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GREEN ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT: THE CONCEPT OF "GREEN JOBS" AND
THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Eshmurodov Khurshidbek Farhod ugli
4th year student of Economics, Karshi State Technical University
Abstract :
This article explores the concept of "green jobs" within the framework of the green
economy, highlighting their economic, social, and environmental importance. Based on
international experience, it analyzes the growth trends of green employment, sectoral distribution,
and the opportunities and challenges for Uzbekistan. The paper also discusses future
development directions and required policy measures.
Keywords:
green jobs, green economy, employment, labor market, sustainable development,
environmental work, green sector
Аннотация:
В статье рассматривается понятие "зелёные рабочие места" в контексте
зелёной экономики, их экономическое, социальное и экологическое значение. На основе
международного опыта проанализированы темпы роста зелёной занятости, распределение
по секторам и возможности для Узбекистана. Также обсуждаются направления развития и
необходимые политические меры.
Ключевые слова:
зелёные рабочие места, зелёная экономика, занятость, рынок труда,
устойчивое развитие, экологическая работа, зелёный сектор
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada yashil iqtisodiyot doirasida shakllanayotgan “yashil ish o‘rinlari”
tushunchasi, ularning iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va ekologik ahamiyati yoritiladi. Maqolada xalqaro
tajriba asosida yashil bandlikning o‘sish sur’atlari, sektorlar bo‘yicha taqsimoti hamda
O‘zbekiston sharoitida bu borada yuzaga kelayotgan imkoniyatlar va muammolar tahlil qilingan.
Shuningdek, istiqboldagi rivojlanish yo‘nalishlari va zaruriy siyosiy choralar muhokama qilinadi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
yashil ish o‘rinlari, yashil iqtisodiyot, bandlik, mehnat bozori, barqaror rivojlanish,
ekologik ish, yashil sektor
Introduction
Green economy is a new economic model aimed at ensuring economic growth while maintaining
environmental sustainability. In this model, not only production and consumption processes, but
also labor market and employment relations take on a new form. In this regard, the concept of
“green jobs” is becoming an important topic at the global level today.
This article examines the transformation of the employment system in the context of a green
economy, the role of newly formed environmentally oriented professions and jobs, and their
development prospects, using the example of Uzbekistan.
Methodology
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The study used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Global experience was analyzed
based on relevant reports of international organizations (ILO, UNEP, ILO-UNEP Green Jobs
Initiative), the World Bank, OECD, and the UN. The national situation was also studied based on
data from the State Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Employment and Poverty
Reduction, and the Ministry of Ecology.
Interviews were conducted with environmental experts and practitioners to identify existing
problems and proposals.
Results and discussion
Green jobs are understood as professions that carry out activities aimed at protecting the
environment, efficiently using natural resources, adapting to climate change, and ensuring
ecological sustainability. These jobs can be created in industry, construction, agriculture, energy,
transport, and services.
Green employment is developing rapidly internationally. According to ILO data, up to 24 million
new green jobs are expected to be created worldwide by 2030. In particular, the sectors of
renewable energy, waste recycling, ecological transport, and energy efficiency are leading in this
regard.
These processes are also developing gradually in Uzbekistan. In particular, new professions are
emerging, such as technical specialists at solar and wind power plants, energy auditors,
environmental engineers, and waste management specialists. In addition, new jobs are being
created in the agro-industry in areas such as organic farming, the introduction of water-saving
technologies, and ecological tourism.
Nevertheless, the number and share of green jobs is still very low. This is due to several factors:
– Lack of environmentally qualified personnel in the labor market;
– Failure of the education system in the ecological direction to meet modern requirements;
– Low motivation to bring high profits in the economic indicators of green sectors;
– Limited specific mechanisms supporting green employment by the state.Along with the
transition to a green economy, the labor market is also undergoing transformation. As the ILO
notes, some traditional professions will disappear or shrink, but they will be replaced by
environmentally responsible professions. This requires improving the system of continuous
education and retraining.
The role of the state in creating green jobs is important. Tax incentives, subsidies, green
entrepreneurship support programs, educational grants, revision of labor standards based on
green criteria - all this creates the basis for green employment.
International experience shows that the green economy is seen not only as a means of protecting
the environment, but also as a means of creating new economic opportunities and sustainable
employment. For example, the governments of Germany, the Netherlands and South Korea have
managed to create tens of thousands of new green jobs by supporting green sectors with public
investments.
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Conclusion
Green jobs serve the ecologically sustainable, inclusive and innovative formation of the economy
and labor market. Their development is closely related to the implementation of the principles of
the green economy, training the population in new professions and skills, ensuring socio-
economic equality and strengthening environmental safety.
In the conditions of Uzbekistan, the following measures are considered necessary:
– a radical reform of the system of personnel training in the ecological direction;
– introduction of a system of statistics and monitoring of green employment;
– development of green sectors on the basis of public-private partnerships;
– creation of new jobs through the localization of environmental technologies;
– development of financial, institutional and regulatory incentives for green jobs.
The formation of the green employment market is one of the important factors determining not
only the economic, but also the ecological future of Uzbekistan. Therefore, this area should be
recognized as a strategic priority.
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 4, 2019 **“On the
Strategy for Transition to a Green Economy”** No. PF-5863.
2. “Program of Comprehensive Measures to Expand the Use of Green Energy Sources” of the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 28, 2023.
3. Official website of the Statistical Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan – https://stat.uz
4. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2011). Towards a Green Economy:
Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication.
https://www.unep.org/resources/report/towards-green-economy
5. OECD (2021). Green Growth Indicators 2021. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development.
https://www.oecd.org/environment/green-growth-indicators-2021.htm
6. National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China. China's
Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change. (2022)
7. South Korean Government's "Green Growth Strategy" Program. Ministry of Environment,
Republic of Korea (2020).
8. Tojiboyev, S. (2022). Green Economy and Sustainable Development: Theoretical and
Practical Foundations. – Tashkent: Economics Publishing House.
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9. Karimov, R., & Zokirova, D. (2021). The Role of State Policy in the Development of the
Green Economy. – Scientific Journal "Economics and Innovative Technologies", No. 2, pp. 35–
42.
10. Soliev, I., & Yuldasheva, M. (2020). The Concept of Ecological Safety and Green Economy
Development. – “Economic Bulletin of Uzbekistan”, No. 4, pp. 22–29.
