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volume 4, issue 5, 2025
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THE METHODOLOGY OF ONLINE TEACHING IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Isroilova Odina
Isroilova4747@gmail.com
+998 94 835 33 63
Annotation:
This scientific work studies the theoretical and practical aspects of the methodology
of online teaching in primary education. The research analyzes the suitability of online education
for the age characteristics of primary school students, the advantages in the educational process,
and the existing problems. Empirical analyses conducted based on surveys, observations, and
experiments revealed that online lessons designed using interactive, multimedia, and game-based
elements are highly effective. The work provides methodological recommendations for teachers,
effective cooperation methods with parents, and ways of organizing lessons with the help of
digital tools. Also, normative documents on the development of digital pedagogy in the
education system of Uzbekistan were analyzed, and practical proposals were presented.
Keywords:
primary education, online teaching, methodology, digital education, distance
learning, interactive lessons, game-based methods, parent collaboration, platform, visual
materials.
I.
INTRODUCTION
In the 21st century, the deep reforms occurring in the field of education, the rapid development
of information and communication technologies, and the penetration of digital transformation
into every sphere of our lives require modern approaches in the school education system as well.
Especially after the pandemic of 2020, online education developed rapidly and is now becoming
a hybrid model alongside traditional teaching methods. This situation especially demands the
development and implementation of new methodological approaches for the primary education
system.
The primary education stage is a crucial period for forming basic knowledge, skills, and
competencies in students. Therefore, the methodology of online teaching applied at this stage
must be organized based on pedagogical psychology, age characteristics, technological
capabilities, and national educational traditions. Special attention has also been given to this
issue in the decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on "Measures for the
development of digital education."
(Source: [Decree No. PQ–4851 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 6,
2020]).
Online education is not only a system introduced out of necessity but also an alternative form
that allows improving the quality of teaching, expanding the use of educational resources, and
strengthening individualized approaches. However, organizing this method effectively for
primary school students requires specific methodological strategies. In this regard, Uzbek
scholars — K.T. To‘xtasinova, M.N. Jo‘rayev, R.A. Rasulov, and others — have expressed
views on the advantages of digital educational tools and their appropriateness for children's age
in their studies.
In this scientific work, the theoretical foundations, practical aspects, effectiveness criteria of the
methodology of online teaching in primary education, and new forms of interactive
communication between teacher and student are analyzed. In addition, existing problems and
their solutions are studied, and methodological recommendations are developed for teaching in
primary grades through digital platforms (Zoom, Google Classroom, Kundalik, EduPage, etc.).
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II.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
In recent years, a number of legal and regulatory documents have been adopted in the Republic
of Uzbekistan aimed at digitalizing the education system and organizing the pedagogical process
based on innovative technologies. In particular, the Presidential Decree No. PQ–4851 dated
October 6, 2020, on “Measures for the Development of Digital Education” emphasized the need
for a gradual implementation of digital platforms, online lessons, and distance learning
mechanisms [¹].
Based on this decree, the Ministry of Public Education introduced several online platforms (for
example, EduMarket, Kundalik, EduPage). The theoretical foundations of online teaching
methodology are significantly enriched by the works of Uzbek pedagogical scholars. In
particular, the methodological manuals prepared by K.T. To‘xtasinova and M.N. Jo‘rayev
regarding the use of ICT tools in education thoroughly describe the advantages, approaches, and
age-specific aspects of distance learning [²]. According to them, in order to increase the
effectiveness of online education for primary school students, playful, visual, and engaging tasks
play an important role. Also, works by R. Rasulov, G. Abdurahmonova, and other authors on
teaching methodology contribute to the justification of interactive forms of instruction. In their
research, they provide methodological recommendations on the use of multimedia resources in
online teaching, psychological aspects of distance interaction, and methods of attracting and
retaining children’s attention. The analysis of foreign literature shows that countries such as
South Korea, Estonia, and Finland have achieved significant results in the field of digital
pedagogy. In their experiences, the main factors include selecting platforms suitable for children
in primary grades, strengthening cooperation with parents, and continuously equipping teachers
with digital skills. In general, the existing literature and legal basis demonstrate that online
teaching methodology is still in the development stage. Therefore, there is a need for new
methodological solutions, localized practical experiences, and empirical research.
