No. 6 (2025) Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations

Articles

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  FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG FAMILIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SWEDEN, GERMANY, FRANCE AND CANADA) This article provides an in-depth analysis of socio-economic support policies for young families, with a particular focus on parental leave systems, using the examples of Sweden, Germany, France, and the province of Quebec in Canada. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), the study examines the effectiveness of non-transferable paternity leave policies in these countries. In Sweden, the rate of fathers taking leave exceeds 90%, while in Quebec it is around 75–80%. These high participation rates have played a significant role in promoting gender equality, demographic stability, and increased female labor force participation. In contrast, despite the availability of parental leave in Germany and France, lower participation rates among fathers have hindered the achievement of the desired outcomes. The article explores the impacts of father-specific leave quotas on health, employment, and gender roles, and offers adaptable policy recommendations for other countries.

  Hasan Imomnazarov

  206-213

    

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  ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION AND MEASURES FOR ITS PROTECTION IN MACHINE-BUILDING This article discusses the causes of atmospheric air pollution and its negative impact on the biosphere and human health. It also addresses the amount of industrial and transport emissions, ways to reduce them, and the importance of purification devices and monitoring systems. Environmental protection is considered an urgent ecological issue.

  Mukhriddin Komilov

  214-216

    

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  BLOCKCHAIN-BASED DATA PROTECTION: EXPERIENCES IN USING MODERN CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTOCOLS This paper presents a hybrid blockchain–cryptography framework designed to ensure data privacy, integrity, and quantum-resilient security. By integrating Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), Homomorphic Encryption (HE), Multi-Party Computation (MPC), and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), the proposed model addresses emerging threats in decentralized environments. A comparative analysis of experimental results from 2019–2024 high-impact studies shows that hybrid architectures achieve an optimal balance between performance and security, with compliance to GDPR and HIPAA standards. The study concludes with future research directions, including hardware acceleration, interoperability, and quantum-adaptive consensus protocols[1].

  Ulug‘bek Raimov

  217-222

    

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  FEEDBACK SUPPORT SYSTEMS: THE ORETICAL BASIS This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of feedback support systems. The feedback process is considered as a means of enhancing efficiency in human-computer interaction, education, manufacturing, and service sectors. The paper examines the developmental stages of these systems, their scientific theories, and possibilities for integration with modern technologies. The theoretical foundations are studied in connection with cybernetics, communication theory, and pedagogical technologies. In addition, the importance of feedback systems in improving user experience and the principles of their effective operation are also highlighted.

  Shokhrukhbek Madaminov

  223-229

    

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  EXPLORING BLOCKCHAIN POTENTIAL IN UZBEKISTAN: A REVIEW Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and tamper-proof architecture, is rapidly transforming sectors such as finance, governance, and education worldwide. This review explores the global evolution and application of blockchain systems, with a special focus on their potential for Uzbekistan’s digital development. Drawing on international case studies and emerging technologies, the paper analyzes how blockchain can address challenges in transparency, data integrity, public services, and trust in digital ecosystems. Key considerations include implementation barriers, regulatory readiness, and infrastructure requirements. The study aims to provide a strategic overview for policymakers, technologists, and educators seeking to leverage blockchain innovations in the Uzbek context.

  Odiljon Atabaev

  230-233

    

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  INTEGRATION OF DAMAS ROUTES WITH BUS STATIONS Integration of Damas routes with bus stops will make the transport system more efficient and convenient. This integration ensures uninterrupted and fast communication for travelers, facilitates the transition between routes, and saves time. Also, through integration, it is possible to regulate passenger traffic and reduce the load on the city's internal transport system. This approach improves the quality of transport services, coordinates intercity and intra-city traffic, and contributes to ensuring environmental safety. This study analyzes the methods of effective communication between routes and stops.

