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IN TURKESTAN PRIVATE NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINES APPEARANCE TO BE ,
CENSORSHIP AND TELEGRAPH AGENCIES HISTORY
Yaminkhon Askarxodjayev
Tashkent State Technical University
Almalyk Branch "Social – humanities and languages"
teacher of the department
Annotation.
19th century end and the 20th century at the beginning Turkestan country socio-
political, economic and cultural in life important there have been changes. This era press
development new stage as both left a mark in history. Initial official publications in line private
newspaper and magazines appearance to be, printing houses of the number increase, information
of exchange expansion in the country public your opinion to the formation big impact showed.
With that together, four government strict censorship policy and information distribution
mechanisms, including telegraph agencies activity press development by designating gave
This analysis In Turkestan private of the press to the surface arrival, role of censorship and
telegraph agencies information in exchange the importance to study is dedicated.
ТУРКИСТОНДА ХУСУСИЙ ГАЗЕТА ВА ЖУРНАЛЛАРНИНГ ПАЙДО БЎЛИШИ,
ЦЕНЗУРА ВА ТЕЛЕГРАФ АГЕНТЛИКЛАРИ ТАРИХИ
XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Turkiston o‘lkasi ijtimoiy-siyosiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy
hayotida muhim o‘zgarishlar yuz berdi. Bu davr matbuot rivojining yangi bosqichi sifatida ham
tarixda iz qoldirdi. Dastlabki rasmiy nashrlar qatorida xususiy gazeta va jurnallarning paydo
bo‘lishi, bosmaxonalar sonining ortishi, axborot almashinuvining kengayishi o‘lkada
jamoatchilik fikrining shakllanishiga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatdi. Shu bilan birga, chor hukumatining
qattiq senzura siyosati va axborot tarqatish mexanizmlari, jumladan, telegraf agentliklarining
faoliyati matbuot taraqqiyotini belgilab berdi. Ushbu tahlil Turkistonda xususiy matbuotning
yuzaga kelishi, senzuraning roli va telegraf agentliklarining axborot almashinuvidagi ahamiyatini
o‘rganishga bag‘ishlanadi.
ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ ЧАСТНЫХ ГАЗЕТ И ЖУРНАЛОВ В ТУРКЕСТАНЕ,
ИСТОРИЯ ЦЕНЗУРЫ И ТЕЛЕГРАФНЫХ АГЕНТСТВ
В конце XIX — начале XX веков в общественно-политической, экономической и
культурной жизни Туркестанского края произошли существенные изменения. Этот
период также оставил свой след в истории как новый этап в развитии печати.
Возникновение частных газет и журналов наряду с первыми официальными
изданиями, увеличение числа типографий, расширение информационного обмена оказали
большое влияние на формирование общественного мнения в стране. В то же время
жесткая цензурная политика царского правительства и механизмы распространения
информации, в том числе деятельность телеграфных агентств, определили развитие
печати. Данный анализ посвящен изучению возникновения частной прессы в
Туркестане, роли цензуры и значения телеграфных агентств в информационном обмене.
Methodology
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This analysis methodological the base historical-descriptive (descriptive) and analytical approach
organization The article in writing Uzbekistan journalism to the history due from sources, in
particular, Dostkaraev B. “Uzbekistan journalism history”from the work taken to the information
relied on . Analysis in the process of the era to oneself characteristic features are important
publications activity, censorship policy evolution and telegraph agencies information in
distribution place was studied. Available information systemic in a way analysis done, historical
in context private the role of the press and importance open given.
Initially private publications:
“Okraina”
(Samarkand): in 1890 in Russian removed first private newspaper. Editor and
publisher N. V. Poltoranov was Political, social and literary on the way has been a “political”
term since 1894 take thrown Initially daily, later per week came out two or three times. Since
1894 editorial office To Tashkent moved Geography, history, economy, people on newspaper
pages to education due articles, local messages and theater reviews printed. “Okraina” is private
was for government from newspapers relatively liberality with separated was standing, but
Russia's invasion policy supported.
