https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 4, 2025
977
THE IMPACT OF THE APPLICATION OF WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION
METHODS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF COTTON
Allamurat Xojasov
Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology,
Department of Farming and Agricultural
Crop Selection and Seed Production, Associate Professor (Ph.D.)
Abstract:
This article discusses the impact of water-saving irrigation methods on the growth,
development and yield of cotton, their application in irrigation systems and the role of these
technologies in the effective management of water resources in agriculture. The article highlights
the introduction of irrigation systems into agriculture, as well as the study of the influence of
important factors on plant irrigation, the usefulness of these technologies in optimizing the
irrigation schedule based on meteorological data, soil conditions, plant needs and other important
indicators.
Keywords:
irrigation systems, agriculture, cotton, water resources management, irrigation
optimization, technologies, soil monitoring, drainage, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, flood
irrigation, central circulation irrigation.
In the system of agrotechnologies of cotton care, feeding with mineral fertilizers at the
appropriate time and rates and properly organizing irrigation leads to a lag in cotton growth and
development, and ultimately a decrease in cotton yield. Studying the impact of different methods
of irrigation of cotton on the growth and development of the plant and cotton yield is of great
scientific and practical importance. In conditions of shortage of irrigation water, rational use of
existing water sources and introduction of technologies that improve the quality of crop
irrigation are becoming a requirement of the time.
In the conditions of Tashkent region, where the groundwater table is deep, the mechanical
composition is heavy loam, and typical gray soils, the growth and development of cotton, the
accumulation of crop elements, and the weight of cotton crop are studied by irrigating cotton
through a simple furrow and between rows with black polyethylene film and winter wheat straw
in layers along the furrow. The studies were conducted in the cotton fields of the Akqovok
experimental plot of the PSUEAITI during 2012-2014. The experimental system is presented in
Table 1. In the field experiment, each plot area was 240 m2, arranged in three rotations, in one
layer. The cotton variety "Navruz" was planted in the experiment. Irrigation was carried out with
a soil moisture content of 70-70-60% relative to the ChDNS. In the research, all observations,
measurements and analyses were carried out on the basis of the methodological manual
“Methodology of field experiments with cotton in irrigation conditions” adopted by PSUEAITI
(Former UzPITI), agrotechnical measures were carried out in the manner adopted on the farm. In
the experiment, in order to study the effect of different irrigation methods, namely, black
polyethylene film and winter wheat straw mulching at different distances between rows and
irrigation efficiency on the growth and development of cotton, phenological observations were
carried out on 50 plants in each variant and replicate at the beginning of June, July, August and
September.
As can be seen from the results of the data obtained during the years of experimentation, during
the observations conducted in June, there was almost no difference between the experimental
variants in terms of plant height and number of leaflets, and the average plant height was 10.2-
https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 4, 2025
978
15.1 cm, and the number of leaflets was 4.3-5.4.
By August, in the control variant 1, which was irrigated through a regular trench and in the
variant 2, which was irrigated alternately with the regular trench, the average plant height was
77.8-82.1 cm, the yield was 12.5-14.4 grains per stalk, 4.7-7.0 grains per node, and 6.4-8.2 grains
per cob. In the variants 3-4, which were irrigated alternately with the regular trench and in the
variants 3-4, which were irrigated alternately with the row-to-row and alternately with the row-
to-row, the plant height was 82.5-89.2 cm, the yield was 14.0-15.8 grains per stalk, 5.3-7.5 grains
per node, and 7.5-8.5 grains per cob. The first two-thirds of the field was covered with black
polyethylene film and the last third was covered with winter wheat straw. In variants 5-6, which
were irrigated with winter wheat straw inter-row and alternately alternating rows, this indicator
was 85.7-97.2; cm; 13.8-15.7 grains; 6.4-8.7 grains and 7.9-9.2 grains, respectively.
Cotton yield was calculated for each harvest according to the experimental variants, the data
obtained are presented in Table 3. According to the results obtained, in the 1st variant, which
was irrigated with inter-row irrigation through a simple furrow and the 2nd control variant,
which was irrigated with alternating rows from a simple furrow, the average annual yield was
27.1-29.8; 29.3-31.2; 30.6-30.9 centners, in variants 3-4, where the upper two-thirds of the plot
was covered with ordinary straw and the last third with winter wheat straw, inter-row
Cotton yield index in the experimental field, c/ha (Shamsiev A.S.2015).
№
2012 year
2013 year
2014 year
Cotton
yield, c/ga
Additional
cotton
harvest, c/ga
Cotton yield,
c/ga
Additional
cotton
harvest,,
c/ga
Cotton yield,
c/ga
Additional
cotton
harvest, c/ga
1
27,1
-
29,3
-
30,6
-
2
29,8
-
31,2
-
30,9
-
3
31,6
4,5
32,1
2,8
33,3
2,7
4
32,1
2,3
33,1
1,9
34,2
3,3
5
34,3
7,2
34,9
5,6
37,9
7,3
6
36,6
6,8
35,5
4,3
39,0
8,1
Compared to the control variant 1, which was irrigated with a regular furrow and alternating
rows, the third variant, which was irrigated with a regular furrow in the beginning two-thirds of
the field and winter wheat straw in the last third of the field, yielded an average of 4.5; 2.8; 2.7
centners per hectare, and the fifth variant, which was irrigated with a black polyethylene film in
the upper two-thirds of the field and winter wheat straw in the last third, yielded an average of
7.2; 5.6; 7.3 centners per hectare.
The fourth variant, which was irrigated with a regular furrow and alternating rows in the last
third of the field, yielded an average of 2.3; 1.9; 3.3 centners and the option 6, which was
irrigated alternately with black polyethylene film in the upper two-thirds of the field and winter
wheat straw in the lower one-third, achieved an average additional cotton yield of 6.8; 4.3; 8.1
centners per hectare.
In general, by mulching the rows between the rows with black polyethylene film and winter
wheat straw in layers along the field, when the method of inter-row and alternate row irrigation
was used during the growing season, a favorable agrobiological environment was created for the
growth and development of the plant due to uniform soil moisture, prevention of washing out of
the fertile topsoil layer, and reduction of unnecessary evaporation of moisture. Also, mulching
the cotton rows with black polyethylene film and winter wheat straw improved the water,
nutrient, heat, and air regimes in the soil layer where the plant's root system was distributed, and
increased the activity of microorganisms.
https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 4, 2025
979
References
1. Artukmetov Z., Sheraliev X. Fundamentals of crop irrigation. T. 2007
2. Norkulov U., Sheraliev X. Agricultural reclamation. T. 2003
3. S.Azimboev, B.Tokhtashev, T. Qarabayeva, E.Berdiboev. Practical and experimental
exercises in agricultural reclamation and land management. Tashkent 2012.
Additional literature
1. I.A.Karimov "Agricultural development is a source of poverty", T. 1994.
2. I.A.Karimov "Agricultural development is a source of abundant life" 1998 T. .
3. Lev V.T., Gramatovich M.K. "Drainage on saline lands of Uzbekistan" Mekhnat, 1987.