  Mukhammadyakub Mansurov

  234-236

    

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  PARAMETERS OF THE WORKING SURFACE OF AUTOMOTIVE TRACTOR ENGINE PARTS IN THE ENGINE WORKING PROCESS Parameters of the working surface of parts of automotive and tractor engines play an important role in the efficient operation of the engine. Working surfaces, such as piston, cylinder, and valve surfaces, their smoothness, rigidity, and dimensions determine the engine's performance. Optimal working surfaces contribute to effective control of temperature and pressure in the working medium, reducing friction. Also, the surface parameters increase service life and reduce the risk of malfunctions. Therefore, ensuring the quality of the working surfaces and their correct adjustment guarantees uninterrupted and reliable engine operation.

  Ilkhomjon Kasimov

  237-240

    

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  ANALYSIS OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN FERGANA REGION One of the main current and future issues is ensuring road safety, which is aimed at reducing the number of road accidents, the number of fatalities and injuries, and the overall socio-economic damage caused.

  Abdulaziz Meliquziyev

  241-246

    

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  THE IMPACT OF THEATRICAL PLAYS ON YOUTH EDUCATION This article explores the role and influence of theatrical plays in shaping the moral, cultural, and intellectual development of youth. The study examines how stage performances serve as an effective educational tool, fostering creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence among young audiences. By analyzing both classical and contemporary works, the research highlights the ability of theatrical art to instill ethical values, enhance social awareness, and encourage active civic participation. The findings emphasize that theater, as a form of artistic expression, plays a significant role in building a well-rounded and socially responsible young generation.

  Hulkar Jo‘rayeva

  247-249

    

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  BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS DERIVED FROM AROMATIC TERTIARY AMINES Reactions between pyridine and certain esters of monochloroacetic acid were carried out to obtain quaternary ammonium salts. As a result of these reactions, a quaternary ammonium salt of pyridine was synthesized. The optimal reaction conditions were studied, and the yields of the resulting salts were calculated. Although chitosan is known for its high biological activity, its limited solubility in water restricts its range of applications. Therefore, the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts based on chitosan is considered an important reaction. A novel quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was synthesized using the quaternary ammonium salt of pyridine. The resulting cationic chitosan derivative exhibited antibacterial properties. The synthesized compounds were analyzed using physicochemical methods, including IR and NMR spectroscopy. The results confirmed the formation of the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan.

  Arziqul Panjiyev, Baxtiyor Bo‘rixonov, Iskandar Allaberdiyev

  250-256

    

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  AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THE OGHUZ DIALECTS AND THE TURKMEN LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS This article provides a detailed discussion of the relationship between the Oghuz dialects and the Turkmen language and its dialects. Systematization of the collected factual sources proves the validity of the points presented below, and based on these, the polysemantic words occurring in the Oghuz Uzbek dialects and in the Turkmen language and its dialects have been classified into the following groups: Words common to the Oghuz dialect and Turkmen dialects, but not found in the Turkmen literary language; Words used in common in the Uzbek literary language, the Oghuz dialect, and the dialects of the Turkmen language; Words common to the Oghuz dialect and the Turkmen dialects, but used through other forms of lexical units in the Uzbek and Turkmen literary languages; Words common to the Turkmen dialects and the Uzbek literary language, as compared to the Oghuz dialect and the Turkmen literary language. Examples of polysemantic words corresponding to each group are provided.

  Mokhira Sa’dullayeva

  257-261

    

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  DEVELOPING FOR TRANSIT TRANSPORT IN UZBEKISTAN This article examines the development of transit transport in Uzbekistan, focusing on its strategic location and potential as a regional transport hub. The paper analyzes current infrastructure projects, including road, rail, and logistics networks, and evaluates government initiatives aimed at improving connectivity and trade flow. Emphasis is placed on international cooperation, investment opportunities, and the role of transit transport in boosting economic growth. The study also highlights existing challenges such as regulatory barriers and infrastructure modernization. Recommendations are made to enhance efficiency, regional integration, and Uzbekistan's position in global transit corridors.

