bo‘lib ketmoq – sochlari tippa-tik bo‘lmoq – sochlari tippa-tik bo‘lib
ketmoq
.
In terms of expression point of expression, the scientist emphasizes that the possibilities of
syntax are much greater than in other areas
. Sintaktik sathda ekspressivlik:
odatdagi soʻz
tartibini oʻzgartirish
,
so‘roq, buyruq gaplarning ayrim ko‘rinishlari, undov gaplar, bir bosh
bo‘lakli gaplar, inkor va tasdiq shakllarining aks ma’noda qo‘llanilishi, gapning qiyoslash
asosida qurilishi
va
maxsus stilistik shakllar
orqali yuzaga keladi
.
Abdullayev also mentions analytic repetition as another method of expressing
expressiveness. This includes structures such as repetition using genitive-construction (e.g.,
beauty of beauties), ablative case (e.g.,from few to few), question-answer forms (e.g., is it really
a carpet?), or possessive participles (e.g., bloomed so bloomed). However, in phrases like 'from
few to few, rather than a qualitative change, we observe a quantitative shift, which results in
intensity.
Furthermore, various paralinguistic (non-verbal) means such as pitch, tone, speech rate,
facial expressions, and gestures are also employed to enhance expressiveness and intensity in
speech alongside linguistic expressive tools.
In conclusion, the increase of persuasive power in expressiveness gives rise to connotative
meaning, and in many cases, intensity serves as the foundation for such connotation. The
semantic aspect of expressiveness refers to the connotations layered over the main meaning of a
linguistic unit, which create the vividness and expressiveness of speech.
Reference:
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Sci. (Philology): 10.02.04 / Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Languages named after
Maurice Thorez. - M., 1981. - 26 p. 7. Belskaya E.V. On the Place of the Category of Intensity
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318 (P. 314-321).
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Abdullayev A.O‘zbek tilida ekspressivlik ifodalashning sintaktik usuli. – T. 1987. – B.4
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Abdullayev A.O‘zbek tilida ekspressivlik ifodalashning sintaktik usuli. – T. 1987. – B.5
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Abdullayev A.O‘zbek tilida ekspressivlik ifodalashning sintaktik usuli. – T. 1987. – B.6