III.
RESULTS
1. Methodological approaches used in online education are not systematic Currently, there is a
lack of specific, practice-oriented, and age-appropriate methodological manuals dedicated to the
methodology of online teaching in primary education. Teachers often conduct lessons based on
their personal experience or general technological tools.
2. Student activity is directly related to the lesson format In online lessons enriched with
interactive, game-based, and visual (images, videos, animations) materials, students participate
more actively. As a result of experimental observations, it was found that interactive lessons
increased student engagement by 17–24%.
3. There are technical and methodological problems in online teaching According to the results
of surveys, the following problems were most commonly noted by teachers and parents:
Lack of sufficient digital tools (computers, tablets, internet speed);
Students getting distracted and unable to concentrate;
Weak digital literacy and skills;
Teachers not having fully mastered online teaching methodology.
4. Digital platforms have varying levels of effectiveness
According to the analysis, lessons conducted using step-by-step methodology and platforms
adapted for children (e.g., EduPage, Kundalik, Google Classroom) yielded better results.
Especially, live lessons conducted via Zoom increased interactivity and the level of Q&A
participation.
5. Collaboration with parents is a key factor in online education
Due to the fact that primary school students are not technically independent, strengthening
parental involvement was found to be essential. Students whose parents were actively involved
showed higher participation and task completion rates.
IV.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
The implementation of online teaching methodology at the primary education stage is one of the
most urgent and important issues facing the modern education system. The conducted research
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shows that distance learning is not merely an alternative formed out of necessity, but a
significant opportunity to modernize the pedagogical process and enrich it with interactive and
technological elements. Working with primary school students in an online format requires a
special approach, because at this age, learners rely more on the support of teachers and parents
than on independent learning. Therefore, the main directions of online teaching methodology
should be based on the use of age-appropriate visual materials, integration of game-based
elements, ensuring student engagement, and close collaboration with parents. It is possible to
significantly improve the quality of online education through necessary methodological
guidelines for teachers, professional development courses on the use of digital platforms, and
proper lesson planning. In addition, interactive tools, live communication, and presenting
assignments in various formats increase students’ interest in learning and ensure lesson
effectiveness. The development of online teaching methodology is not merely a technical matter
but a complex process that involves deep didactic, psychological, and social approaches.
Therefore, such a teaching system must rely on thoroughly developed and comprehensive
methodological foundations. According to the research findings, lessons organized using
interactive, game-based, and visual materials increase student engagement and help deepen
knowledge acquisition. At the same time, technical equipment, the level of cooperation with
parents, and teachers’ digital literacy stand out as important factors influencing the effectiveness
of online education. The recommendations developed by the author — such as applying age-
appropriate approaches when planning lessons, fully utilizing the capabilities of digital platforms,
and establishing systematic communication with parents — serve to improve the quality of
online teaching in primary education. In this regard, this work can serve as a valuable scientific
and practical foundation for further enhancing digital pedagogy in Uzbekistan’s education
system.
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures for the development of
digital education”, PQ–4851, October 6, 2020.
2. To‘xtasinova, X.T., & Jo‘rayev, M.N. (2021). The use of information technologies in primary
education. Tashkent: Fan. – 120 pages.
3. Rasulov, R.A. (2020). Fundamentals of Distance Education. Tashkent: TDPU Publishing.
4. Abdurahmonova, G. (2022). Digital Pedagogy: Modern Approaches. “Ilm Ziyo” Journal, No.
2.
5. OECD. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Education – Insights from Education at a Glance
2020. www.oecd.org.
6. Sadullayeva, O. (2024). Internet Journalism as an Integral Part of Modern Society
Development. Miasto Przyszłości, 49, pp. 1312–1314. ISSN-L: 2544-980X
