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THE EFFECT OF MOWING PERIODS BASED ON GRAIN MOISTURE ON SEED
QUALITY
G.N. Ishankulova
QarDTU associate professor
tel: +99897-519-90-83
Abstract:
The article presents the results of a study on the quality of seed grain based on the
determination of the germination capacity of winter cereal crops grown in different regions and
harvested at different times in laboratory conditions.
Key words:
seed, germination, quality, wax ripening, full ripening.
Of the seed dry the output is this of seeds known one dry exit under the circumstances known
time between normal seedling harvest to do ability [1]. It is a percentage with measured ( raised
of seeds planted of seeds general to the thigh ratio as ). Seed germination is usually determined
in two ways: laboratory germination is determined in laboratory conditions and is indicated in
the seed passport; field germination is determined directly by the number of shoots in the field,
which in almost all cases is lower than in the laboratory. The determination of exactly 100% of
seedlings simplifies the method. If 5-10% of the seeds do not germinate beforehand, it is
considered mathematically accurate [2].
A.G. Matveeva noted that winter wheat seeds collected at the beginning of wax ripening have
85% germination after crushing within the first 3 days, and 93% during full ripening. Therefore,
in order to obtain high-quality seeds of the new crop, they should be collected at the stage of full
ripening. After harvesting, the seeds should be carefully sorted before drying [3]. Drying for 5-7
hours, depending on the humidity, is advisable. N.V. Sashnina noted that the field germination of
spring wheat seeds depends on the time of harvest and the mass of 1000 seeds. In wheat varieties
of Amur selection, the most complete seeds with a mass of 1000 grains of 28.8 - 29.0 g were
obtained 22-34 days after fertilization. The factor determining field germination in the studied
varieties under successful germination conditions is the mass of 1000 seeds, and due to the high
mass of 1000 seeds, the maximum field germination of seeds reaches 68.7 - 71.2% [4].
In our research, the quality of seed grain was determined based on the determination of the
fertility of autumn grain crops grown in different regions and harvested at different times in
laboratory conditions. It is known that the post-harvest physiological maturation period of the
grains of autumn grain crops was also different. Therefore, research work was carried out on the
germination of varieties in laboratory conditions and after passing the physiological period full
of germination energy.
The conducted analyzes show that harvesting with regard to grain moisture has an effect on the
germination of winter soft wheat varieties in laboratory conditions. In the 1st harvest of the
studied varieties (grain moisture content 20-22%), the fertility of the Yaksart variety was 80% in
the sub-mountain areas, 76% in the sub-desert area, and 70% in the desert area. In the
Krasnodarskaya-99 variety, the harvest in the 1st term was 82% in the mountain region, and in
the desert region, the fertility decreased to 70% . Therefore, it can be noted that the incomplete
ripening of the varieties leads to the incomplete formation of the grain husk, and the grain does
not germinate if it has not passed the physiological period.
According to the results of the research, in the first period of harvesting with 20-22% grain
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moisture, the germination rate of Yaksart variety was 80%, Krasnodarskaya-99 variety was 82%,
Selyanka variety was 85%, Gozgon variety was 84%, and Turkestan variety was 79%. In the pre-
desert areas, this indicator is relatively lower, and Yaksart variety had 76% results in the 1st
period (grain moisture content 14-16%), Krasnodarskaya-99 variety 74%, Selyanka variety 81%,
Gogon variety 82%, Turkestan variety 74%.
In the foothills, the first harvest period showed a germination rate of 68-78% for varieties, and
the germination rate of wheat harvested at 20-22% moisture content was below the baseline.
Such a germination rate leads to a decrease in the seed grade, which in turn leads to a decrease in
economic efficiency indicators and profitability levels.
In the course of our research, when the grain moisture content of the studied varieties was
determined from the harvest in the 2nd period with a grain moisture content of 14-16%, when
determining the germination capacity of the grain, it was determined that the germination
capacity was 97-99% in the sub-mountain areas, 98-99% in the sub-desert areas, and 97-99% in
the desert areas (Table 1).
Table 1
Effect of harvest time and cultivation area on grain fertility
Harvest dates based on grain
moisture
Name of the species
Accuracy, %
Desert area Steppe
region
Foothills
Harvesting in the 1st term,
grain moisture 20-22%
Jaxart
80
76
70
Krasnodar skaya -99
82
74
68
Peasant
85
81
70
Gozgan
84
82
78
Turkestan
79
74
70
Harvesting in the 2nd period ,
grain moisture 14-16%
Jaxart
98
98
98
Krasnodar skaya -99
98
98
97
Peasant
97
98
97
Gozgan
98
99
99
Turkestan
99
98
99
Harvesting in the 3rd period ,
grain moisture 10-12%
Jaxart
96
95
95
Krasnodar skaya -99
95
95
93
Peasant
95
94
93
Gozgan
96
95
94
Turkestan
96
96
94
Harvesting in the 4th period ,
grain moisture 8-9%
Jaxart
89
87
87
Krasnodar skaya -99
89
87
87
Peasant
91
88
88
Gozgan
91
89
90
Turkestan
91
89
88
The highest germination rate in all three regions, harvesting at an optimal moisture content of 14-
16%, eliminates the occurrence of negative phenomena such as a decrease in seed quality
indicators. The germination rate, taken from the 3rd harvest with a grain moisture content of 10-
12%, was about 90-95% in all three soil-climatic regions, which led to a 4-5% seed loss
compared to the second harvest. It was found that the germination rate of the studied varieties at
the 4th harvest (8-9% moisture) was 89-91% in the foothills, or 8-9% less than in the second
harvest, in the foothills, or 10% less than in the second harvest, and in the desert, 87-90%, or 9-
10% less than in the second harvest.
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In conclusion, it can be said that timely harvesting of the crop at an optimal time of grain
moisture content of 14-16% is closely related to grain germination. In all three regions, the
highest germination is achieved, and harvesting grain at an optimal moisture content of 14-16%
eliminates the occurrence of negative phenomena such as a decrease in seed quality indicators.
To ensure high seed germination, it is recommended to harvest at an optimal time - when the
variety is fully ripe.
List of used literature:
1.
Azimova, M. E., & Jananov, B. X. (2020). Vliyanie srokov i norm poseva na kachestvo
zerna ozimyx myagkix sortov pshenitsy. Academy, (12), 26-28.
2.
Norkulovna, IG The Influence of Early Duration and Climate on the Mass of 1000 Grains.
European Journal of Agricultural and Rural Education, 4(12), 1-3.
3.
Ishmukhamedova, R. Ch., Ubaydullaeva, D. I., & Irnazarova, N. I. (2011). Vliyanie
udobreniy na kachestvo zerna pshenitsy. Agrokhimichesky vestnik, (1), 40.
4.
Norkulovna, IG Changes in the Nature of the Grain Under the Influence of the Harvesting
Period Based on Soilclimatic Conditions and Moisture Content of the Grain. European Journal of
Agricultural and Rural Education, 4(1), 6-7.
