SCIENTIFIC -METHODICAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
CHILDREN IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION BASED ON THE
HERMENEUTIC APPROACH
Tulyaganova Dilfuza
1
1
University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Gavhar Street 1, Tashkent 100149, Uzbekistan
dilfuzatulaganova670@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10458761
Annotation.
pre -school age with full physical, mental, mental and intellectual potential has risen to the level of
today's important issues . From this point of view, this research work on the development of technologies of using
hermeneutic teaching in the development of effective listening and understanding skills of preschool children is
considered relevant. It consists in determining the effective factors of preschool children's listening and understanding
skills based on the use of hermeneutic teaching and developing technologies . The use of hermeneutic teaching in the
development of listening and understanding skills of preschool children. To determine the pedagogical-psychological
characteristics and effective factors of teaching; the use of hermeneutic teaching in the development of listening and
understanding skills of preschool children to determine the pedagogical conditions of teaching; the use of hermeneutic
teaching in the development of listening and understanding skills of preschool children i n intensive training.
INTRODUCTION
.
In today's globalization era, learning
specific
languages
as
a
means
of
speech
communication, teaching each language in a live state
is a priority task, thus the implementation of
innovative models of shaping children as individuals
from the period of preschool education in the world is
considered urgent. Development of children's
listening and understanding skills in accordance with
the speech environment based on the technologies of
hermeneutic teaching it is necessary to improve the
pedagogical mechanisms of taking into account
historical pedagogical and cognitive factors in
preparation. Since the main task of speech is to form
communication between people, it is considered a
priority to direct attention to communicative goals in
pre-school educational institutions . This is the
requirements for the development of children's speech
, the increase of their skills and qualifications in free
speech, as well as the purposeful use of speech
material, the modernization of the content of speech
development , the improvement of the methodology of
using modern pedagogical technologies , training
exercises require that the need to increase the
professional competence of the teacher should be
strengthened.
Speech as a means of communication is
recognized as a leading direction in the USA,
Australia, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, the People's
Republic of China, the Russian Federation and a
number of other countries, and its theoretical
foundations are being created and teaching methods
are being determined. As a result, a methodical
linguistics of speech was created. Theoretical,
scientific and methodological issues related to
teaching modern languages at the European Center,
Islamic Indonesian University, Linton, Inchon,
Beijing, Hankuang, Turkey's Gazi Üniversitesi
(Ankara), Center of increasing to pedagogical
qualification
on
base
Manchesters,
Belfield
pedagogical university It is particularly important that
it is a research object in many scientific centers and
universities, such as Germany (Germany), Scientific
Center for Humanitarian Research (Russia) , and
scientific research is being conducted on teaching
children to speak on the basis of the communication
method with a creative approach to it. have.
The increasing role of anthropocentric or
hermeneutic principles of education on a global scale
created the need to look at speech development and
learning through competence - linguistic and cultural
activities. Organization of speech on the basis of
linguistic units based on hermeneutic approaches
influenced the formation and development of the
language teaching process .
In the UN program "Education for all", the
development of listening and understanding skills
characteristic of the 21st century takes a central place.
This is not possible without the purposeful formation
of communication based on the unity of speech and
thinking in children and the development of listening
and understanding skills specific to motivational
speech . Fundamental reforms in the field of preschool
education, increasing the quality of the speech
education system in accordance with international and
national standards, determine the relevance of this
research, because working with the text in the
development of listening and understanding skills,
learning in preschool education successfully improves
the child's thinking and worldview . necessary
condition of formation and increases the quality of
speech , communicative , creative, sociolinguistic
competences .
Therefore, it is important to improve
educational forms and technologies that require
speech in the process of preschool education . In the
world, scientific research is being carried out to
determine the pedagogical and psychological features
of speech and cognitive complex preparation of
children of preschool age to effectively master various
academic subjects during school education, and to put
into practice various approaches . The formation of the
skills of understanding the environment through the
technologies of using hermeneutic teaching in the
development of listening and understanding skills of
preschool children is based on systematic pedagogical
influence and methodical approaches. Preschool
educational organization , family , school and social
institutions are required to prepare children for the
development of speech listening and understanding
skills . In modernizing the pedagogical model of this
process , it is necessary to select and introduce
effective technologies that ensure the integrative
development of competences in the field required to be
developed in children .
