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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BOUNDARIES OF THE PHENOMENON
"SPEECH ETIQUETTE" IN ENGLISH AND UZBEKISTAN TEXTS
Guzal Kabulova
Teacher of Termez State and
Pedagogical University
ABSTRACT:
The article analyzes the definition of the concept of "speech etiquette" and its
boundaries in English and Uzbek. This problem is solved by analyzing the thesaurus field of the
concept and identifying the features and styles that define the boundaries of the phenomenon of
speech etiquette in English and Uzbek.
Keywords
: Speech etiquette; concept; boundaries of the phenomenon of speech etiquette;
English speech etiquette; Uzbek speech etiquette; levels; style; norms; rules of communication.
ANNOTATSIYA:
Maqolada «nutq etiketi» tushunchasini aniqlash va uning chegaralari ingliz
va o’zbek tillarida tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu muammoni tushunchaning tezaurus maydonini tahlil
qilish va ingliz va o’zbek tillaridagi nutq etiketi hodisasining chegaralarini belgilovchi
xususiyatlar va uslublarni aniqlash orqali hal qilishga harakat qilgan.
Kalit so’zlar:
Nutq etiketi; tushuncha; nutq etiketi hodisasining chegaralari; ingliz nutq etiketi;
o’zbek nutq etiketi; darajalar; uslub; normalar; muloqot qoidalari.
INTRODUCTION.
The process of communication, that is, the interaction between subjects,
determines the importance of many important factors, one of which is the cultural level of speech.
The lexicographic representation of the cultural level of speech expressions is usually determined
by polite, deeply respectful and expressive (in terms of understanding and expressing gratitude to
the participant in communication) attitudes. It is this factor that is highlighted in the
lexicographic structure of the language as a specific aspect of the phenomenon of speech
etiquette (Balaqay, 2002; Ilyina, 2016; Levshin, 2016; Mordovina, 2010; Formanovskaya, 1990:
413- 414).
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
. In this study, the definition of the concept of "speech
etiquette" is presented on the basis of content analysis and structural-temporal analysis, and its
main semantic components are identified. The article identifies the features of English speech
etiquette, indicates the levels and boundaries of the phenomenon of English speech etiquette, and
gives examples. The importance of address and behavior is described, at the same time, based on
the specific rules, norms, traditions and socio-cultural connections of the language. The scientific
significance of this problem determined the purpose of the study: To analyze the definition of the
concept of speech etiquette and determine the boundaries of the phenomenon of speech etiquette
in English and Uzbek. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to study the definitions
of the concept of "speech etiquette" through content analysis; to determine the content of the
concept of "speech etiquette" using structural-temporal analysis; to determine the features of
speech etiquette in English and Uzbek; to determine the boundaries of the phenomenon of speech
etiquette in English and Uzbek.
Presentation of the main material and full justification of the research results. Undoubtedly, the
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functions of the communicative language are determined by its main task, namely, the
transmission of information, the exchange of information, and similar processes. However, along
with the above functions, there are other functions that are of particular importance, for example:
emotive function (formation of emotionally significant relationships), volitional function (appeal
to the choice of the communicator's will), appellative function (calling for communication or
urging), connotative function (establishing communication) and other functions. These functions
constitute the functional-semantic and thesaurus field of the concept of "speech etiquette"
(Batalov, 2016; Galiberdova, 2019; Mordovina, 2010; Mustafaeva, 2019; Putilina, Relishskiy,
2019).
Analysis of the concept of "speech etiquette" in scientific literature The essence of the concept of
speech etiquette, that is, its role in establishing communication, was studied by the English
ethnographer B. Malinovsky, who defined it as a "phatic" concept of communication, which is
based on the creation of an emotional signal to initiate the communication process. (Malinowski,
2012; Gluckman, 1949; Richards, 2007). The analysis of the components of language and speech
implies the need to study the concept of "speech etiquette" as important components in its
etymological and lexicographic essence and to carry out its content and structural-temporal
analysis. The definitions of the concept of "speech etiquette", on the one hand, are multifaceted
and they reflect the specific functions of phatic communication (Malinowski, 2012; Mordovina,
2010), includes knowledge of categories and typology of speech acts (Mustafaeva, 2019), forms
of address in the context of intercultural communication and different cultures (Mustafaeva,
2019; Sokolova, 2003, 2005; Jengo, Kuanyshbekova, 2017), as well as characteristics of essence
extrapolated to special concepts of various scientific fields, for example, psychology, linguistics,
philology, cultural studies, ethics, philosophy (Malinowski, 2012; Gluckman, 1949; Richards,
2007; Levshin, 2016; Formanovskaya, Shevtsova, 1990).
