https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 2, 2025
687
METHODS OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN PRIMARY GRADES AND WAYS TO
USE THEM EFFECTIVELY
Ochilov Akmal Eshtemirovich
International Innovation University,
Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy,
Doctor Pedagogical Sciences.
Annonation:
There is described in the article the methods of teaching mathematics in
elementary grades by learning sources and ways to implementing these effectively. Also, there
are provided some examples of these methods implementation in practice.
Keywords:
мethod, discussion, explanation, induction, deduction, analogy, analysis, synthesis,
comparison, problem, explaining, illustrative, reproductive.
Аннотация:
В статье рассмотрены методы обучения математике в начальных классах по
источникам обучения учеников и пути их эффективного использования. Также приведены
примеры по применению нескольких методов на практике.
Ключевые слова и понятия:
метод, беседа, объяснение, индукция, дедукция, аналогия,
анализ, синтез, сопоставление, проблемный, разъясняющий, иллюстративный,
репродуктивный.
Introduction
The rapid and intensive development of science, technology, and production requires improving
the quality of education in all educational institutions, especially in primary education, and
updating its content to a new level. It also emphasizes the importance of widely implementing
educational standards, advanced pedagogical methods, and information-communication
technologies. This, in turn, places even greater responsibility and tasks on primary school
teachers.
It is well known that teaching methods and systematically enriching and updating them are
among the most important aspects of achieving high results in education. Teaching and learning
methods represent the joint activities of teachers and students through which new knowledge,
skills, and competencies are acquired, and teachers' abilities and thinking are developed.
Therefore, teaching methods enriched with the latest achievements of modern science,
technology, and information technologies play a significant role in increasing the effectiveness
of education.
Today, it is essential to review all existing teaching methods and their classifications in order to
consciously select those that match the new content and tasks of education. Teaching methods
are intended to organize, stimulate, and control the joint activities of teachers and students. They
are divided into three groups:
Methods of organizing cognitive activity;
Methods of encouraging cognitive activity;
https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 2, 2025
688
Methods of controlling the effectiveness of cognitive activity.
The methods of organizing cognitive activity are further divided into groups:
According to the sources of knowledge acquisition by students: verbal, visual, and practical
methods.
According to the direction of students' thinking: induction, deduction, and analogy.
According to the level of pedagogical guidance and students' independence: teacher-led learning
and independent learning methods.
According to the level of students’ independent activity: explanatory-illustrative, reproductive,
problem-solving, partially exploratory, and research methods.
Now, let's analyze the group classified by the sources of knowledge acquisition by students. As
mentioned above, these are verbal, visual, and practical methods.
Verbal methods allow providing a large amount of information in a short time, presenting
problems to students, helping them explore possible solutions, and developing students' verbal
skills. These methods create favorable conditions for developing students’ thinking. Verbal
methods include:
A)
Explanation:
The teacher presents the material, and students receive ready knowledge. The
explanation should be clear, concise, and understandable. This method is used to introduce
theoretical material and provide guidance on using learning tools. Some topics in primary math
should be explained orally. Modern information technologies and special gadgets can be
effectively used in oral explanations, aiding students in visualizing mathematical figures.
B)
Dialogue (Conversation
): One of the most widespread and effective teaching methods, used
at various stages of the lesson—explaining new material, reinforcing, reviewing, checking
homework, and independent work. This is a question-and-answer method where the teacher
helps students solve educational and developmental tasks using specially selected questions
based on their knowledge and practical experience. There are two main types: catechetical
(repeating previously learned knowledge) and heuristic (leading students to discover new
concepts through questions). The questions should stimulate thinking, encourage comparing and
grouping facts and events, and discovering relationships. Examples: "Why?", "What does this
mean?", "How else can this be done?", "How should this be understood?"
C
) Storytelling
: The teacher can explain concepts in the form of a story or fairy tale. This
method is often used to convey the history of mathematics, the development of measurement
systems, and related historical facts. If the story involves events and elements from a child’s
daily life, its effectiveness increases.
D)
Working with Books
: This is a form of verbal teaching where students work with textbooks
and educational materials that present a systematic course and provide materials for independent
work. It requires teacher support and specific reading skills. In mathematics, reading a problem
text may be difficult at first, so teachers should check students’ understanding of what they read.
Attention should be given to instructions before exercises. Reading diagrams, illustrations, and
mathematical texts helps develop students’ understanding and analytical skills.
E)
Visual Methods
: These help students gain knowledge through observation, a key element of
sensory thinking. In primary education, these methods are particularly effective. Various models,
https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 2, 2025
689
objects, visual aids in different languages can serve as observation tools. Visual methods should
always be accompanied by verbal explanations from both the teacher and students. This
combination is particularly effective in mathematics, as it helps form meaningful quantitative
concepts, develop logical thinking and speech, and leads to generalizations that can be applied in
practice.
F)
Practical Methods
: These methods are used to develop and improve skills and competencies
through oral and written exercises, practical and laboratory work, and some types of independent
tasks. Exercises aim to reinforce and apply knowledge. They should follow a system from simple
to complex and be designed to foster students’ independence and creativity. Creative exercises
include solving problems in multiple ways, creating problems from expressions or diagrams, and
solving puzzles. Practical and lab work is especially effective in developing students' knowledge,
skills, independent thinking, and research abilities, broadening their imagination and knowledge.
Based on the experience of organizing mathematics lessons in primary schools of the
Kashkadarya region using modern pedagogical technologies, and our research, we propose the
following:
– Teachers should possess solid knowledge of modern pedagogical and information technologies
and continuously improve their methodological skills;
– Multimedia and supplementary materials used in math lessons should meet students' needs and
be sufficient in content and quantity;
– Each lesson should include well-explained didactic games, slightly updated with new elements
to maintain interest.
References
1.
Abdullayeva H.A., Bikboyeva N.U., et al. Primary Education Concept. – Tashkent:
"Boshlang‘ich ta’lim", 1998.
2.
G‘afforova T. Modern Pedagogical Technologies in Primary Education. – Tashkent:
"Tafakkur", 2011.
3.
Ochilov A. Differentiated Education and Stages of Logical Development and Their
Features. 2020, Issue 6/1, December, Nukus. mugallim-uzliksiz-bilim.uz
https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 2, 2025
690
.
METHODS OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN
PRIMARY GRADES AND WAYS TO USE THEM
EFFECTIVELY
Ochilov Akmal Eshtemirovich
International
Innovation
University,
Associate
Professor of the Department of Pedagogy, Doctor
Pedagogical Sciences.
МЕТОДЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ МАТЕМАТИКИ В
НАЧАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССАХ И СПОСОБЫ ИХ
ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ
Очилов Акмаль Эштемирович
Международный инновационный университет,
доцент
кафедры
педагогики,
доктор
педагогических наук.
E-mail:ochilovakmaleshtemirovich@gmail.com
Orcid:
Doi:
Tel: +998914736039
