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FORMATION OF ECONOMIC TERMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
LANGUAGES
Djumambetova G.K.
Nukus, Uzbekistan
PhD student, Berdakh Karakalpak State University
Abstract:
This article is devoted to the study of morphological analysis of economic
terms in Uzbek and English languages. Researching the terminological system units of
the Uzbek and English language related to the field of economy shows that it is urgent
problems which are facing linguists in current time. The main reason is that the rapid
development of science and technology, it does not remain without its influence, as a
result of which new neologisms, terms are appearing in the field of economy.
Key words:
economic terms, formation, Uzbek and English languages, suffixes
Introduction
It is known that economy plays an important role in any society. For this reason,
the words and terms related to the economy should be clear and concise. The rapid
development of science and technology, production, globalization and integration
processes in the countries of the world lead to the intensive development of world
languages and the emergence of new terms. It should be noted separately that as a result
of the effective use of the rich experience gained in world linguistics, it is still essential to
research economic terms.
In recent years, the word «term» has become the most important object of research
in Uzbek and world linguistics. The well-known Uzbek linguist S.Usmanov defines the
term as follows; «A term is a word or phrase in a stable state that conveys a specific
meaning even when taken outside of a sentence.» A group of scientists analyze the
features of the term within the framework of the function of the lexical unit. The results
of scientific analyzes in the field of linguistics show that all real and non-real realities in
the world are continuously interacting. This law of natural processes asserts that there is
always a correlation from the smallest to the largest. The relationship between humanity
and the nature that surrounds it is so natural that one of them cannot develop without the
other. Through the results of our analysis, we should note that although the linguistic
units that have emerged in the field of linguistics are used separately, individually or
independently according to their specific form, they are syntagmatically and
paradigmatically related to each other. Regardless of whether the lexical units in the field
of linguistics are large or small, simple or complex, together they form the basis of a
whole, i.e. integrated lexical system and interact within this system.
Radical changes, reforms and innovations have been observed in all aspects of
social life in the years of independence in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Especially,
implementation of five basic principles of transition to a socially-oriented free market
economy during reforms has enabled the country to achieve desired results, provide
sustainable economic growth and improve national welfare in a short historical period.
Undoubtedly, these processes show that more neologisms that serve the market economy
is increasing. A certain part of them is based on the capabilities of our mother tongue-
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Uzbek language and a certain part of it is internationalized is being used. When we study
the English and Uzbek economic terms, it is obvious that there are many economic terms
formed and appeared by different ways. Many terms have been based on the capabilities
of Uzbek language. Here is a group of terms with ready-made alternatives in Uzbek is
being given, and a certain part is being translated and used, and a part is being made
based on the laws of the Uzbek language. Another way is that international terms are
assimilated into Uzbek language. At this point, it is necessary to emphasize that it is
difficult to find an Uzbek alternative to all the terms. Therefore, most of them are used in
its original form in one form, and this usage is universal and convenient for businessmen
to exchange information. For example: corruption-korrupsiya, credit-kredit, export-
eksport, grant-grant, auditor-auditor, leasing-lizing, manager-menedjer, license-
litsenziya, businessman-biznesmen, non-resident-norezident.
In comparison with English language, affixation is a productive linguistic
phenomenon in creating lexical units. English economic terms are not an exception of
this linguistic process, on the contrary, the affixation method became more active. In
addition to the word-forming method of affixation in the formation of English terms
related to the field of economy, there are various linguistic elements in determining the
frame of terms. In English, there are several types of formation of economic terms, one of
them is-affixation. It is the morphological process by which bound morphemes are
attached to a roots or stems to mark changes in meaning, part of speech, or grammatical
relationships. Affixes take on several forms and serve different functions. In English
language, suffixes -ing, -ment, -tion, er are active which form economic terms. For
example,
-ing
suffix; counseiling, accounting, banking, buying, pricing
-ment
suffix;
payment, abatement, requirement, adjustment, prepayment, procurement
-tion
suffix;
inflation, privitazation, accretion, accumulation, addition, adulteration, agglomeration,
counterbonification, accumulation, reflation
-er
suffix; counter, banker, buyer, bargainer,
lender, exporter, evader, bearer, payer.