In
our
country,
the
legal-normative
foundations of the fundamental reform of the
preschool education system and its optimization at the
level of world standards have been improved. Also, in
order to make children grow up healthy and mature in
all respects according to the state standard of preschool
education and upbringing , measures are taken to
organize the educational process based on modern
requirements, to implement innovative educational
forms and technologies. activities are being carried
out. "That's why it is both a debt and a duty for us to
implement such high reforms in the field of preschool
education.". It is appropriate to research social-
pedagogical factors, didactic principles of mental,
spiritual, physical development of children in
preschool education in the modern context .
In particular, the methodical and didactic
support of preparation for school education and
information on the effectiveness of the technology of
using hermeneutic teaching in the development of
listening and understanding skills of preschool
children improving the environment is becoming
important.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
December 16, 2019 No. RQ-595 "On Preschool
Education and Training", President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated January 28 , 2022 No. PF-60 "2022
- Decree on the Development Strategy of New
Uzbekistan for 2026 , No. PQ-4312 dated May 8, 2019
" Approving the Concept of Development of the
Preschool Education System of the Republic of
Uzbekistan until 2030 " ", Decision No. 802 of the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
"On Approval of the State Standard of Preschool
Education and Training " , No. 391 of May 13, 2019 "
Preschool Education Organizations This research
work serves to a certain extent in the implementation
of the tasks defined in the decisions "On measures to
further improve the activity" and other normative-
legal documents related to this field .
LITERATURE
ANALYSIS
AND METHODOLOGY
Among the pedagogic scientists of our
country F.R.Qodirova, R.M.Qodirova, D.R.Babayeva,
Q.Shodiyeva,
G.O.Najmiddinova,
M.Askarova,
P.Yusupova , A. T. Nurmanov , F.H Aminova, M.Yu.
Mahkamova, Q. A. Rasulov and A. Researchers such
as F. Muhiddinov studied the theoretical and
methodological foundations of the process of
formation of speech and communication culture .
Within the Commonwealth of Independent States . I.
Tikheva Eat. A. Flerina L. Verbiskaya , L. Vygotsky,
L. Volkova, V. Seliverstov, I. Romanova, I.
Novichkova, A. Tambovseva, O. Safonova research
works were carried out by scientists such as the
detection of oral speech disorders of preschool
children, correction of speech deficiency , methods of
word formation, development of communication and
perception techniques . A. from foreign scientists. A.
Maler, G. Sikito, J. Marilain, M. Joanna, P. Laydia, S.
Egli, D. Faulkner, L. Plowman, and S. Stephens
researched digital technology and puzzles, the role of
creativity and cultural innovation in early childhood
education, and their literacy development .
Russian pedagogues SL Rubenstein
[1].
,AN
Leontiev
[2]
in the educational process common
pedagogical and psychological approaches based on to
practice offers a speech implementation. Like JA
Ponomarev
[3]
and OR Rozikov
[4]
their listening,
comprehension skills in didactics held place, duties
about observations take went Including AN Leontyev
[5]
" listening, understanding skills " concept as
follows characterizes:– certain to the conditions based
on forward placed sure is the goal." T. Kaziyeva
[6]
in
the context of speech understanding , knowledge,
understanding of language is scientific theoretical the
basics to teach mean by serving to develop speech
skills emphasizes. In world pedagogy, listening,
understanding skills are methodical, psychological
and pedagogical study with Australian scientist,
professor Jacques Richards special engaged in That's
it to emphasize ok Didactic process of Western
pedagogy focus on practicality points. The first
pragmatic ideas were the American philosopher and
pedagogue D. Dewey by developed and to practice
current done
[7]
.
