№ 6 (2025) Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations

Статьи

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  PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF FACILITATING THE MODERN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL PROCESS BASED ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE CURRICULA The main goal of the reforms being implemented in the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan today is to educate a well-rounded individual, to form the knowledge, skills and qualifications of the younger generation based on national and universal values. Preschool education is considered the most important link in this system and constitutes the initial stage of development of the child's personality. For this reason, it is of great importance to organize the educational process based on modern approaches.

  махлиё Ганиева

  94-96

    

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  LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY AND ITS ROLE IN TIME PERCEPTION This subchapter explores the role of linguistic relativity in shaping time perception, with particular focus on how grammatical structures, lexical choices, and cultural metaphors influence temporal cognition. Drawing on the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and Slobin’s “thinking for speaking” framework, it examines variations in temporal reference systems, tense marking, and aspect across languages, and how these differences affect memory, planning, and event sequencing. Empirical evidence from cross‐linguistic studies, bilingualism research, psycholinguistic experiments, and neuroimaging reveals that language can modulate the perception and organization of time, though the extent of this influence remains contested. The discussion addresses both strong and weak interpretations of linguistic relativity, considering universal cognitive mechanisms alongside culturally mediated differences. Practical implications for cross‐cultural communication and clinical contexts are highlighted, as well as future research directions involving interdisciplinary methodologies and the influence of digital communication on temporal cognition.

  Джасмина Оллоназарова

  97-101

    

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  WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH SORBENTS MADE OF MODIFIED VERMICULITE AND ORGAN VERMICULITE The article investigates the modified Vermiculite with chitosan and adsorption capacity of organ sorbent based on. This paper investigates the efficiency of wastewater treatment using sorbents based on modified vermiculite and organ vermiculite. Vermiculite, a layered aluminosilicate with high cation exchange capacity and thermal stability, was chemically and thermally modified to enhance its adsorption properties. Additionally, surface modification with organic compounds was applied to obtain organ vermiculite with increased affinity for organic pollutants. The sorption capacity of both materials was evaluated for removing heavy metals (such as Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) and organic contaminants (such as phenols and dyes) from industrial and domestic wastewater. Experimental results demonstrated that organ vermiculite exhibited higher sorption efficiency toward organic pollutants, while thermally modified vermiculite was more effective in capturing heavy metal ions. The study confirms the potential of using natural and modified vermiculite-based sorbents as cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for advanced wastewater treatment applications.

  Н Умаров , М Нарзуллаева

  102-105

    

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  AI-DRIVEN PERSONALIZATION IN DIGITAL BANKING IN UZBEKISTAN: ENHANCING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION THROUGH TAILORED SOLUTIONS This article explores the transformative role of AI-driven personalization in the digital banking sector, focusing on its dual impact on enhancing customer experience and advancing financial inclusion. Through a review of literature and international case studies, the study identifies key AI technologies, such as machine learning for product recommendations and AI-powered credit scoring, as instrumental in tailoring financial services. The research also addresses critical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and a lack of proper governance. Finally, it contextualizes these global insights within the emerging market of Uzbekistan, highlighting the unique opportunities and barriers to responsible AI adoption in the region.

  Навруза Каримова

  102-106

    

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  CURRENT CHALLENGES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDHOOD BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AT THE PRIMARY HEALTHCARE LEVEL AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT Introduction: Bronchial asthma (BA) is a leading chronic respiratory disease in children, yet its diagnosis at the primary healthcare level is often delayed, leading to poorer outcomes. This study aimed to identify the key challenges in the timely diagnosis of childhood BA in the primary care setting and to propose effective strategies for improvement. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted involving 305 children in Andijan region, Uzbekistan. The study included a main group of 125 children (mean age 7 years) diagnosed with BA, a control group of 125 clinically healthy children (mean age 7 years) with a history of early-life wheezing, and a working group of 55 young children (mean age 3 years) with bronchial obstruction syndrome. Data were collected through retrospective analysis of medical records, prospective clinical-anamnestic evaluation, immunological assays (serum IgE), functional diagnostics (spirometry), and allergological tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The average delay in BA diagnosis was found to be 2.8 ± 1.2 years after the onset of initial symptoms. Key reasons for delayed diagnosis included misinterpretation of recurrent wheezing as "obstructive bronchitis" (68% of cases), limited use of objective diagnostic tools like spirometry in children under 6 (55%), and low awareness of predictive risk factors among primary care pediatricians (45%). Children with a delayed diagnosis demonstrated significantly lower FEV1 scores (p < 0.05) and higher total IgE levels (p < 0.01) compared to those diagnosed early. An implemented electronic diagnostic support tool, based on a predictive model of risk factors, showed a 40% improvement in diagnostic accuracy for the working group. Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of childhood BA at the primary care level is a significant problem driven by clinical, functional, and educational barriers. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach, including targeted training for pediatricians, wider implementation of age-appropriate functional diagnostics, and the integration of predictive digital support tools into routine clinical practice.

