ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
451
METHODS OF FEEDING CEREALS AND OILSEEDS IN LOCAL FERTILIZERS AND
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Niyozov Sobir Ahror o‘g‘li
Bukhara Engineering and Technology Institute, Uzbekistan
sobirniyozov1991@gmail.com
Norova Mavluda Sayfiddinovna
Bukhara Engineering and Technology Institute, Uzbekistan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986813
Abstract.
Along with the type and variety of plants, soil and climate conditions play an
important role in this. The nutrient requirement of plants is determined by the amount of nutrients
taken out with the total crop or by the yield unit of the main product.
Keywords
: In most cases, this period corresponds to the period when plants accumulate
the most dry biomass, For example, if one kg of soil contains 60 mg of mobile phosphorus.
СПОСОБЫ ПОДКОРМКИ ЗЕРНОВЫХ И МАСЛИЧНЫХ СЕМЕН В МЕСТНЫХ
УДОБРЕНИЯХ И КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Аннотация.
Наряду с видом и сортом растений важную роль в этом играют
почвенно-климатические условия. Потребность растений в питательных веществах
определяется количеством питательных веществ, выносимых с общим урожаем, или
единицей урожая основного продукта.
Ключевые слова:
В большинстве случаев этот период соответствует периоду
накопления растениями наиболее сухой биомассы. Например, если в 1 кг почвы содержится
60 мг подвижного фосфора.
INTRODUCTION
The periodicity of nutrient uptake by plants. The assimilation of nutrients changes
depending on the age of the plants. Tension (critical) and maximum (maximum) absorption periods
are distinguished. The lack of a certain substance in the nutritional environment and its strong
impact on the development of plants is called a nutritional deficiency. If crops are later supplied
with this element in abundance, the difficulty of the difficult period will not disappear forever.
Based on the research, it was determined that the period of stress in relation to nitrogen and
phosphorus in crops is observed in 10-15 days after the appearance of sprouts. In the case of
potassium deficiency in the early stages of development, the yield of crops is sharply reduced.
The stress period for nitrogen and phosphorus is usually manifested in early spring, when
the activity of microorganisms is slow.
In relatively late periods of development, the demand of plants for nutrition increases,
which is considered to be the period when nutrients are absorbed the most (maximum). In most
cases, this period corresponds to the period when plants accumulate the most dry biomass.
Most crops have a significantly shorter feeding period than the growing season, including
hemp, flax, and most cereal grains. In some crops (sugar beet, potatoes, cabbage, etc.), the process
of nutrition occurs during the entire growth period of the crop. Plant nutrition can be managed
taking into account their biological characteristics.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
452
The periodicity of plant nutrition requires giving them the annual rate of fertilizer as
additional nutrition. It is known that it is not possible to obtain the intended yield from crops by
giving the annual rate of fertilizer only once, to certain layers of the soil. For this reason, in the
system of correct feeding of plants, it is necessary to carry out the main fertilization in combination
with fertilization and additional feeding before planting.
Removal of nutrients by plant crops
Cultivated plants remove nutrients from the soil in different amounts and proportions.
Along with the type and variety of plants, soil and climate conditions play an important role in
this. The nutrient requirement of plants is determined by the amount of nutrients taken out with
the total crop or by the yield unit of the main product.
The maximum accumulation of nutrients in plants usually corresponds to the beginning of
the ripening period. This size can be used to determine the "requirement of plants for nutrients".
In the last periods of development, the amount of nutrients in plants is somewhat reduced due to
the flow of nutrients from the roots to the soil.
We should be able to distinguish the concepts of biological and economic output of
nutrients.
The amount of nutrients absorbed by plants to form the biological mass of the crop (grain,
straw, stubble and root residues) is called biological waste.
From the above, it can be seen that the rate of fertilizer, determined only on the basis of
farm output, cannot fully satisfy the plant's demand for nutrients. Because plants need nutrients
not only for the product, but also for the formation of the root system, leaves and stems. Plant
residues that remain in the soil are mineralized and serve as food for the next crops.
In practice, the nutrient requirement of plants is calculated on the basis of the farm output
spent on the formation of 1 t of the main product and the corresponding " helper" product.
Cereal crops usually absorb nutrients (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium) in a ratio of 2.4-
3.1:1.1:2.3-3.1 while this indicator is in vegetable crops 2.1-3.0: 1:3.1-3.7 ha, 3.0-3.4:1:4.21-4.8
ha for potatoes and root crops, and ha for blue mass crops: It is equal to 2.15-2.75 1:3.4-3.85. So
blue mass crops and vegetables absorb more potassium than grain crops, and much less than
potatoes and root vegetables. Also, their demand for nitrogen fertilizers is much less. Nutrient
removal with the main product of the crop (including auxiliary products) is not a constant quantity.
It changes significantly under the influence of soil-climatic conditions, variety, yield, fertilizer rate
and irrigation.
As a result of applying and increasing the rate of fertilizers, the amount of nutrients
removed from the soil also increases. This applies first to potassium, then to nitrogen, and the
amount of phosphorus changes less. If the plants are well supplied with nutrients, but one (or
several) of the external factors are deficient, the withdrawal of nutrients from the soil with the
main product increases. On the contrary, the sufficiency of all factors makes it possible to
economically use nutrients in the formation of the crop.
