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UDC:633.18
LABORATORY AND FIELD FERTILITY OF RICE VARIETIES SEEDS
Q.K. Urazmetov,
O.D. Makhmudjonova
master's student of the Department of Agronomy, Urgench State University.
Annotation:
Under laboratory conditions, seed germination and grass strength is much higher.
Sowing seeds affect the temperature of water and air. At low temperatures, seeds slowly absorb
water, causing the seeds to fall from the cornea and slow down the growth process. The seeds are
sown at the beginning of the process, and their wheat flourishes, occasionally sprouting grass.
However, sowing seeds early will lead to relatively high yields. This is explained in such a way
that every plant that grows from seeds that grows in the early stages is particularly productive,
resulting in a volume of space in the field. Sowing grain at night results in poor performance.
This is mainly due to adverse weather conditions.
Keywords:
rice, germination, thermostat, sowing date, temperature, variety, seed, grain, petri
dish, percentage, sowing rate.
Introduction.
The world's population consumed 78% of the total rice production in 2014. Rice
is the staple food for more than 3.5 billion people. Therefore, experts predict that rice
consumption will not decline in the future, especially in Africa and Asia. According to data from
2016-2017, approximately 144 million tons of rice were consumed by the Chinese population.
According to medical standards, the per capita consumption of rice is 54.2 kg per year, but in
practice this figure is 53.7 kg..
As a result of the reforms carried out in the agrarian sector in our republic, comprehensive
measures are being taken to introduce resource-saving technologies in farming, reduce cotton
areas and grow rice as the main and repeated crop, and establish rice seed production in each
region, expand the cultivated areas and continuously provide the population with this product.
However, not enough attention has been paid to scientific research on determining optimal
planting dates and standards for newly created rice varieties.
Based on the above, laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study the effect of seed
germination on the growth and yield of rice varieties.
The life stages of a rice plant, like other annual cereals, are characterized by changes in growth
and development that occur in a series of sequential stages. These changes are observed in a
complex relationship with the age of the plant and the processes that occur with the formation of
organs [4, -27 p.]
After sowing the seed, under the conditions of a certain sequence of temperature, humidity, and
the presence of an optimal amount of mineral nutrients and other factors in the soil, the rice plant
goes through a number of successive stages. During the same period, various organs that
1
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determine the productivity of the plant are formed. The growing season and the duration of each
stage, as well as the varietal characteristics of the plant, are closely related to the climatic
conditions of the spring-summer-autumn periods. The more favorable the conditions for the
growth and development of the plant, the longer it grows and passes all its life stages in a normal
state. On the contrary, when unfavorable conditions occur, the plant quickly completes each
stage of development, that is, the duration of each stage is short and the yield indicators are low
[1, -43 p.]
In the research conducted by the breeder scientist T.E. Isakov at the Uzbekistan Rice Research
Institute in 1971, the laboratory and field fertility of the "UzROS-7-13" variety was determined
to be 58 percent, while in the control variant, the planting rate (200 kg, 350 kg, 500 kg) led to a
decrease in the variants with an increased yield of 46-50 percent [6, -70 p.]
T.V. Ivanov [3, -229 p.] In his experiments conducted in 2005-2007, it was observed that the
field fertility of varieties varied depending on the planting rate, and in 4 million (up to 35.6-38.8
percent) in 5 million (up to 34.5-36.6 percent), 6 million (up to 33.4-34.3 percent) [2, -54-55 p.].
In scientific research conducted by scientists of the Uzbek Rice Research Institute in 1973-1974,
data were provided that the field germination of rice was 32-58% [5, -73 p.]. The germination
rate of seeds in field conditions is much lower than in laboratory conditions. This indicator
depends on the quality of the seeds, soil temperature and humidity at the time of sowing, seed
sowing depth, and agricultural technology.
Monitoring the growth and development of rice plants, assessing the early maturity of different
varieties and hybrids, conducting technological processes taking into account the growth period
between phases, the dynamics of stem growth, the timing of dry mass accumulation and
harvesting for grain allows you to draw up a calendar plan for the study.