  Ботиржон Зокиров

  113-118

    

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  HUTCHINSON AND WATERS’ ESP MATERIALS DESIGN MODEL In the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), it is essential to create successful instructional materials that cater to the specific requirements of students. In their groundbreaking book "English for Specific Purposes: A Learning-Centred Approach," Hutchinson and Waters present one of the most important models for the creation of ESP materials. Their model offers a cyclical structure for material design that prioritizes adaptability, learner relevance, and the combination of content, language, and task-based learning. This article provides examples of how Hutchinson and Water's ESP model can be implemented in higher education, as well as how CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) can be applied to specific disciplines within the university.

  Рано Рахмонова

  119-124

    

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  STUDYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DRUG MATRIN BIO 0.5% V.R. IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ONION FLY AND THRIPS ON ONIONS The dangerous pest Matrin Bio 0.5% w.r. proved to be an effective remedy in the fight against onion fly and thrips at a rate of 1.0-1.5 l/ha on onions. At the specified rate of consumption, the preparation Matrin Bio 0.5% w.r. does not have a toxic effect on the growth and development of plants.

  Бакхтиёр Акрамов , Асомидин Холлиев , Истам Саидов , Ойбек Усвалиев

  125-129

    

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  DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF GIRLS' ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS THROUGH CHOREOGRAPHIC EXERCISE In this work, research was conducted on the importance of choreographic exercises in the development of physical qualities of young artistic gymnasts. Information is provided on the methods of developing motor skills using choreographic means.

  Мафтуна Фаркходова

  130-134

    

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  FEATURES OF DEVELOPING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF YOUNG ARTISTIC GYMNASTS In this work, a scientific study was conducted on the methodology for the development of physical fitness indicators of young artistic gymnasts. The effectiveness of the means and methods of developing the physical qualities of artistic gymnasts has been proven in practice.

  Озодахон Аширова

  135-138

    

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  INFLAMMATION AS A CENTRAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM IN HUMAN DISEASES Inflammation is a fundamental biological response to harmful stimuli such as infection, tissue injury, and toxins. While acute inflammation serves as a protective mechanism, uncontrolled or chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases including cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune conditions, cancer, and neurodegeneration. This paper explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation, its dual role in health and disease, and its significance as a therapeutic target. Through a systematic review of experimental and clinical studies, the study highlights how dysregulated inflammatory pathways can transform a protective response into a driving force of chronic pathology.

  Нозимжон Ваккасов

  139-142

    

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  CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: CHALLENGES AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most serious global health threats of the 21st century, compromising the effectiveness of essential drugs and increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Clinical pharmacology plays a vital role in understanding the mechanisms, optimizing therapeutic regimens, and developing new strategies to counteract resistance. This paper examines the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles underlying antimicrobial therapy, highlights the clinical challenges posed by resistant pathogens, and explores future therapeutic perspectives. The study underscores the importance of individualized therapy, stewardship programs, and novel drug discovery in mitigating the global burden of AMR.

  Бобир Ракхимов, Дилором Ракхимова

  143-146

    

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  CAUSES OF DELAYED DIAGNOSIS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN AND ITS CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES Objective: To identify the primary causes of delayed diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children and to assess the impact of this delay on the clinical course and outcomes of the disease. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 450 medical records of children (aged 6-16) with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, who were followed at a specialized pediatric center. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Early Diagnosis, n=210), diagnosed within 12 months of symptom onset, and Group 2 (Late Diagnosis, n=240), diagnosed more than 24 months after symptom onset. Data on initial misdiagnoses and clinical outcomes (frequency of exacerbations, number of hospitalizations, need for oral corticosteroids (OCS), and pulmonary function (FEV1%)) were collected and compared. Results: The average diagnostic delay in Group 2 was 3.8 ± 1.5 years. The most common misdiagnosis preceding the correct asthma diagnosis was "recurrent obstructive bronchitis" (71% of cases in Group 2). Children in the Late Diagnosis group had significantly worse clinical outcomes: a higher annual rate of severe exacerbations (2.1 ± 0.8 vs. 0.5 ± 0.4 in Group 1; p<0.001), more frequent hospitalizations (1.5 ± 0.6 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1 per year; p<0.001), a greater need for OCS courses (3.2 ± 1.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.5 per year; p<0.001), and lower FEV1% predicted values at the time of diagnosis (75% ± 8% vs. 89% ± 6%; p<0.001). Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children leads to a more severe clinical course, characterized by frequent exacerbations, increased hospitalizations, and poorer lung function. The primary reason for the delay is the misinterpretation of asthma symptoms as recurrent respiratory infections. Improving the knowledge of primary care physicians on modern asthma guidelines and raising parental awareness are crucial steps to ensure timely diagnosis and prevent adverse long-term outcomes.

  Ботиржон Зокиров

  150-154

    

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  PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL Enterprise reporting is expressed through the results of work performed within a certain period. Enterprise reports are prepared based on information collected relying on operational, statistical, and accounting report values.

  Фуркат Рахмонов

  155-157

    

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