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MEHODS OF TRANSLATING VERBS WITH THE MEANING OF THE INITIAL
PHASE IN GERMAN INTO UZBEK
Sodikova Nazokat Gaforovna
Doctoral student SamSIFL Uzbekistan, Samarkand
Annotation:
This article explores the translation of analytical constructions from German
literature into Uzbek, focusing on the purely phasal verbs "beginnen" and "anfangen + zu +
infinitive." The study investigates the methods of conveying these constructions in the Uzbek
language. The findings indicate that in Uzbek, the phasal meaning associated with initiation can
be expressed analytically not only through exclusively phasal verbs but also through polysemous
verbs containing a phasal seme.
Key words:
onset phase, phase verb, polysemous verbs with a phase same, phase analytical
construction, constant phase component, variable procedural component, lexical-semantic groups,
limit/non-limit verbs.
СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕДАЧИ В УЗБЕКИСТАНСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ ГЛАГОЛОВ СО
ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ФАЗЫ В НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Содикова Назокат Гафоровна
Докторант СамГИИЯ Узбекистан, Самарканд
Аннотация:
В данной статье на основе анализа переводов из немецкой литературы
аналитических конструкций с чисто фазовым глаголами beginner и anfangen + zu +
инфинитив выявляются типы способов их передачи на узбекском языке. Выявляется, что
фазовое значение начала в узбекском языке может выражаться аналитическим способом
не только посредством
чисто фазовых глаголов, но и глаголов многозначных,
обладающих фазовой семой.
Ключевые слова:
фаза начала, фазовый глагол, многозначные глаголы, обладающие
фазовой семой, фазовая аналитическая конструкция, постоянный фазовый компонент,
переменный
процессуальный
компонент,
лексико-семантические
группы,
предельные/непредельные глаголы.
НЕМИС ТИЛИДАГИ БОШЛАНҒИЧ ФАЗА МАЪНОСИГА эГА БЎЛГАН
ФЕЪЛЛАРНИНГ ЎЗБЕК ТИЛИДА УЗАТИШ УСУЛЛАРИ
Содикова Назокат Гафоровна
СамДЧТИ докторанти Узбекистан, Самарканд
Аннотация:
Ушбу мақолада немис тили бадий адабиётлардан олинган соф бошланғич
фаза семасига эга феъллар
beginnen ва anfangen + zu + инфинитив
билан аналитик
моделларнинг таржималари таҳлили асосида уларнинг ўзбек тилида берилиши
усулларининг турлари очиб берилади. Ўзбек тилида бошланғич фаза маъноси нафақат соф
фазали феъл билан, балки кўп маъноли фаза семасига эга феъллар билан аналитик усулида
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берилиши мумкинлиги аниқланади.
Таянч сўзлар:
бошланғич фаза, фазавий феъл, кўп маъноли фаза семасига эга феъллар,
фазавий аналитик бирикма, доимий фаза компоненти, ўзгарувчан процессуал компонент,
лексик-семантик гуруҳлар, чегараланган/чегараланмаган феъллар.
In German, combinations formed by a modal verb + a main verb in the infinitive form are
recognized in the literature as analytical constructions (for example: [Baklushin 1989], [Rizayev
2019]). In Uzbek linguistic materials, some works have also addressed aspectual meanings
(related to types, phases, and various modes of action) associated with analytical constructions
(see: [Nurmuhamedov 1976], [Nasilov 1989:16–18], [Ne'matov, Gulomov et al. 1998:52],
[Shukurov 2004:11], [Mahmudov, Nurmonova et al. 2009:61], [Muminova 2021:42–44], and
others).
Based on these studies, the purpose of this article is to determine the methods of
expressing initial phase meanings in Uzbek by analyzing examples with the German verbs
beginnen
and
anfangen
and their translations into Uzbek.
The term “phase-analytical construction” (PAC) is defined in this article as follows: a verb (or
verbal construction) expressing phase meaning combines with a linguistic element denoting a
process (a verb or noun in various forms) to indicate its stages—specifically, its beginning,
continuation, or termination (cessation) (see: [Rizayev 2019: 17].