“Ashkhabad”
(Ashkhabad): 1898 January 1918
until May publication done
Literary,
political, commercial publication long, long term Z.D. Javrov editorial did
Weekly with
pictures appendix both was More newspapers Transcaspian of the province his life illuminated
and advanced on the way publication calculated. It is
INTRODUCTION
“Russian Turkestan”
: from 1898 to 1907 publication done private newspaper. Editors I.I.
Geyer, A.A. Smorguner and others was
Local studies, Turkestan and Seven Seas cities to
study dedicated articles, local news, theater- music reviews and feuilletons printed in 1905 from
December Bolshevik M.V. Morozov is the editor After all, the newspaper is Bolshevist soul
received. Persecution and oppression in 1907 due to from the publication stopped.
“Zakaspiyskoe obozrenie”
(Ashkhabad): 1895-1913 years between print done official from
publications one
Political, social, trade-industry and It was a literary newspaper at first per
week three times, since 1897 everyday published in 1903-1910 Persian named “Mejumin -
Maveran - Bahri – Khazar”. with pictures appendix both was The newspaper is advanced
views supported and local administration orders, economy and to culture due articles, art works
print has done.
Censorship:
Censorship procedures in Russia in the 19th century from the beginning increasingly went In
1826, Nicholas I on censorship new the charter establishment to open magazines and newspapers
for personally from the emperor permission obtainable was In 1848, under the chairmanship of
Buturlin, “book publication to do soul and direction according to spiritual and political in terms
of supreme control for” a committee was formed. This two bilateral censorship system created
by: initial (warning) censorship and censorship over censorship. in 1865 law the press further to
squeeze to take the right gave
In 1882 “Press about temporary the law” was approved,
newspapers stop and of the authors name sheriff known to do Law of Internal Affairs to the
minister given.
In Turkestan also the issue of censorship current was In 1881 N. Ostroumov Governor General
of Turkestan in the presence of local censorship committee establishment to do offer did, but this
offer reception not done and every one publication for to appoint a special censor decision
given
in 1883 no local censorship done, all local publications from the main censorship
committee in St. Petersburg permission obtainable It was. situation local to the press serious
negative impact shown. In 1905-1907 revolutionary actions because of government censorship to
soften forced was and local publications for censors appointed. First world war at the beginning,
in 1914 Turkestan country " emergency protection " in the case of " announcement done and all
local publications military from censorship passed.
Telegraph agencies:
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Wednesday government in 1881 the press to oneself acceptable materials with provision for the
purpose of central telegraph agency organization did of the agency task the news government
institutions , newspaper editorial offices and private to subscribers delivery to give was in 1881
in October of the Russian Telegraph Agency in Tashkent department organization done , but this
event to do in 1882, not later than Northern Telegraph Agency organization done Newspaper
in Turkestan and magazines mainly that agency
messages with provided
In 1894 state In
1915, it was owned by the Russian Telegraph Agency Petrograd Telegraph Agency (PTA) was
created came in Turkestan separate local newspaper and magazines both present agency from
the services used .
Conclusion
Conclusion as In other words, the 19th century late 20th century at the beginning In Turkestan
private newspaper and magazines appearance to be of the country social and cultural in life
noticeable changes bringing released. Like "Okraina", " Ashkhabad ", "Russian Turkestan".
publications local information place enriched and public to the mind impact showed. With that
together, four government strict censorship policy press freedom limited editions
to the
activity obstacle did Censorship procedures change of the era political events, in particular,
revolutionary actions with organ related it happened Telegraph agencies organization being and
of the news fast spread provided by the press information potential increased. In this period press
development Turkestan next historical to the processes ground created important from factors
one as service did.
REFERENCES
1.
Abduazizova N. Turkestan of the press history T .: Academy . 2000.
2.
Dustkaraev B. “ Uzbekistan journalism history " 1-2009. Pages : 96-107.
3.
Pidayev T. Uzbekistan of the press past and history // “ Uzbekistan " Press " magazine ,
1996 , issues 1.2.3.
4.
Askarkhodjayev Yaminkhan DIFFERENCES OF IDEAS UNDER THE INFLUENCE
OF SOCIO-POLITICAL PROCESSES IN SOCIETY .
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Askarhodzhayev Yaminkhon. TYuRKSKIE NARODY SREDNEY AZII. LUCHSHIE
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