When the germination of seeds is low, it is necessary to determine their viability (for a short
time). This method is used for seeds that germinate slowly, and when germination is determined
by simple methods, the seeds remain dormant. Various dyes are used to determine viability -
tetrazole, indigo carmine or fuchsin. A 0.5% solution of tetrazole stains the living germ cells of
the seed red, while a 0.1% solution of indigo carmine and acid fuchsin turns the dead germ cells
blue [2, -55 p.]
Research results
: According to the data in Table 1, the germination of late-maturing rice seeds
of the “UzROS-7-13” variety, determined in laboratory conditions by placing 100 grains per
Petri dish in a thermostat at a temperature of 20-30⁰ C (30⁰ C for 6 hours, 20⁰ C for 18 hours),
was 98.2 percent, and for the “Lazurniy” variety, this indicator was 98.6 percent.
Undoubtedly, at relatively high temperatures, the germination of rice seeds is accelerated [6, -
25b.]. In this regard, it can be said about the optimal sowing dates that the period at which the
temperature at which the germination rate of plants is high can be considered the optimal sowing
date.
When observing the field germination of seeds in the years of the study, the field germination of
the control "UzROS-7-13" variety, when sown in the Tashkent region at 4, 5, 6 (control) million
units/ha during the April 25 planting period, was 55.7-56.3 percent, which was 1.3-2 percent
lower than the field germination of seeds sown during the May 5-15 period (57.3-57.7 percent)
and during the May 15 period (57.3-58.0 percent).
1-Table
Laboratory germination and seed performance of late-maturing rice varieties (2020-2023)
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Rice varieties
Number of
grains in 1
Petri dish,
pcs.
Laboratory germination of seeds at a temperature of 20-
30⁰С, percent
7 - day
8 – day
9 - day
10 – day
«UzROS-7-13»
(2020-2023)
100
96,2
97,0
97,6
98,2
«UzROS-7-13»
(1980-1990)
100
97.1
97,7
98,2
98,7
Difference
-0,9
-0,7
-0,6
-0,5
«Lazurniy»
100
96,5
97,3
97,9
98,6
(2020-2023)
100
96.7
97.4
98.0
98,8
« Lazurniy»
-0,2
-0,1
-0,1
-0,2
When determining the field yield of the "Lazurniy" variety under study in the Tashkent region at
all three planting dates and rates, the control planting date was 25 April, when 4, 5, 6 (control)
million units/ha were planted, the yield was 56.3 percent, and on 5 May, it was 57.7 - 58.0
percent. The highest yield in the experiment was observed at 15 May, when the planting rate was
4, 5, 6 million units/ha, it was 60.3 - 60.7 percent.
When determining the field germination of seeds in the years of the study, it was found that
when the control variety "UzROS-7-13" was sown in the conditions of the Khorezm region at a
sowing date of April 30 at 4, 5, 6 (control) million units/ha, the germination was 54.7-55.0
percent, which was 1.3-2.0 percent lower than when the sowing dates of May 10-20 were (56.3)
percent, and when the sowing date of May 20 was (57.3-57.7) percent.
The germination of the "Lazurniy" variety studied in the experiment was 55.0-55.3 percent when
the sowing date of April 30 at 4, 5, 6 (control) million units/ha, 55.7-57 percent on May 10, and
57.3-58.0 percent on May 20. This, in turn, was observed that the difference between the sowing
rates at the May 10 sowing date was 0.7-1.0 percent less than the control option. It was found
that the difference between the sowing rates at the May 20 sowing date was 2.3-2.7 percent more
than the control.
The soil and climatic conditions of the Tashkent and Khorezm regions of our republic affected
the laboratory and field germination of seeds of the late-ripening rice varieties "UzROS-7-13"
and "Lazurniy". That is, the sowing dates of these varieties on May 5 and 15, when the sowing
rate was 5.6 million units per hectare, achieved the highest field germination (in the Tashkent
region, the "UzROS-7-13" variety was 57.3-58.0 percent and "Lazurniy" - 58.3-60.7 percent.