In our republic education of preschool
children with physical, mental, mental and intellectual
potential has risen to the level of today's important
issues. From this point of view, this research work on
the development of technologies of using hermeneutic
teaching in the development of effective listening and
understanding skills of preschool children is
considered relevant. It consists of determining the
effective factors of preschool children's listening and
understanding skills based on the use of hermeneutic
teaching and developing technologies . The use of
hermeneutic teaching in the development of listening
and understanding skills of preschool children to
determine
the
pedagogical-psychological
characteristics and effective factors of teaching; the
use of hermeneutic teaching in the development of
listening and understanding skills of preschool
children to determine the pedagogical conditions of
teaching; the use of hermeneutic teaching in the
development of listening and understanding skills of
preschool children on improvement of intensive
training model;
technologies using hermeneutic teaching in
the development of listening and understanding skills
of preschool children . Based on the analysis of the
evolution of hermeneutic knowledge, the pedagogical
conditions and didactic opportunities for the
development of professional-pedagogical creativity
and thinking of future preschool teachers were
determined, and the essence of the hermeneutic
approach was determined as the methodological basis
of the pedagogical process aimed at developing
children's creativity. Also, person-oriented emotional-
metaphorical situations, which are solved in
accordance with the principles of emotional and
rational unity, were presented as hermeneutics, and the
main means of creativity development were identified
and the specific features of speech development based
on philosophical hermeneutics were highlighted;
Methodological support for the hermeneutic analysis
and implementation of pre-school educational
processes was improved , and the implementation of
any state of understanding and understanding based on
the "hermeneutic framework" was justified , and the
praxeological, axiological, existential-psychological
aspects
of
understanding
as
a
multifaceted
phenomenon were clarified . to improve the deductive-
nomological,
intentional,
causal-deterministic,
linguistic, psychological and other aspects of
explanation and to organize the joint creative activities
of the educator and the child within the framework of
the hermeneutic approach in order to develop the
creativity of preschool children, the personal
characteristics of the child. The initial level of
creativity and the diagnosis of self-development
motivation, the joint construction of personal-oriented
emotional-figurative situations (based on visual and
verbal images), the implementation of subject-
subjective activities in the conditions of these
situations , etc. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the
"Speech: Understanding and Comprehension" model,
a criterion-diagnostic was developed to determine the
level of development of children 's creativity (on the
basis of complex criteria and indicators aimed at
evaluating the level of development of the personal-
motivational and cognitive component of creativity);
based on the hermeneutic concept of speech , its
historical and scientific foundations are studied, its
importance as a direction in the development of
modern speech is highlighted , and its general
classification is improved .
Cooperation based on verbal and non - verbal means
of teaching preschool children to communicate,
improved on the basis of adaptation of listening,
understanding, expression educational tasks to
elements of reverse education, designed to actively
organize the academic-creative , speech - motivational
trajectory of preschool children . technologies are
improved on the basis of rhythmic-emotional
application of mnemonic elements in a dialogical
environment.
RESULTS.
Cooperation with the world's
leading higher education institutions at the level of
international education standards in the Republic of
Uzbekistan, further development and improvement of
the training of higher educated preschool education
specialists, expansion of international cooperation in
the field of higher education, implementation of
hermeneutic requirements in the development of
speech , the introduction of advanced foreign
experiences into the educational process is the demand
of the times. As we build on hermeneutics in the
development of speech , we need to learn that it is a
theory of understanding, a doctrine of the principles of
text interpretation, and a methodological basis of the
humanities.
Although the roots of hermeneutics go back to
ancient Western and Eastern culture, it was formed as
a separate field of science only in the 19th century,
which is connected with the work of German
philosophers F. Schleiermacher and W. Dilthey. In the
further development of the doctrine, M. Heidegger,
GGGadamer. The service of scientists like P. Ricoeur
and M. Bakhtin was great. At the heart of
hermeneutics is the question of understanding. In
particular, F. Schleiermacher considers hermeneutics
as a "doctrine of the art of understanding" written
sources in general. According to him, any written
source (text) has a dual nature: on the one hand, it is a
part of the language system, and on the other hand, it
is a product of the creativity of a certain individual.
Therefore, Hermeneutics faces two interrelated tasks:
the first is to study the linguistic expression in the text
as a part of a specific language system ("grammatical"
interpretation), the second is to understand the unique
subject behind it ("psychological" interpretation ) . V.
Diltey in his "philosophy of life" looked at Gadamer
not as a specific aspect of the theory of knowledge, but
as the foundation of the humanities ("sciences of the
soul"). lib, it proved that life can be perceived because
of it. According to Dilthey, the creative output of any
individual is nothing more than an objectification of
life; a person understands what he understands in
himself in another person. In this way, life is
analogous to the perception of the perceiver.
