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967
COMPOSITION OF HEMATITE IRON ORE RAW MATERIAL AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS METALLURGICAL PROCESSING
Kamalova Iroda Mamasaid kizi
Master Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University
Abstract:
One of the promising ways to develop the metallurgical industry is to introduce new
types of ores, in particular hematite ores. In order to choose the most rational methods for using
this type of raw material, it is necessary to analyze the existing theoretical and practical
achievements in the field of iron ore agglomeration and determine the tasks of further work.
Keywords:
Hematite, porosity, recovery capacity agglomerate. In modern conditions, the
possibilities of increasing the efficiency of metallurgical processing of iron ores are associated
with improving the quality of the fractionated raw materials, which leads to a reduction in the
consumption of material and energy resources in blast furnace production technologies. The use
of any reserves in this direction is complicated by the unsatisfactory state of the ore base of a
number of enterprises, the depletion of existing deposits and the increase in the transport costs of
transporting raw materials from the places of extraction and, as a result, the increase in the
transport component of the cost of metal products. The modern stage of metallurgy development
is characterized by the large-scale development of poor ore deposits, the enrichment of which
results in the formation of finely dispersed concentrates. Currently, the preparation of such
concentrates for smelting in a blast furnace is carried out by fractionation with the formation of
agglomerates or rounded masses. The initial components for obtaining agglomerates are ores and
concentrates, the properties of which largely depend on the quality of the fractionated raw
materials. By the type of main iron constituent, ores are divided into hematite, magnetite-
hematite, siderite, as well as ores whose minerals consist mainly of iron hydroxides. The
majority of world reserves (up to 78%) and production (66...69%) of iron ores are hematite and
magnetite materials obtained as a result of processing rich ores formed in iron-bearing quartzites
and their weathering crusts. The main iron-containing compound of hematite ores is anhydrous
iron oxide Fe2O3. Hematite raw materials used by metallurgical enterprises are characterized by
a high iron content - 60...68% (85...97% Fe2O3), as well as a low mass fraction of sulfur and
phosphorus. This indicates their high metallurgical value. Properties such as porosity, recovery
ability, grain size composition have practically lost their significance for metallurgists, since the
vast majority of ores are crushed and subjected to the process of enlargement. The strength of
granules and the rate of formation of their structure depend on the surface properties of ore
particles and the granulometric composition of the initial raw materials. In this case, the nature of
the ore material (hematite or magnetite) affects the specific properties of the granulation process
precisely through the relative surface area of the charge components. The higher the value
of this indicator, the faster the formation of charge particles and the better their load resistance.
The main difference between natural hematite ores and magnetite concentrates is that they
contain colloidal particles that form a gel when interacting with water, which contribute to an
increase in the strength of interparticle bonds in the sinter charge grains. The specific features of
hematite ores and their metallurgical processing are as follows: 1. High iron content (up to
60...68%) mainly in the form of Fe2O3, while the loose rock consists of silicon and alumina
components with insignificant amounts of phosphorus and sulfur. 2. Depending on the surface
structure of the ore grains and the origin of the hematite materials, their sanding ability varies
significantly, which is determined by the size of their specific surface area and the presence of
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volume 4, issue 5, 2025
968
colloidal particles. 3. Cooking agglomerate from hematite raw materials is carried out with
magnetite ores andis characterized by an increase in heat consumption compared to the
processing of concentrates. This is due to the absence of an internal heat source from the
oxidation of magnetite to FeO in hematite materials, as well as a higher melting temperature
(80...100°C) compared to magnetite ores. The above-described properties of hematite ores reveal
the uniqueness of this type of raw material only qualitatively, but do not take into account the
specific characteristics of individual deposits. The transition to a quantitative description of the
physicochemical processes of aglospeck formation from hematite ores can be carried out by
analyzing the properties of specific mine raw materials and studying their sanding ability.
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