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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TIMURID REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
S
afarova Shohsanam Bakhtiyor kizi,
Oriental University, History major
2nd year master's student
Place of work: International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan
11 Abdulla Qodiriy Street, Tashkent city
Tel: +998957008024
E-mail: safarovashohsanam133@gmail.com
Abstract:
The article discusses science, the education system, the activities of madrasahs,
libraries, scientific centers and the contribution of the Timurid queens to the development of
science and education during the Timurid era. The education system during the Timurid era is
analyzed in connection with the modern education system.
Keywords:
education, madrasah, science, Samarkand, sciences, Timurids, library, Mirzo
Ulugbek, books.
Introduction: The era of Amir Temur and the Timurids (14th–15th centuries) is one of the
important stages in the history of Central Asia in terms of the development of science, culture
and education. During this period, science and education became an important component of
state policy, and great attention was paid to the formation and development of a scientific
environment. Amir Temur and his descendants - in particular Mirzo Ulugbek - patronized
science, founded many madrasahs and libraries. Below are the main aspects of the activities of
educational institutions during this period. Amir Temur was a statesman who deeply understood
the importance of science for state governance and social development. In his work "Temur's
Regulations", he emphasizes the need to respect intelligent people, scholars, scientists and
experienced people, and to act on their advice. This attention was paid not only to the political
and military spheres, but also to education.
Main part: Amir Temur brought scholars and craftsmen from the conquered lands to cities such
as Samarkand, Bukhara, and Tashkent, trying to use their scientific and cultural potential. As a
result, these centers became major centers for the development of science and education. During
the Timurid era, rich libraries were established at the madrasas. These libraries stored works
written in Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages. The Mirzo Ulugbek Library was especially
famous, with many manuscripts collected here. In particular, Samarkand became the “Paris of
the East.” Libraries served not only as storage, but also as places for scientific research. In this
regard, education during the Timurid era was closely linked to scientific research. There is also
information in the Timurid palaces that indicates women's interest in science. Especially during
the reigns of Shahrukh Mirza and Ghiyasiddin Muhammad Babur, female scholars, writers, and
calligraphers worked in the palaces. Women such as the famous poetess and scholars Zaynab
Sultan Begim and Goharshod Begim were active in cultural life.
The era of Amir Temur and the Timurids was a high stage of development of educational
institutions in the Uzbek and Islamic world as a whole. During this period, not only religious, but
also secular sciences were taught in depth through madrasas, libraries, and scientific centers, and
scientific research was encouraged. Under the leadership of such learned rulers as Mirzo
Ulugbek, science and education rose to a high level, creating a solid foundation for future
generations.
One of the important aspects of the educational process during the Timurid era was an individual
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approach. Each student received not only theoretical knowledge from his teacher, but also
practical skills. The educational process was based on the tradition of a teacher-student
relationship, and the effectiveness of this system was very high. Scientific research was also an
integral part of the educational process. Today, some of the principles of the educational system
during the Timurid era are reflected in the modern educational model. For example, the practice-
based education system of that era is compatible with today's STEAM approach. Also, the
subjects taught in madrasas are consistent with today's principles of interdisciplinary integration.
Summary
:
The role of scientific centers and libraries of that time continues today through
universities and scientific research institutes. In conclusion, it is important today to further
improve the modern education system based on the experience of the Timurids and enrich
historical traditions with innovations. In conclusion, it is worth saying that the era of Amir
Temur and the Timurids is a unique period in world history in terms of the activities of
educational institutions, the development of science and cultural revival, which is based on a
deep state policy, respect for scientists, the integrity of the education system and the appreciation
of scientific heritage. The Timurids' legacy in this direction laid the foundation for the
subsequent Baburians and even the European Renaissance.
References:
1. Ikromova D. (2016). “The educational system in medieval madrasas”, National Heritage, No.
3.
2. Bartold, V. V. (2002). Turkestan in the era of Amir Temur. — Moscow: Nauka.
3. Ragep F. J. (2001). “Science in Islamic Societies”, Encyclopedia of the History of Science,
Cambridge University Press.
4. Bekchanov A. (2014). “The content of books in the Temurid libraries”, Journal of Scientific
Research, No. 1.
5. Komilov N. (2013). The cultural heritage of the Temurid era. Tashkent: Ma’naviyat, p. 89.
6. Ushenmez E. (2024). Lecture, Cultural Heritage Week on the theme “The Phenomenon of the
Eastern Renaissance: Kingdoms, Religions, Individuals and Civilizations”.
7. Sultonova F. (2025). "Smart, talented and brave", Xalq so'zi newspaper, No. 71.