Gadamer's
transformation
into
philosophy
is
associated with the name of M. Heidegger, who
considered "understanding" to be a way of existence,
not knowledge. According to him, understanding is
one of the main characteristics of human existence;
Human existence is a condition that requires
understanding from the beginning, and explaining this
condition is the task of Hermeneutics. According to
Gadamer, the process of understanding and the process
of the child's self-understanding cannot be separated,
understanding largely depends on the child himself.
However,
the
child's
self-awareness
and
understanding is one thing, and its interpretation is
another, the interpretation is completely free. It does
not mean that he can understand the child as he wants
based on his spiritual and spiritual needs:
interpretation means understanding the materialized
content of the speech . That is why Gadamer
emphasizes that it is necessary to "contemporize" the
speech created in the past, to look at it from a modern
perspective. In his teaching, speech plays a key role,
because only because of speech , the tradition is alive,
and in the psyche of the language, "historical
consciousness in motion " occurs: the character of the
work we want to understand , no matter how distant he
is from history, we can see him. We will try to start a
dialogue with you . Of course, hermeneutics in the
traditional sense, that is, as a theory of correct
interpretation ("understanding") of speech, is more
important for preschool education than philosophical
hermeneutics. As a person's attitude to existence,
knowledge of it, the environment, conditions in which
he lives and works depends on such factors, therefore,
it is necessary to interpret the text in higher education
as well.
In Uzbekistan , measures are being taken to
improve the quality of preschool education,
educational and methodological support aimed at
children's achievement of the tasks set for the
development of speech at the required level is being
improved based on the requirements of the time,
education aimed at strengthening the practical aspect
of preschool education construction works are being
carried out. At all levels of the preschool education
system It is important to interpret and analyze speech
and interpret it for quality education . That is why the
issue of hermeneutics has been widely studied by
Uzbek scientists. Some issues of hermeneutics were
studied
[8]
by literary scholars Bahadir Karim, I.
Rahimov, A. Otamurodov, N. Shermuhamedova, K.
Nazarov . As a literary critic, Bahadir Karim believes
that hermeneutics is only a means of studying artistic
works[9].
He
also
comments
on
"Eastern
hermeneutics" and emphasizes that it has not followed
the development path of Western hermeneutics.
However, the meaning and interpretation of the Qur'an
, which is called Eastern hermeneutics, does not fully
correspond to the hermeneutics we are studying.
Because there is a big difference between
hermeneutics
and
philosophical
hermeneutics.
N.Shermuhamedova analyzes the hermeneutic bases
of understanding and explanation philosophically and
methodologically and emphasizes the important role
of understanding in understanding the meaning of a
certain event [10]. Also, in the scientific works and
articles
of
M.Abdullayeva,
Sh.Jabborov,
G.Navro'zova, G.Yunusova, the opinions about the
importance and historical foundations of hermeneutics
in scientific knowledge are stated [11].
It is worth noting that T.Kaziyeva states that there are
no special studies on hermeneutics by the above-
mentioned authors , and in the sources given in the
references, general conclusions on the issue of
understanding and explanation are given in her
research . Therefore, in this study, they studied
hermeneutics as a separate philosophical doctrine and
tried to analyze the importance of its ontological,
epistemological,
axiological,
phenomenological,
psychological
and
methodological
aspects
in
strengthening the national idea. And we try to establish
how speech can be organized hermeneutically in the
process of preschool education . It is known that the
main unit of speech, which expresses a complete
thought, is the text. Therefore, educating children
through text interpretation should be one of the main
directions of preschool education. It is especially
important in preschool education. All studies of the
text are based on the definition of the text as a language
or speech unit, which is interpreted as the "itself and
the result of speech activity" of the speech process[12].
When the definitions given by the text are analyzed, it
is a product of the process of speech activity, it is
characterized
by
meaningful
connection,
completeness, logical compactness, an approach based
on language ideas and norms, the formation of content
from the combination of certain elements, the
performance of a communicative task, the ideal and
expression of pragmatic meaning, creation by a person
or persons known to consist of the combination of
lexical units based on certain grammatical laws, is a
product of human thinking, is formed as a result of a
complex psycho-physiological process and has its own
characterized by having an addressee. In short, "the
text is a form of speech, and in terms of its function, it
is a complete speech unit. A sentence and a set of
sentences performing a single communicative task is
called a text[13].