On the other hand, among the definitions of the concept of "speech etiquette", several main
meanings can be distinguished: general (or related to a broader understanding of this concept)
meanings, in which speech etiquette is defined as a system of rules and norms of communication,
and more narrowly targeted definitions, which focus on specific schemes of speech specificity,
that is, on strict communication and communication in establishing (phatic, emotive, appellative,
and other) connections and interactions, which implies taking into account the deep meaning of
communication, the conditions appropriate to the situation. (Galiberdova, 2019; Mustafaeva,
2019; Post, 1996; Formanovskaya, 1990; Brown, Levinson, 1987; Dictionnaire raisonne de la
politesse et du savoir-vivre du Moyen Age a nos jours, 1995).
Analysis of the results of the structural-temporal analysis of “speech etiquette” According to the
results of the content analysis, the following main semantic components are distinguished in the
spectrum of definitions of the concept of “speech etiquette”: a) a system of rules; b) speech
behavior; c) norms of language use; d) communication formulas; d) functional-semantic
microscheme of a language unit (Galiberdova, 2019; Sokolova, 1991, 2003, 2005). Thus, based
on the results of content analysis and structural-temporal analysis, the most complete definition
of the concept of “speech etiquette” can be formulated as follows: Speech etiquette (within any
language and culture, including English) is a system of rules and norms of language use,
presented as a functional-semantic set of language units, which determine the use of speech
constructions and speech schemes, language units that establish speech behavior in special
conditions and situations, establish social, national-ethnic, cultural requirements for successful
communication and speech behavior. Comparison of the boundaries of the phenomenon of
speech etiquette in English and Uzbek Speech etiquette, within the framework of a language
phenomenon (in this case, in English and Uzbek), is subject to a number of rules, these rules
determine the boundaries of this phenomenon. However, each language has its own rules, which
lead to the formation of a culturally unique speech etiquette specific to the language. For
example, when talking about the concept of musicality of the Uzbek language, the melody of the
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word is associated with the production of language in accordance with each situation: five main
tones have long defined the characteristics of situations within the framework of speech etiquette.
Strength, excitement, oath, intentionality and solemn promises are characteristic of the tone used
in conjunction with speech etiquette associated with solemn moments in society. (Dubovskaya,
2003, 2008).
Clarity, softness, and a tone free from solemnity are characteristic of religious appeals associated
with an open "mood", and in English this aspect of speech etiquette is found only in the form of
"thou", which today exists only in addressing God. Thus, when comparing aspects of speech
etiquette in different languages, it is necessary to take into account not only generally accepted
level aspects, but also boundary phenomena that constitute the phenomenon of cultural
uniqueness and independence of each language. It should be noted that the manifestation of the
boundaries of speech etiquette within the framework of a broad phenomenon requires the joint
consideration of the following main levels: Lexical and phraseological level (lexical structure of
the language, the richness of verbal means, often bypassing new language phenomena): for
example, in English, "I forgot" (Men unutdim) va "It’s sleeping in my memory" (Xotiramda
uxlab yotgan) When comparing two expressions such as "forgot", one can see different levels of
respect for a close interlocutor. In the first case, the expression "forgot" indicates a formal
attitude and, perhaps, sometimes negligence (if the communication is within the framework of
close social contacts). In the second case, the interlocutor says "I remember it, but it may take
some time", which alleviates the "mistake" and makes it seem less serious. In the third case, for
example, if a student who is not prepared for a philosophy exam utters this expression with an
additional lexical-grammatical structure: It’s sleeping in my memory. I knew this in the world of
ideas on Plato! (Men buni Platonning ǵoyalar dunyosida bilgan edim), he will definitely avoid
getting an unsatisfactory grade.
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