The verb expressing phase
meaning is considered the invariable component (IC) of the analytical construction, while the
word denoting the process serves as its variable component (VC). Thus, the generalized model of
a phase-analytical construction can be represented as PAC = IC + VC.
In German, the initial phase is primarily expressed through meanings that carry the singular
semantic feature of “beginning”.
In texts, the most frequently encountered verb is
beginnen
. In most cases, it combines with
a variable component (VC) in the form of an infinitive introduced by
zu
, which denotes various
processes. Thus, the
beginnen + infinitive
construction serves as the primary model for
expressing the initial phase meaning. This model can be expressed in Uzbek through various
linguistic means. For example, in our research material, we encountered the following patterns
with the verb “to begin”:
I.
Models with begin:
1.
Begin + adverbial participle–(а):
(1)
Er
begann zu zittern
, als er es hörte (Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 474). -
(1а) U buni eshitib
titra boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 273-bet);
Upon hearing this, (s)he
began to tremble
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 273-page);
(2)
Nacht. Draußen
begann
es
zu regnen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 161). -
(2а) Tun.
Yomg‘ir yog‘a boshladi (
Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 94-bet);
Night.
The rain began to fall (
Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 94-page);
(3)
Ich sprang über das Gitter und
begann
einen weißen Fliederbusch
zu plündern.
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 179). -
(3а) Men panjaradan sakrab o‘tib siren shoxchalarini
uza boshladim.
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni,
105-bet);
I jumped over the fence and
began to pluck off
the lilac branches.
(4)
Sie sperrte ab, trieb einen Keil in den Knäuel, riß die Haufen auseinander, löste sie
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auf und
begann
sofort
abzutransportieren
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 474). -
(4а) Ular hamma yo‘llarrni berkitib, olomon ustiga tashlanishdi, hash-pash deguncha to‘dani
parday to‘zitib, odamlarni bitta- bittalab yuk mashinasiga
uloqtira boshlashdi
(Remark. Uch
o‘gayni, 278-bet);
They blocked all the exits, threw themselves upon the crowd, and—in the blink of an eye
began
tearing the group apart,
hurling
people one by one into the truck (Remark. Uch o‘gayni, 278-
page);
(5)
Die Kanonenkugel strich durch die Halle, blieb hinter unserem Tisch stehen und
begann
wohlwollend
zu kiebitzen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 529). -
(5а) Soqqabosh kishi butun zalni bosib o’tib, teppamizga keldida, o’yinni qiziqib
kuzata
boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 310-bet);
The man crossed the entire hall, and when he reached our side, he
began watching
the game
with interest (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 310-page);
(6)
Dann
begann
sie sich
zu pudern
, das arme, abgezehrte Gesicht, die zerrissenen
Lippen, die schweren, braunen Höhlen unter den Augen (Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 591).
(7)
(6а) Keyin horg‘in, qonsiz yuziga, quruqlashgan lablari, ichiga botib ketgan ko‘zlari
ostiga upa
surta boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 332-bet);
Then, she
began to apply
powder to his weary, bloodless face, beneath his dried lips and sunken
eyes (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 332-page);
(7) Ich kam nicht los von ihm, und nicht ohne warnende Stimmen in mir zu vernehmen, nahm
ich ihn wieder in die Hand und
begann
mich mit ihm
auseinanderzusetzen
(Hesse. Der
Steppenwolf, S.76). -
(7а) Ich- ichimdan botiniy ogoh etuvchi ovozlarni sezib, payqab turgan bo‘lishimga qaramasdan,
uni yana qo‘limga olib, baqamti bo‘ldim, u bilan ochiqchasiga
„bahslasha“ boshladim
(Hesse.
Cho‘l bo‘risi, 100 бет).
Although I sensed and was aware of the warning voices rising inside me, I took it in my hands
again, steadied myself, and openly
began to “argue”
with it (Hesse. Cho‘l bo‘risi, 100 page).