  Kakhramonjon Mirzayev

  262-263

    

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  SEMI- GUIDANTS AND THIN LAYER FILMS In this article, we have examined methods for creating an optical radiation primer (OPI) based on a core AFN film with enhanced light sensitivity and reliability of operation.

  K. Mirzaev

  264-266

    

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  AERODYNAMIC TESTING OF CLAY-MODELED AUTOMOTIVE PROTOTYPES Aerodynamic testing plays a vital role in the early stages of automotive design, enabling engineers to optimize drag, lift, and stability before committing to costly production tooling. While Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides valuable insights, physical wind tunnel testing remains the gold standard for validation. This paper examines the use of clay-modeled prototypes in aerodynamic testing, emphasizing the importance of lightweight construction through hollow-core designs to enhance testing efficiency. Practical considerations in wind tunnel operation, scaling, and model preparation are discussed, with a focus on improving the accuracy of aerodynamic data in the initial phases of vehicle development.

  Dostonbek Ergashev

  267-270

    

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  APPLICATION OF CFD SOFTWARE IN AUTOMOTIVE AERODYNAMICS Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has evolved into an essential methodology within the field of automotive aerodynamics, enabling detailed investigation of airflow characteristics, aerodynamic forces, and thermal management strategies without the prohibitive costs associated with physical wind tunnel testing. This paper provides an in-depth review of contemporary CFD software employed in the automotive sector, encompassing both commercial and open-source solutions. The discussion integrates technical performance, modeling capabilities, and practical deployment scenarios, supported by comparative analysis and literature-based validation. Results indicate that while commercial platforms deliver superior integration, optimized solvers, and user support, open-source solutions remain indispensable in research-oriented environments due to their adaptability and cost efficiency.

  Dostonbek Ergashev

  271-275

    

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  ADVANTAGES OF USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN TRANSPORT NETWORKS Renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal energy and biofuels) are playing an important role in the global energy system. The use of these sources in transportation networks allows for environmentally friendly and efficient vehicles such as cars, buses, trains and even ships.

  G‘. Bahodirov

  276-278

    

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  ADVANTAGES OF USING POLYMER MATERIALS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Mechanical engineering, as one of the important branches of modern industry, relies on the use of various materials. In recent years, polymer materials have been widely used in mechanical engineering. These materials are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and economical to manufacture, allowing them to partially or completely replace metals. In Uzbekistan, in particular, UzAuto Motors and its suppliers of spare parts are developing the use of polymer materials.

  G‘. Bahodirov

  279-281

    

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• INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITIES AND APPLICATION OF THE AUTOCAD SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR CREATING ELECTRONIC VERSIONS OF TEXTBOOKS FOR THE COURSE “ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS” This article provides examples to show that AutoCAD (Computer Aided Design (CAD)) has been and remains a powerful tool for technical graphics. Since Autodesk is a pioneer in the commercially available CAD market, Autodesk has developed CAD principles (which can be used by relatively untrained users), the nature and scope of commands, the sequence and specifics of their implementation. In terms of technical characteristics, AutoCAD is a complete tool that covers the entire range of functions in the area of the course "Engineering and Computer Graphics".

  Mahmudbek Begijonov

  282-286

    
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  THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING WITH MULTIMEDIA TOOLS IN UZBEKISTAN Education reforms in Uzbekistan are increasingly focused on aligning with global educational standards. This paper investigates the pivotal role of creativity and innovation in teaching methodologies that utilize multimedia tools. It specifically examines how infographics and multimedia platforms foster student engagement, critical thinking, and global citizenship skills. The study addresses disparities in technological access between urban and rural areas and offers evidence-based recommendations for embedding multimedia-driven creative pedagogies into the national curriculum.

  Guli Bekchanova

  287-292

    

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  ISSUES OF ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF CITIES AROUND THE WORLD This article analyzes the environmental problems facing world cities and the strategies being applied to solve them. Attention is paid to such pressing issues as atmospheric pollution, waste management, the reduction of green spaces, water and soil pollution. The experience of developed and developing countries is also comparatively studied. The article highlights the importance of ensuring environmental sustainability, developing green infrastructure, and environmental management systems, and emphasizes the principles of environmentally safe urban development.