2-Table
Field germination and number of sprouted plants of late-maturing rice varieties (2012-2014)
Sowing
quantity,
grains/ha
Sowing
period
Field
yield,
percent
Number of
plants per
1 m2
Sowing
period
Field,
forgetfulness,
interest
Number of
plants per
1 m2
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188
Tashkent region
Khorezm region
"UzROS-7-13"
4mln
25.
IV
(control)
55,7
222,8
30.IV
(control)
10.V
54,7
218,8
5mln
56,3
281,5
54,7
273,5
6mln(control)
56,0
336,0
55,0
330,0
4mln
05.V
57,3
229,2
20.V
56,3
225,2
5mln
57,7
288,5
56,3
281,5
6mln
57,3
343,8
56,3
337,8
4mln
15.V
57,3
229,2
"Lazurni"
30.IV
57,7
230,8
5mln
58,0
290,0
57,3
286,5
6mln
58,0
348,0
57,7
346,2
«Lazurniy»
4mln
25. IV
56,3
225,2
30.IV
(control)
55,0
220,0
5mln
56,3
281,5
55,3
276,5
6mln
56,3
337,8
55,3
331,8
4mln
05.V
57,7
230,8
10.V
55,7
222,8
5mln
58,3
291,5
57,0
285,0
6mln
58,0
348,0
56,3
337,8
4mln
15.V
60,3
241,2
20.V
57,3
229,2
5mln
60,7
303,5
58,0
290,0
6mln
60,3
361,8
58,0
348,0
The soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm regions affected the laboratory and field
germination of seeds of the late-maturing rice varieties "UzROS-7-13" and "Lazurniy". That is,
the sowing dates of these varieties
May 10 and May 20, when sowing at a rate of 5.6 million units per hectare, showed the highest
field germination (56.3-57.0 percent and 58.0 percent, respectively, in the Khorezm region),
forming the largest number of plants per hectare.
From the data obtained, it can be concluded that the sowing dates significantly affected the field
germination. That is, in experiments conducted in the Tashkent and Khorezm regions, the
germination of seeds sown in late terms was 1.5-2.0 percent higher than that sown in early terms.
This can be explained by the rapid germination of seeds due to the relatively high air temperature
in the late terms.
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Many scientists, including N.I. Valilov, N.N. Kuleshov and others, recommended that grain
crops be grown in areas with good soil and climatic conditions. The results of experiments
conducted in different regions showed that the Southern regions have higher seed germination
than the Northern regions. In addition, the most important factors affecting the quality of seeds
are: temperature, water supply during the growth period of the plant, length and shortness of the
day, soil properties, etc. It was found that in the climatic conditions of the Tashkent region, field
germination was 1-1.5 percent higher in all studied sowing periods compared to the climatic
conditions of the Khorezm region. In our opinion, it is possible that the salinization of the soils
of the Khorezm region negatively affected the field germination of seeds [2, -54-55 p.]
Conclusion
: Sowing rates did not significantly affect the field germination of seeds, but it was
found that when the sowing rate was sown at an early date, germination was lower than when
sown at a late date. Field experiments conducted in both regions of our republic clearly
demonstrated this.
References:
1. Ataboeva Kh.N. Cereal crop biology and cultivation technology T.: ToshDAU, 2009. 13-
14-43-93-105-112 b
2. Ataboeva H.N., O. Kadirkhojaev Plant science T. New century generation-2006 54-55-124
b
3. Dzyuba V.A. teoreticheskoe i praktnoe rastenivodstvonaprimere pshenisy, yachmenya i
risa krasnodar 2010. p. 229
4. Kogai M.T. Rannie sroki seva risa s glubinoy zadelki semyan na 4-5 cm i poluchenie
vskhodov na estestvennoy vlage. Sb.trudovUzNIIRisa, Tashkent, 1975 g.s. 15-27
5. Reports of the Rice Research Institute for 1971-1973 26, 28, 46, 53, 71, 72, 73, 76, 83, 165,
166 b
6. Scientific Research Institute of Rice reports for 2007-2012 13, 16, 17, 23, 25, 33, 42, 70 b