(8) Immer näher, immer deutlicher
begann
ich das Gespenst
zu sehen
, vor dem ich mich
fürchtete (Hesse. Der Steppenwolf, S.79). -
(8а) Yuragimga qo‘rquv soladigan sharpa menga tobora yaqinlashib, ko’zimga yanada aniqroq
ko‘rina boshladi
(Hesse. Cho’l bo’risi,103-бет)
The terrifying shadow that filled my heart drew ever closer and
began to appear
even clearer to
my eyes (Hesse. Cho’l bo’risi,103-page)
2.
Begin + adverbial participle-(аy):
(9) Graus Schultern
begannen zu beben
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden. S. 205). -
(9а) Grausning yelkalari
qaltiray boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 120-bet);
Graus's shoulders
began to tremble
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 120-page);
(10) Langsam
begann
sie die Vorhänge mit Nadeln
zuzustecken
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S.
300). -
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(10а) U asta-sekin pardalarni
qaday boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni. 178-bet).
she slowly
began to hang
the curtains (Remark. Uch og‘ayni. 178-page).
(11) Dann setzte ich mich an den Schreibtisch und
begann
mein Geld
zu zählen
(Remarque.
Drei Kameraden, S. 381). -
(11а) Keyin stolga o‘tirdimda pullarimni
sanay boshladim
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 230-bet);
Then, when I sat down at the table, I
began counting
my money (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 230-
page);
(12) Die Wiesen schimmerten plötzlich von Reif, die Bäume standen wie aus Stahl gegossen vor
dem fahler werdenden Himmel, in den Wäldern
begann
es
zu wehen
, und aus den Schornsteinen
der Häuser stieg vereinzelt Rauch auf. (Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 519).
(12а) O‘tloqlarni qoplagan shabnam uchqun sachratar, oqara boshlagan osmon ostidagi daraxtlar
qo‘rg‘oshindan yasalganga o‘xshardi. O‘rmonlarda shamol qo‘zg‘aldi, ayrim tomlar tepasidan
tutun
o‘ralay boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 297-bet).
The trees beneath the whitening dawn sky, covered with dewdrops sparkling like embers,
resembled leaden sculptures. A wind stirred in the forests, and wisps of smoke
began coiling
over some rooftops (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 297-page).
3.
Begin + noun:
(13) Die Vögel
begannen zu zwitschern
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 239). -
(13а) Qushlarni
chug‘ur- chug‘uri boshlandi
(Remark.Uch og‘ayni, 141-bet);
The birds
began to chirp
incessantly (Remark.Uch og‘ayni, 141-page);
(14) Die Kapelle
begann
wieder
zu spielen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 225). -
(14а) Orkester yana
kuy boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 132-bet);
4. begin + noun-verb (adverbial participle –(а)) construction:
(15) Sie
begann
tiefer
zu atmen
, und ich stand leise auf und ging in den Garten hinaus
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 278). -
(15а) U chuqurroq
nafas ola boshladi,
men sekin o‘rnimdan turib boqqa chiqdim (Remark. Uch
og‘ayni, 164-bet);
He
began to breathe
more deeply, and I quietly rose from my seat and stepped outside (Remark.
Uch og‘ayni, 164-page);
(16) Dann
begann
sie
zu singen
, und es war, als schwebe ein dunkler Vogel durch den Raum
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 564). -
(16а) Keyin
qo'shiq aytishni boshladi
va go‘yo teppamizda qora qush parvoz qilgandek bo‘ldi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 318-bet).
Then he
began to sing
, and it was as if a black bird had taken flight above us (Remark. Uch
og‘ayni, 318-page).
(17) Denn, unter uns, seit ich
angefangen habe zu schreiben,
war ich schon dreimal in den
Begriffen, die Feder niederzulegen, mein Pferd satteln zu lassen und hinauszureiten (Goethe.
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Die Leiden des jungen Werthers, S.14
).
