ASSESSMENT OF THE ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY

Abstract

Long-term use of non-removable dental prostheses represents a significant clinical and biological factor influencing the anatomical and functional state of the oral cavity. Continuous interaction between prosthetic structures and oral tissues gradually alters biomechanical load distribution, mucosal integrity, periodontal conditions, and neuromuscular responses. This theoretical review article synthesizes findings from contemporary literature to provide a comprehensive analysis of how prolonged use of fixed prostheses affects hard and soft oral tissues, salivary parameters, occlusal dynamics, and oral motor function. The review highlights the mechanisms through which prosthetic materials, design quality, and oral hygiene practices influence tissue adaptation or deterioration. Special attention is given to morphological changes in the gingiva, alveolar bone remodeling, prosthesis-induced plaque retention, and shifts in occlusal function. Furthermore, the article discusses long-standing prosthetic-functional correlations, including muscle coordination, mastication efficiency, phonetics, and temporomandibular joint responses. The review emphasizes the importance of early detection of prosthesis-related complications through regular clinical examinations and functional assessment protocols. Ultimately, this paper underscores the need for evidence-based prosthodontic planning, maintenance strategies, and patient education to preserve optimal oral function over extended periods of prosthesis use.