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GEODETIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE
DEFORMATION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Bazarbayeva J.S.,
Abdikerimova N.E.
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
juldizxanbazarbaeva6@gmail.com
Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
nargizaaabdikerimova@gmail.com
Annotation:
Geodetic and cartographic methods play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and
safety of buildings and structures. This study analyzes modern geodetic technologies used for
detecting and monitoring structural deformations. The significance of automated geodetic
monitoring systems, sensors, and data analysis algorithms is examined. Additionally, the use of
satellite observations, drone imagery, and digital cartography for monitoring and analyzing
structures is explored. This research highlights the importance of geodetic and cartographic
advancements in ensuring the long-term stability and safety of buildings.
Keywords:
Geodesy, cartography, deformation monitoring, structural stability, digital
cartography, satellite observation, drone imaging, automated geodetic systems.
Ensuring the long-term stability of buildings and structures is one of the most important
scientific and practical issues today. During the construction process, engineering and geodetic
surveys play a crucial role by enabling the early detection of potential structural deformations.
With the advancement of geodetic and cartographic methods, modern monitoring systems have
emerged, expanding the possibilities for automated analysis and assessment.
At present, the use of satellite observations, drone technologies, laser scanning, and digital
cartography remains one of the most effective methods for monitoring structural deformations.
These technologies enable real-time tracking of deformation processes in buildings, facilitate
data analysis, and allow for the early prediction of potentially hazardous changes.
In this context, the present study is dedicated to examining modern geodetic and cartographic
methods used for detecting deformations in buildings and structures. The research analyzes key
aspects of deformation monitoring, modern technologies, and the effectiveness of their
application.
1. Scientific Foundations for Detecting Structural Deformations
The deformation of buildings and structures directly affects their load-bearing capacity and long-
term operational efficiency. The main factors causing deformation include:
Geological processes (such as the rise of groundwater levels and changes in soil density);
Seismic impacts and tectonic shifts;
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Changes in the physical and mechanical properties of construction materials;
Environmental factors (including temperature fluctuations, humidity, and wind pressure).
Geodetic surveys enable the measurement of deformation parameters in structures, which is
essential for ensuring their safety.
2. Modern Geodetic and Cartographic Methods
The following modern technologies are widely used in the monitoring of structural deformations
(Figure 1).
Figure 1.
Modern monitoring systems for detecting structural deformations.
Satellite Monitoring.
Satellite imagery enables the detection of ground movement and deformation dynamics of
buildings and structures. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology is one of
the most effective methods in this field, capable of capturing changes at the millimeter scale.
LiDAR Technology and Laser Scanning
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology allows for precise and rapid monitoring of
deformation processes in structures. Using laser beams, three-dimensional models are created,
and changes are observed in real time.
Aerial Photogrammetry Using Drones
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Drone technologies serve as an important tool for monitoring structural deformations by
providing high-resolution images of buildings and structures. This method is more cost-effective
and faster compared to satellite imagery, especially useful in areas with complex terrain.
Automated Geodetic Systems
Automated monitoring systems are being implemented to track deformations of multi-story
buildings in real time. These systems consist of continuously operating geodetic stations, motion
sensors, and data processing software, enabling ongoing observation of deformation processes in
structures.
3. Monitoring of Structural Deformations in the Context of Uzbekistan
Several projects aimed at monitoring the deformations of buildings and structures are being
implemented in Uzbekistan. In particular, monitoring activities using modern geodetic and
cartographic technologies are carried out in major cities such as Tashkent and Samarkand.
To ensure construction safety, the technical condition and deformation processes of structures
are monitored through the country’s cadastral system.
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Land Cadastre” and other regulatory documents
require systematic geodetic monitoring of buildings and structures.
CONCLUSION
Modern geodetic methods play a crucial role in detecting and monitoring deformations of
buildings and structures. The study has shown that satellite monitoring, LiDAR technology,
drone imagery, and automated monitoring systems provide accurate, systematic, and reliable data
in real time. These approaches enable early detection of any tilting, subsidence, or deformation
processes in structures.
Moreover, geodetic monitoring systems are essential for forecasting hazardous changes,
assessing the technical condition of construction objects, and ensuring their long-term stability.
In the context of Uzbekistan, the practical implementation of these technologies can enhance
safety and reliability in large infrastructure projects.
The results of the research indicate that geodetic approaches form the fundamental basis for
modern structural monitoring and contribute significantly to their effective operation.
REFERENCES
1. Rahimov U.A., Tuhtaev Sh.X. Geodetic monitoring for deformation detection. ONLINE-
CONFERENCES, 2021. – p. 2
(Rakhimov U.A., Tuhtaev Sh.Kh. Geodetic monitoring for deformation detection)
2. Rahimov U.A., Khamdamov M.S. State cadastre geoportal systems and integration. Innovative
Society, 2023. – p. 2
(Rakhimov U.A., Khamdamov M.S. State cadastre geoportal systems and their integration)
3. Abdullaev D.M., Karimov N.A. Development of Uzbekistan’s land cadastre system.
Uzbekistan Journal of Geodesy and Cadastre, 2023. – p. 1
(Abdullaev D.M., Karimov N.A. Development of the land cadastre system of Uzbekistan)
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4. Mirzaev B.J. Integrated geodesy and cadastre monitoring systems. Technological Innovations,
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