(17a) 0‘zingdan qolar gap yo‘q,
yoza boshlaganimdan
buyon menga uch bor qo‘limdagi
ruchkani qo‘yib, otni egarlatsam-da, o‘sha yoqqa yo‘rtib ketsam, degan fikr tugʻildi (Гёте.Yosh
Verterning iztiroblari S.19)
There was no denying it—three times since I began writing, the thought had occurred to me, to
put down the pen in my hand, saddle the horse, and gallop off toward that place (Гёте.Yosh
Verterning iztiroblari P.19)
In German, situations expressed through beginnen + infinitive can be reflected in Uzbek using
various polysemous phase verbs. In our material, we encountered verbs like
ketmoq, o‘tmoq,
tushmoq, tushib ketmoq, qo‘zg‘almoq, bormoq, and kirishmoq
serving this function. Below,
we illustrate the models formed with these verbs through examples.
II.
Models with Polysemous Phase Verbs
1.
begin + gerund (га):
(18) Jeden Tag gab es ja Dutzende von Auktionen. Mit runden Gesten
begann
er den armseligen
Kram
zu versteigern
. (Remarque. Drei Kameraden”, S. 169). -
(18а) Shaharda har kuni o'nlab kim oshdi savdosi bo'ladi. Auktsionchi hazil- mutoyibalari,
artistona imo- ishoralar bilan eski-tuski lash- lushlarini
sotishga kirishdi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni,
98-bet);
In the city, dozens of secondhand auctions take place daily. The auctioneer, with jokes and
theatrical gestures,
began selling off
old, tattered odds and ends (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 98-page);
2.
shift + gerund + noun:
(19) Ferdinand war bis dahin ziemlich zugeknöpft gewesen; jetzt
begann
er
zu überreden
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 175). -
(19а) Shu paytgacha xotirjam gapirayotgan Ferdinand endi uni
ko‘ndirish yo‘liga o‘tdi
(
Remark. Uch og‘ayni., 103-bet);
Until now, Ferdinand had been speaking calmly, but then he
shifted to persuading
her
(
Remark.
Uch og‘ayni., 103-page);
3.
Proceed + gerund:
(20) Aber in Frankfurt stieg ein Mann mit einem Seehundsbart ein, der sofort einen Koffer
auspackte und
zu essen begann
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden”, S. 426) -
(20а) Ammo Frankfurtda kupega mo‘ylovi tyulennikiga o‘xshagan bir odam kirib keldi, apil-
tapil chamadonini ochib,
ovqatlanishga tushdi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 249-bet).
But in Frankfurt, a man resembling a mole with a mustache entered the compartment, hastily
opened his suitcase, and
proceeded to eat
. (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 249-page).
4.
proceeded + noun:
(21) Die Frau
begann zu sprechen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 228). -
(21а) Ayol
gapga tushib ketdi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 134-bet);
The woman
proceeded into speech
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 134-page);
5.
ed + adverbial participle -(аb):
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(22) Die Sonne ging hinter den Dächern des Gewerkschaftshauses auf. Die Fenster
begannen zu
blitzen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 241).
(22а) Quyosh kasaba uyushmalari binosining tomiga tirmasha boshladi. Deraza oynalari
yarqirab ketdi (
Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 142-bet);
The sun began to climb the roof of the trade union building. The windowpanes
flashed brightly
(
Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 142-page);
(23) Sie ließ einen Foxtrott spielen, machte mir die ersten Schritte vor, nahm meine Hand und
begann
mich
zu führen.
(Hesse. Der Steppenwolf, S.114). -
(23а) Qiz fokstrot musiqasi sadolari ostida birinchi qadamlarni qanday tashlashni ko‘rsatib,
qo‘limdan tutib,
boshlab ketdi
(Hesse. Cho’l bo’risi,144-бет.)
To the strains of foxtrot music, the girl showed me how to take the first steps, took my hand, and
led
me into the dance (Hesse. Cho’l bo’risi,144-page.)
6.
send + noun
(24) Als ich ihre Lippen fühlte,
begann
ich
zu zittern
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 520). -
(24а) Uning lablari tanamga
titroq soldi.
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 298-bet);
Her lips
sent a shiver
through my div (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 298-page);
7.
Shift
(transition from one state to another):
(25) Langsam
begannen
die Ketten klappernd durch den Schnee
zu mahlen
(Remarque. Drei
Kameraden, S. 535) -
(25а) Zanjir o‘ralgan g‘ildiraklar qorni g‘ijirlatib,
o‘rnidan qo‘zg‘aldi.