In
Uzbek
linguistics,
academician
G.
Abdurakhmanov first expressed his views on text and
text theory, and then A. Gulomov, M. Askarova in the
textbook "Current Uzbek Literary Language" is
recognized as later, I. Rasulov, M. Toksonov, M.
Mukarramov conducted research on various aspects of
the text. Studying the social function of mother tongue
science in higher education is important in
methodology. In this regard, sociolinguist Yu.D.
Desheriyev divides the functions of language into the
following: 1) communicative function; 2) social
function; 3) expressive function; 4) aesthetic function;
5) epistemological function. According to R.O.
Jacobson's classification, there are six functions: 1)
emotive function (targeting the sender, transmitting
his emotions); 2) cognitive function (targeting the
addressee, striving to awaken a certain state in him);
3) poetic function (for the form of information); 4)
metalanguage function (for language system); 5)
phatic function (for communication); 6) referential
function (for reality).
[14]
DISCUSSION.
of the 20th century, the field of "text
linguistics" has entered a period of rapid development.
The text as a complete speech unit and its constituent
elements, factors, and characteristics have been
analyzed from different perspectives. A special, so to
speak, huge "hype" has arisen around this area. Even
some specialists considered text linguistics not a
separate field of linguistics, but the foundation, base of
linguistics in general. Periodicals and scientific
collections on text linguistics were published in
Western European countries, special scientific teams
were formed, monographs were published, textbooks
and even textbooks for schools were published. [15]
Since the text and its study and interpretation are the
foundation of the science of linguistics, it means that
the mother tongue is also the main core of the science
of teaching methodology. Among the researches
carried out from the early years of the 20th century
until now, Sh.Sh.Yuldasheva's " Scientific-methodical
basis of development of students' speaking skills in
education of the state language "[16], issues of
students' development of speaking skills are analyzed
in detail. Also, A.K. Nisanbayeva's " Methodological
basis of developing students' speech through text in
Uzbek language classes " , [17] A.Rgasheva's "
Methodology of speech development in the process of
strengthening theoretical information in mother
tongue classes " , [18] T.Ziyodova's " In the process of
mother tongue education" Researches such as
"Increasing students' vocabulary " [19] are devoted to
the issues of improving the speech of students in
Uzbek.
One of the most effective methods is explained in R.A.
Yoldoshev's research " Methodology of developing
oral speech of students by making them speak a lot in
Uzbek language classes " .[20] NZ Umarova's research
on " Methodology of using modern technologies in the
development of students' Uzbek speech " [21]
promotes the effective use of modern technologies in
the development of speech. In the above-mentioned
studies, the issues of speech culture, eloquent speech,
speech development, oral and written speech
communication
culture,
increasing
vocabulary,
professional pedagogical communication culture are
analyzed from the point of view of language,
pedagogy, methodical sciences, and the problem is
both theoretical and researched practically.
Noting that there has been an unprecedented
amount of research on text linguistics in world
linguistics in linguistics and that text linguistics has
been fully recognized as an independent linguistic
discipline, the main rules of research based on this
recognition are grouped as follows. lib summarizes: 1.
The main unit of speech that expresses a complete idea
is not a sentence, but a text; speech-thought is only a
special case, a special type of text. The text is the
highest unit of the syntactic level. O.I. Moskalskaya,
who analyzed the text in detail , noted that by the
1960s and 1970s of the 20th century, the interest in the
linguistic study of the text increased tremendously, an
unprecedented number of studies on text linguistics
appeared in world linguistics, and text linguistics as an
independent linguistic science. Noting that it is fully
recognized,
summarizes
the
main
principles
underlying this recognition in research into the
following groups:
1. The main unit of speech that expresses a complete
idea is not a sentence , but a text; speech and thought
are only a special case, a special type of text. The text
is the highest unit of the syntactic level.
2. Concrete speech works - texts are based on the
general principles of text composition; these principles
do not apply to the field of speech, but to the language
system or language authority. If these aspects are taken
into account, then the text should be considered not
only as a speech unit, but also as a language unit.
