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SECTION 4.
MODERN ISSUES IN
COMPARATIVE AND
TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES OF
LANGUAGES
4-BÓLIM.
TILLERDI SALÍSTÍRMALÍ HÁM
TIPOLOGIYALÍQ IZERTLEWDIŃ
ZAMANAGÓY
MÁSELELERI
DIACHRONIC ANALYSYS OF ECONOMIC TERMS IN ENGLISH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES
Akhmedov O.S.
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
DSc in Philology
Professor, Uzbekistan State University of World Languages
+998946187802
Djumambetova G.K.
Nukus, Uzbekistan
PhD student, Berdakh Karakalpak State University
e-mail:
gulziba2020@mail.ru
+998972201012
The rapid progress of science and technology, the global integration of countries,
and the ongoing production processes are heavily influenced by languages worldwide.
It’s important to highlight that effectively utilizing the extensive knowledge gained in
global linguistics when studying economic terms in Uzbek and English, as well as the
structure and regulation of dictionaries, can yield positive outcomes. Additionally, the
Republic of Uzbekistan has undergone significant changes, reforms, and innovations in
all aspects of social life since gaining independence. These processes are undoubtedly
reflected in the language, which serves as a reflection of the nation. Furthermore,
linguistic updates raise various issues in modern linguistics. Thus, it is crucial to examine
Uzbek economic terminology alongside its English equivalents. The field of economics
plays a vital role in comprehending the global economy and facilitating international
trade. English, being widely used in business, trade, and diplomacy, serves as a language
of great significance. Meanwhile, Uzbekistan, as a rapidly developing country with a
growing economy, requires precise economic terminology. This study aims to explore the
historical analysis of economic terms in English and Uzbek, considering that economic
terms are often context-specific and their meanings can vary based on the economic and
social conditions of a particular country.
The formation and development of each terminological system are inextricably
linked with the formation and development of their respective fields, acquiring their
specific characteristics within those fields. «Term» is a modern concept, a lexical unit
that expresses a specific concept across various societal domains based on linguistic
criteria, fulfilling a distinct functional role. Structurally, terms take the form of words and
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word combinations, and semantically, they represent lexical units with a limited scope
within a specialized domain [1].
English and Uzbek economic terminology have followed their unique
developmental paths and have garnered the attention of numerous foreign and local
scholars since the emergence of the earliest written sources. For instance, H.Dadaboev’s
research not only covers political, military, tax, customs, finance, and diplomatic
terminology but also serves as a comprehensive investigation into the historical
development of the terminological system of the Uzbek language. H.Dadaboev’s
scientific work focuses on studying terminology issues, offering an example of the
evolutionary etymology of some historical economic terms utilized in ancient Turkic
language (VI-X), old Turkic (XI-XIV), and old Uzbek literary language (XV-XIX). It has
been extensively analyzed from a scientific perspective [2; 255].
Historical records reveal that the renowned statesman and encyclopedist
Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur (1483-1530) and his descendants made significant
contributions to social, economic, and legal matters. Babur’s works, such as
«Boburnoma» and «Mubayyin» notably emphasize economic information. By studying
these works, we can uncover fresh ideas and guidance for analyzing the current economic
reforms and changes in our country, drawing concise conclusions and implementing them
practically. Particularly remarkable are Babur’s perspectives on the economy, which
encompass fundamental aspects such as production, trade, commerce, taxes, and duties.
While we may not possess separate writings or primary sources specifically addressing
Babur’s governance, production and trade organization, or his economic policy during his
reign, we can draw brief conclusions based on scientific knowledge and insight. As a
profound thinker and encyclopedist, Babur possessed a deep understanding of economic
laws, recognizing the indispensable role of the economy in society and the state.
Consequently, he issued practical and equitable decrees and judgments, conducting a
well-founded economic policy that led to peace, national harmony, and political and
social progress during his rule. This is why the kingdom established by Babur endured
for several centuries, leaving an indelible mark in history. It is worth noting that various
scientific-theoretical approaches to terms and terminology, both positive and negative,
play a crucial role in shaping this field, sparking numerous meaningful discussions and
divergent opinions among linguists.
Over the centuries, the appearance of the word term in different systematic
languages, although we can tentatively note various ideas about its origin, it is the result
of the combination of the Latin word terminus, which appeared in the Middle Ages, and
the ancient Greek words logos (which means «concept», «doctrine»), we can note the
appearance of the word terminology more precisely compared to the word term [3; 1-6].
In the field of linguistics, there is a lot of evidence and a number of hypotheses that the
term and concept of terminology began to be used in oral and written speech. In some
sources, the concept of terminus was first expressed as the divinity of boundaries, and
later as a boundary stone, the last or completed point, place, destination, while in the
linguistic sources of the Middle Ages, the word terminus was used in the sense of
identifying and defining (something) [4]. The emergence, formation and development of
the terminological system of the economy is directly related to the history of the early
and middle ages. As S.P. Tolstov correctly stated; «In ancient times, the improvement of
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socio-economic relations in the conditions of Central Asia, the first land ownership,
forms of ownership, the composition of the first agriculture and production structures, the
tax system and their structural structures, in general research, undoubtedly,
archaeological, the role of ethnographic, paleoanthropological, as well as linguistic data
is incomparable [5; 176-203].
If we look at the English language during the Middle Ages, medieval English was
dominated by French under the influence of the royal family, Latin in the fields of
science, medicine or law. Accordingly, the concepts of economics used in English as a
whole are mainly related to these two languages. In addition, the uniqueness of periods,
the changing of times and rulers sometimes gave opportunities to the economic sector,
and sometimes it was the opposite. These social and political realities have influenced the
use of concepts in the language in different ways [6; 117-126]. In particular, based on the
existing traditions and customs of the region, Latin concepts were used for the name and
description of ceremonies and celebrations in the presence of the royal family and the
palace. This process was created as a result of the influence of the Roman Empire.
However, the Latin language entered the island through the Roman Empire [7]. For
example, one of the ceremonies related to socio-economic issues is explained by the fact
that the first-born son of the royal family is considered the crown prince. This process is
called
primogeniture
, which means birthright (as an alternative Uzbek language). That is,
the newborn child is the closest candidate to the throne and inheritance after the king’s
death. If we analyze the etymology of this lexical unit, it is derived from the Latin word
primogenitus and means «first-born» in Uzbek. In English, the lexical unit councilor is
considered the status of an economic adviser in the royal court, and this unit is derived
from the Latin word consiliarius. Taking into account the existence of special economic
advisers of each organization, we can say that this unit has been relevant since that time.
In addition, this lexical unit is the basic lexeme of the English and Uzbek words consul -
consul (ambassador), consultant - consultant (consultant, assistant).
Based on our analysis, it is evident that in every era and society, the increased
speed of information flow and advancements in new technology, driven by discoveries,
have led to a blurring of the line between specialized terms and everyday words. The
progress in science and technology plays a crucial role in making terms more accessible
and expanding the vocabulary of our national language.
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