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni,
305-bet).
The chain-wrapped wheels groaned in the snow and
shifted from their place
8.
Become +-(ib):
(26) Der Wagen
begann
langsam bergab
zu fahren
, in das Tal und in die Schatten. (Remarque.
Drei Kameraden, S. 521).
(26 а) Mashina bilan pastga tushganimiz sayin kun
qorong‘ulashib borardi.
(Remark.Uch
og‘ayni, 306-bet).
As we descended by car, the daylight
steadily darkened
.
In some cases, the inceptive phase meaning expressed in German is not directly mirrored in
Uzbek. For example, in sample (27a), the verb started is used, changing: started to swear, to they
swore. Compare:
(27) Es waren vier harmlose, ältere Leute. Einer von ihnen war betrunken. Sie
begannen zu
schimpfen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 493).
(27 а) Yo‘lovchilar beozor, keksa odamlar ekan. Bittasini kayfi bor. Ular bizni
so’kib berishdi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 284-bet).
The passengers were harmless elderly folks. One of them was drunk. They
swore
at us (Remark.
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289
Uch og‘ayni, 284-page).
(28 а) In the text, instead of “the radio started playing”, referred to as “they turned the radio on”:
(28) Ein Radio
begann zu spielen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 534). –
(28а) Radioni
burashdi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 304-bet).
turned
the radio
on
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 304-page).
(29а) The example demonstrates how inceptive phase meaning (expressed through verbs like
“began”) is replaced by sequential event narration in Uzbek, reflecting:
(29) Die Reifen
begannen zu knarren – zu zischen – zu heulen – zu pfeifen
– der Motor gab
jetzt alles her, was er hatte (Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 290).
(29а) The wheels creaked and whistled, sometimes humming, then squealing – the speed was
high. (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 170-page).
In another example (30a), the inceptive meaning is not explicitly expressed in Uzbek; instead,
the transition of the subject to a new state is conveyed:
(30) Langsam
begann
er
zu lächeln
, sein hübsches und jämmerliches Lächeln, mit dem er mir
so oft das Herz schwer gemacht hat,... (Hesse. Der Steppenwolf, S.11).
(30а) Then she
smiles
slowly, she always had this characteristic, lovely smile that could melt
hearts. (Hesse. Cho‘l bo‘risi, 23 - page).
Analysis of the examples shows that in most cases, various combinations and polysemous verbs
participate in expressing the meaning of the initial phase in Uzbek, with the phase verb “to
begin” being the only dedicated verb for expressing the phase meaning.
Thus, situations expressed in German through the construction
beginnen + infinitive
are
conveyed in Uzbek not only by the pure inceptive-phase verb
boshlamoq
, but also through
motion/action verbs that imply an abstract sense of initiation, such as
ketmoq, o‘tmoq, tushmoq,
tushib ketmoq, qo‘zg‘almoq, bormoq, kirishmoq
.
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In the table below, we present the types of models encountered in our material.
1- Table
german model
Uzbek model
I.
beginnen + zu + Infinitiv
1.
begin + adverbial participle –(а)
2.
Begin + adverbial participle -(аy)
3.
Begin + noun
4.
Begin + noun-verb combination
5.
begin
+ gerund (to)
6.
shift
+ (persuading)
7.
proceed
+ gerund
8.
proceeded
+ noun (into speech)
9.
become
+ adverbial participle -(ib)
10.
ed
+ -(ib) не совсем
11.
send
+ noun
12.
shift
(from place)
13.
become
+-(ib)
Es + beginnen + инфинитив
begin + noun-verb combination
It was observed that the verb “
beginnen
” has a very wide combinatory potential. In
constructions with it, verbs with various lexical meanings can participate as variable components
in the infinitive form. They are verbs denoting: (a) Natural phenomena (regnen - to rain), (b)
Speech and sound-related actions ((aus)sprechen - to speak, to finish speaking), überreden - to
persuade, to convince), zwitschern - to chirp, knarren - to creak, zischen - to hiss, heulen - to
howl, pfeifen - to whistle), (c) Various actions and states (versteigern - to put up for sale),
plündern - to loot, to plunder), beben (to tremble, to shake), spielen (to play), atmen (to breathe),
(d) Static states (blitzen - to flash).