3. The text, like the main language units, is part of the
system of linguistic signs .
4. Comprehensive study of the text as a speech and
linguistic unit of a separate level requires the [22]
creation of a special science within linguistics - text
linguistics .
In the Uzbek language method, the text that is
widely studied and the question of how it is studied in
the development of speech arises.
speech shows a clear expression of several of its
functions. Following the rules of the hermeneutic law
in the development of speech, emotive function
(targeting the sender, transmitting his emotions),
cognitive function (targeting the addressee, striving to
awaken a certain state in him), phatic function (for
communication ) it is important to apply in practice.
Although the science of speech development in
preschool education is considered as a methodical,
educational science, it is a theoretical science based on
knowledge based on linguistics. Knowledge is the
basis of philosophy. Kant, the founder of theoretical
philosophy, stated that it is to determine human mental
activity. "Philosophy means understanding of one's
own essence, making general conclusions about
phenomena and events related to various spheres of
existence,
representing
their
basic
essence.
Philosophical thinking is to generalize things and
phenomena in the world in thought, study them in their
interdependence and development, to know their
essence more deeply and fully [23]. So, if the science
of philosophy studies existence and the problems of
knowing it, linguistics studies human knowledge, his
way of thinking, speech, which is a means of
communication of people in existence. Similarly, the
method of teaching the mother tongue also indicates
how to teach this knowledge to a person depending on
both subjects. Any such subject, including linguistics
and language teaching methods, is carried out in an
inextricable
connection
with
philosophy.
Philosophical orientation in teaching serves as a
research methodology.
The methodology of hermeneutics, which entered
science in Western Europe in the 18th century, used to
study and explain the text of sacred religious books. It
is known that each concept has its own meaning,
including understanding, which is similar to the
meaning of "explanation", and the meaning of
"meaning" is related to the etymology of the word
"Fiqh". In fiqh, in particular, the methods of the
Hanafia school, which forms the main branch of the
Ahl al-Sunnah Wal Jama'ah school, are followed.
Therefore, both hermeneutics and jurisprudence study
principles that are compatible with our national
traditions. Tafsir and ta'wil, commentaries on the
works of our great thinkers are our greatest spiritual
wealth and imposes a great task to us. Hermeneutics
began to fully develop in the West by the time of
Gadamer before the method of preserving this wealth,
passing it on to the next generation, especially mother
tongue
teaching.
Gadamer
asserts
that
true
understanding is productive, and that it facilitates the
process of direct understanding of history.
It is known that the conclusion of the speech
regarding its prohibition, the degree to which it
objectively reveals the scientific truth depends on the
philosophical direction it is based on. Each mother
tongue teacher must be based on a certain
philosophical orientation. Today, hermeneutics is the
methodological basis of humanities. The task of
hermeneutics is to be able to correctly understand what
the author wants to say in the text.
The question of the text and its study, which
is widely researched in the methodology of the Uzbek
language , raises the question of how speech
development is carried out in the preschool education
system . In this regard, the methodological description
of the function of speech shows the clear expression of
several of its functions. In the development of speech
, following hermeneutic laws and rules, emotive
function (targeting the sender, transmitting his
emotions), cognitive function (targeting the addressee,
striving to awaken a certain state in him), phatic
function (for communication) It is important to use
types in practice. Hermeneutics (Greek: hyermeneu-
tike, hyermenio - " I explain " ) - the art of
understanding texts, the art of interpretation, the
doctrine of the principles of its interpretation. His
method of investigation is the hermeneutic method.
[24] That's why Today, hermeneutics is the
methodological basis of humanities. The main task of
hermeneutics is the reader's ability to correctly
understand what the author wants to say in the text.
It is known that each concept has its own
meaning, including understanding, which is similar to
the meaning of "explanation", and the meaning of
"meaning" is related to the etymology of the word
"Fiqh". In fiqh, in particular, the methods of the
Hanafia school, which forms the main branch of the
Ahl al-Sunnah Wal Jama'ah school, are followed.