The suffixes -ing, -ment, -tion in English language correspond to the suffix -(i)sh
which forms the name of the action in Uzbek. These suffixes play active role in order to
form terms related to the economy in the Uzbek language. For example; Financ
ing
-
mablag‘ ajrat
ish,
note circula
tion
-banknotlar aylan
ish
i,examina
tion
-tekshirish, list
ing
-
ro’yxat tuz
ish,
account
ing
-hisobga ol
ish.
The suffix
-iy(-viy)
may correspond to the
suffix
-al,
in English languge. For example; financial-moliyaviy, economical-iqtisodiy,
local-mahalliy.
In the process of comparing English economic terms with Uzbek, special attention
was paid to the lexical-semantic features of the terms, and their isomorphic-allomorphic
aspects were determined. For example, English economic terms contain the prefixes -
non, -un, -in, -dis,-re which are prefixes that create a grammatical form, express negation
and the antonym of the concept understood from the base word. For example; non-profit,
non-interest, non-tariff, uneffective, untaxable, unaltered, unpayable, non-permissive,
unpaid, undelivered, undurable, uncleared, disbalance, dissolution, disorder,
disproportion, disinflation. These affixes correspond to the Uzbek suffixes -siz, -mas, -
maydigan, which express the sign of the existence of quantity, process, or reality. The
differential sign of these suffixes in the Uzbek language is not at the beginning of the
word, but at the end. For example; foydasiz (chora, jarima), foyizsiz (kredit), tarifsiz(
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to‘siqlar), o‘zgarmaydigan(narx), to‘lay olmaydigan(soliq to‘lovchi), nazoratsiz,
infliyatsasiz, to‘lovsiz etc.
The preposition –of also participates actively in the English language using model
N+of+N. For example; merger of equals, method of payment, span of control, inflation of
money, price of product, value of currency, cost of goods, deposit of money. By adding
the suffix -ning to the first component of the compound terms in the Uzbek language can
be an alternative to the compound terms, which are, used the preposition -of in the
English language. For exampler; inflation
of
money- pul
ning
qadirsizlanishi, cost
of
goods- tovar
ning
qiymati, reduction
of
price- narx
ning
pasayishi, value
of
currency-
valyuta
ning
qiymati, return
of
debt- qarz
ning
qaytarilishq. Additionaly, in uzbek
language, the affix
–noma
is used in text, letters in the economic terminological system;
omonatnoma, shartnoma, yo’riqnoma, ruxsatnoma, so’rovnoma, topshiriqnoma.
Suffixes such as –ma,-ish,-chilik,-lik,-gar,-dor,- take an active part in forming
economic terms in Uzbek language. For example; g’amlama, ustama, birlashma, tuzilma,
buyurtma, bo’linma, undirma, xususiylashtirish, barqarorlashtirish, sog’lomlashtirish,
himoyalash, aksionerlashtirish, tijoratlashtirish, mahsuldorlik, mulkdorlik, aksiyadorlik,
samaradorlik, unumdorlik, taqchillik, tanqislik, mulkchilik, foydalilik, boqimandalik,
manfaatdorlik, mahsuldorlik, mulkdorlik, aksiyadorlik, samaradorlik, unumdorlik,
mulkdor, xaridor, qarzdor, nasiyador, sarmoyador, hissador etc.
To conclude, all forms of private ownership, market economy are developing in
the world, as a result of which trade among countries is developing rapidly. Export and
import works are being carried out which requires the knowledge of foreign languages. It
is also vital to understand economic terms, neologisms in order to be aware of modern
systems in this regard. Moreover, analysis shows that in any era, in any society,
consequence of discoveries and the improvement of new information technologies may
cause the development of terms.
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