  Murodjon Khaydarov

  293-295

    

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• ANALYSIS OFANALYSIS OF ROAD TRAFFIC INCIDENTS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF PEDESTRIANS IN THE ANDIJAN REGION ROAD TRAFFIC INCIDENTS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF PEDESTRIANS IN THE ANDIJAN REGION In this article, systematic measures are being taken in our Republic to ensure road safety and prevent road accidents, including those involving pedestrians and children. At the same time, as a result of insufficient conditions in the road infrastructure, pedestrian movement on the roadway negatively affects road safety.

  Abdumannob Giyasidinov

  296-299

    
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  EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS ON FUEL MOLECULES In this article, the influence of external magnetic and electric fields on fuel molecules, their role in changing the molecular structure, and their contribution to optimizing the combustion process are scientifically analyzed. The possibilities of improving the physicochemical properties of fuel and increasing engine efficiency are highlighted through the fields.

  Zokhidullo Makhammadjonov

  300-302

    

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  GAMEFICATION METHOD FOR TEENAGE LEARNERS (AT SCHOOL) This study investigates the impact of gamification on teenage learners in secondary school education. Gamification, defined as the use of game-based elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and quests in non-game contexts, has recently gained popularity in educational practice. The research was conducted with 60 students aged 14–16, divided into an experimental group exposed to gamified instruction and a control group taught through traditional methods. Over an eight-week period, data were collected through motivation surveys, academic performance tests, and classroom observations. The results indicated that students in the gamified group demonstrated significantly higher motivation, improved test scores, and greater classroom participation compared to their peers in the control group. Qualitative feedback also revealed positive perceptions of gamification, with learners describing lessons as more engaging and enjoyable. However, some students expressed concerns about the competitive nature of leaderboards, suggesting the need for balanced design strategies. Overall, the findings confirm that gamification can effectively enhance teenage students’ motivation and learning outcomes when applied thoughtfully. The study recommends further research on the long-term effects of gamification and its adaptation across different cultural and curricular contexts.

  Gulchiroy Ismoilova

  303-307

    

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  HARNESSING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION FOR STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY OF UZBEKISTAN’S PUBLIC SECTOR Digital transformation has become essential for modernizing public services and governance systems. In Uzbekistan, e-government initiatives under the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" framework signify a crucial step in improving transparency, efficiency, and service accessibility. The findings of this research reveal that Uzbekistan has made substantial progress in digitizing public services, particularly in urban areas, where platforms such as my.gov.uz have significantly streamlined bureaucratic processes and enhanced accessibility. However, critical challenges remain, including a pronounced digital divide between urban and rural areas, where limited infrastructure and internet access hinder e-government adoption. Cybersecurity measures are insufficient to fully protect sensitive public data, posing risks of breaches and undermining trust in digital platforms. Additionally, the lack of digital literacy among public sector employees and citizens significantly affects the effectiveness and sustainability of these initiatives. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered from government reports, policy documents, academic literature, and interviews with IT professionals and government officials. The findings reveal significant progress in digitizing public services, especially in urban areas, but underscore persistent challenges such as rural infrastructure gaps, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and limited digital literacy. Addressing these issues through strategic investments and policy adjustments is critical to achieving a sustainable and inclusive digital transformation.

  D Alfira

  308-316

    

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  BASICS OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC MACHINES BY VIBRATION This article analyzes the basics of preventive maintenance of electrical machines for vibration in the automotive industry. In particular, it examines the sources and causes of vibration, types of vibration, vibration activity and noise, and the causes of their occurrence. It analyzes and proposes methods for solving problems of ensuring noiseless and reliable operation of electrical machines depending on their type, which directly affects the resource of electrical machines, production profitability, downtime of production machines, and equipment performance.

  Kahramon Mirzaev

  317-319

    

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