Therefore, both hermeneutics and jurisprudence study
principles that are compatible with our national
traditions. Tafseer and Taweel, commentaries on the
works of our great thinkers are our greatest spiritual
w0000 ealth. In the West, by the time of Gadamer,
hermeneutics began to fully develop. Gadamer asserts
that true understanding is productive, and that it
facilitates the process of direct understanding of
history. The question arises as to why hermeneutics is
needed in the educational process. When a reader
studies the author's text and interprets the events and
essence in it, the student's imagination and opinions do
not always correspond to the content and spirit of the
work.
According to Farabi's work "Rasail ul-hukamo",
understanding comes before understanding. Our
contemporaries E. Betti and Gadamer emphasized this
only in their teachings about hermeneutics and its
spheres. Gadamer's teachings on the study of texts in
parts were also created at this time.
According to the philosophy of education, the
hermeneutic approach is of great importance in
studying the meaning of theoretical, psychological and
cultural phenomena. That 's why in preschool
education , based on the organization of children's "
knowledge-understanding- understanding skills "
model, we base ourselves on the hermeneutic approach
in learning the lexical and grammatical meaning of
speech phenomena, and on the basis of the
hermeneutic approach, which corresponds to the
nature of human cognition, to see the world we
scientifically and methodically analyzed the purpose
of introducing a system that reflects the national style
. It is known that in order to fully understand the
content of the speech , it is necessary for people to
master the lexical, grammatical and pronunciation
skills of the language. In speech perception, the ability
to correctly understand vocabulary and pronunciation
is important in understanding the general content, and
in understanding grammar. becomes important. In
short, listening comprehension means listening or
understanding the speaker's speech directly or with the
help of technical means. In other words, listening
comprehension refers to the perception and
understanding of the speech of others (live or
mechanically recorded).
In listening comprehension, the teacher's speech,
audio-recording, radio broadcast, sound slide film,
movie (video) film or its fragment, and television
programs serve as the main sources of information
acquisition through the auditory sense and analyzer.
Audiocassettes, radio broadcasts, disc materials, audio
recordings, and film programs are used as sources for
listening comprehension in preschool education . For
example, listening comprehension, as one of the main
types of speech activity, is taught in the manner of
goals and means applied to the school environment:
(1) acquisition of oral speech , that is, speaking and
listening
comprehension
at
the
same
time,
interlocutors take turns speaking and listening
comprehension they do; (2) listening comprehension
is acquired as a special type of communicative
activity, in other words, the information (data) in the
speech listened to in the form of an oral story, movie
is assimilated. Currently, [25] great opportunities have
been created for teaching the mother tongue in
preschool educational institutions. For example, the
availability of separate rooms equipped with modern
information and communication tools and all the
opportunities for high-quality speech training in them
also creates ample opportunities for listening
comprehension exercises in speech training .
CONCLUSION
Today, in preschool education , unlike the previous
textbooks, textbooks consist of audio and video discs,
which allow children to understand the subject more
comprehensively. In order to solve these problems,
cooperation with the world's leading universities at the
level of international educational standards in the
Republic of Uzbekistan, further development and
improvement of the training of higher-educated
preschool
education
specialists,
expansion
of
international
cooperation,
implementation
of
hermeneutic requirements in speech work, the
introduction of advanced foreign experiences into the
educational process is the demand of the times. As it
depends on factors such as the attitude of a person to
existence, his knowledge, the environment and
conditions in which he lives and works, therefore, the
understanding and understanding of the text is
interpreted by each person in his own way. we know
that The main unit of speech that expresses a complete
idea is the text. Therefore, educating children in
preschool education by developing speech on the basis
of working with text should be one of the main
directions of preschool education. It is especially
important in preschool education. All studies of the
text are based on the definition of the text as a unit of
speech, which is interpreted as "itself and the result of
speech activity" of the speech process [26]. When the
definitions given by the text are analyzed, it is a
product of the process of speech activity, it is
characterized
by
meaningful
connection,
completeness, logical compactness, an approach based
on language ideas and norms, the formation of content
from the combination of certain elements, the
performance of a communicative task, the ideal and
expression of pragmatic meaning, creation by a person
or persons known to consist of the combination of
lexical units based on certain grammatical laws, is a
product of human thinking, is formed as a result of a
complex psycho-physiological process and has its own
characterized by having an addressee. In short, "the
text is a form of speech, and in terms of its function, it
is a complete speech unit.
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