Aktionally, these verbs form two groups: bounded and unbounded. For instance, verbs like
regnen, sprechen, zwitschern, knarren, zischen, heulen, pfeifen, beben, spielen, atmen, blitzen
belong to the unbounded category, as they express actions, states, or events with neither an initial
nor a final boundary, that is, no inherent limits exist. They purely denote ongoing processes (e.g.,
beben, atmen) or static states (e.g., blitzen). In contrast, the processes expressed by the
following verbs aussprechen, überreden, plündern, versteigern, are linked to either a starting
point (e.g., plündern: to come to possess something) or an endpoint (e.g., aussprechen: to bring
speech to completion; überreden: to force someone into a new state). For this reason, such verbs
are classified as bounded verbs. Thus, the verb beginnen can combine not only with infinitives of
unbounded verbs (in most cases) but also with bounded verbs, thereby reflecting the inceptive
phase meaning of the processes they describe.
In German, alongside
beginnen
, its synonym
anfangen
also can combine with
zu + infinitive.
Such analytical constructions occur less frequently in texts compared to
beginnen
. In Uzbek, the
inceptive phase meanings expressed by
anfangen + zu + infinitive
in German are primarily
rendered through combinations of the verb
begin
with converbs. For example:
(27) Sie
fing an zu weinen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 297). –
(27а) U
yig‘lay boshladi
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 173-bet);
She began to cry. (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 173-page);
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291
(28)
Nase
fing an zu bluten
, ich verfehlte den nächsten Schlag... (Remarque. Drei
Kameraden, S. 372). –
(28а) Burnimdan
qon keta boshladi
, men navbatdagi zarbani o‘tkazib yubordim... (Remark.
Uch og‘ayni, 223-bet).
Blood began to flow
from my wound, and I missed the next strike. (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 223-
page).
(29)
Der Auktionator
fing an,
die Sachen
auszubieten.
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S.
499).
(29а) Auktsionchi ishga kirishdi va buyumlarni
taklif qila boshladi.
(Remark. Uch og‘ayni,
287-bet).
The auctioneer began the proceedings and
started offering
the items.(Remark. Uch og‘ayni,
287-page).
(30) Drunten in der brennenden Stadt
fingen
die Glocken
an zu läuten,
aufgeregt und angstvoll
(Hesse. Der Steppenwolf, S.184).
(30а) Huv pastlikda, yonayotgan shaharda jomlar besaranjom va tashvishli
chalina boshlandi
(Hesse. Cho‘l bo‘risi,223-бет.)
In the depths, across the burning city, bells
began to ring
—discordant and full of dread. (Hesse.
Cho‘l bo‘risi,223-page.)
In some cases, the initial phase of a process expressed in German is rendered in Uzbek without
direct translation, conveying instead the general meaning of the process itself. Compare:
(30) “Ich
fange an zu vergessen
”, sagte ich schwärmerisch (Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S.
274). -
(30а) Endi
unutiyapman
, - dedim kulib... (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 161-bet).
Now I'm
forgetting
,' I said with a laugh… (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 161-page).
(31) Ich
fange
schon
an,
mich an Kaffee
zu gewöhnen
(Remarque. Drei Kameraden, S. 183). -
(31а) Sekin- sekin kofe ichishni
o‘rganayapman
... – dedi Pat (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 107-bet).
I’m gradually
learning
to drink coffee,’ said Pat.. (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 107-page).
The analysis carried out has shown that in the German language, the meaning of the initial phase
is expressed in two ways — through the phase verbs beginnen and anfangen. In Uzbek, these
situations can be conveyed, on the one hand, mainly through a single pure phase verb,
boshlamoq “
to begin
”, and its combinations, and on the other hand, through various multi-
meaning verb combinations that include the semantic component of the initial phase.
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3. Nurmukhamedov A. Expression of incipient verbal action in modern German and Uzbek
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4. Nematov H., Gulomov A., Abduraimova A., Kosimova N. Ona tili. - Tashkent, Uktuvi, 1998.
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