Plant absorption of nutrients in the soil
The absorption coefficient of one or another nutrient element in the soil by plants is found
based on the data of Table 1.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
453
Table 1
Estimated amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium removed from the soil by
some crops per unit of yield (t), in kilograms
Crop type
Main product
Comes out with the main product:
The ratio of
nitrogen,
phosphorus and
potassium
nitrogen phosphorus potassium
Winter wheat
grain
36
11
27
3,3 : 1 : 2,45
Autumn rye
grain
32
11
27
2,9 : 1 : 2,45
Spring wheat
grain
40
11
26
3,3 : 1 : 2,36
Barley
grain
28
12
25
2,3 : 1 : 2,1
Corn
grain
35
13
36
2,7 : 1 : 2,8
Oatmeal
grain
31
12
28
2,3 : 1 : 2,3
The amount of nutrients in the plowed layer (kg/ha) is found by multiplying its amount in
the agrochemical map (mg/kg) by a factor of 3. For example, if one kg of soil contains 60 mg of
mobile phosphorus, its total amount in the soil layer is 180 kg/ha (60x3).
The absorption coefficient of nutrients in the soil varies widely, depending on the biological
characteristics of plants, under the influence of external factors (soil fertility, pH, climatic
conditions, agrotechnics), from which fertilizer it makes it difficult to use it when defining borders.
Naturally, the higher the amount of mobile nutrients in the soil, the lower the coefficient of their
absorption by plants. When local and mineral fertilizers are added to the soil, the absorption
coefficient of soil nutrients increases by 1.6-2.2 times.
REFERENCES
1.
Bafoev, A. X., Rajabboev, A. I., Niyozov, S. A., Bakhshilloev, N. K., & Mahmudov, R. A.
(2022). Significance And Classification of Mineral Fertilizers. Texas Journal of Engineering
and Technology, 5, 1-5.
2.
R.A. Makhmudov, K.Kh. Majidov, M.M. Usmanova, Sh.M. Ulashov, & S.A.Niyozov.
(2021). Characteristics Of Catalpa Plant As Raw Material For Oil Extraction. The American
Journal
of
Engineering
and
Technology, 3(03),70–75.
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume03Issue03-11
3.
Ниёзов, С., Шарипов, Ш., Бердиев, У., Махмудов, Р., & Шодиев, А. (2022).
ТРУЩИНЫ, ВЫПУСКАЮЩИЕСЯ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ХЛОРИДА КАЛИЯ ИЗ
СИЛЬВИНИТОВОЙ РУДЫ. Journal of Integrated Education and Research, 1(4), 440-444.
4.
Исматов С. Ш., Норова М. С., Ниёзов С. А. У. Технология рафинации. Отбелка
хлопкового масла с местными адсорбентами //Вопросы науки и образования. – 2017.
– №. 2 (3). – С. 27-28.
5.
Ниёзов, С. А., Шарипов, Ш. Ж., Бердиев, У. Р., & Шодиев, А. З. (2022). ВЛИЯНИЕ
НИТРАТ И НИТРИТОВ НА ОРГАНИЗМ. Journal of Integrated Education and Research,
1(4), 409-411.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
454
6.
Ниёзов С. А., Махмудов Р. А., Ражабова М. Н. ЗНАЧЕНИЕ АЗОТНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ
ДЛЯ НАРОДНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ //Journal of Integrated
Education and Research. – 2022. – Т. 1. – №. 5. – С. 465-472.
7.
Niyozov, S., Amonova, H. I., Rizvonova, M., & Murodova, M. A. (2022).
MINERALOGICAL, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF UCHTUT DOLOMITE
MINERAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASIS OF PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE. Journal of Integrated Education and Research, 1(6), 32-38.
8.
Ahror o‘g‘li, Niyozov Sobir, Fatilloyev Shamshod Fayzullo o‘g‘li, and Bafoev Abduhamid
Hoshim o‘g‘li. "Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys New Innovative Technologies in
Production of Non-Ferrous Metals." (2022).
9.
Ismatov, S. S., Norova, M. S., & Niyozov, S. A. U. (2017). Refining technology. Bleaching
of cottonseed oil with local adsorbents. Science and Education, (2), 3.
10.
Amonovich, M. R., & Ahror o‘g‘li, N. S. (2023). IMPORTANCE OF WATER FOR
LIVING ORGANISMS AND NATIONAL ECONOMY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
METHODS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT. American Journal of Research in
Humanities and Social Sciences, 9, 7-13.
11.
Sharipov B., Beknazarov H., Jalilov A. GUANIDIN NITRAT ASOSIDAGI (FKG2T-4)
KOMPOZIT
KORROZIYA
INGIBITORI
SINTEZI,
KISLOTALI
MUHITDA
QO‘LLANILISHI //Евразийский журнал академических исследований. – 2022. – Т. 2.
– №. 8. – С. 152-161.
12.
Sharipov, Begmurod, and Hasan Beknazarov. "AZOT, FOSFOR VA KISLOROD
TUTGAN YANGI (FKG2K-1) TURDAGI KARROZIYA INGIBITORNING SINTEZI."
Евразийский журнал права, финансов и прикладных наук 2.8 (2022): 18-25.
13.
Beknazarov H. S., Jalilov A. T., Sharipov B. S. GUANIDIN NITRAT ASOSIDAGI
(FKG2T-4) KOMPOZIT KORROZIYA INGIBITORI SINTEZI, KISLOTALI MUHITDA
QO ‘LLANILISHI //Academic research in educational sciences. – 2022. – Т. 3. – №. 8. – С.
149-159.
14.
Шарипов Б. Ш., Джалилов А. Т., Бекназаров Х. С. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И ИК-
СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СИНТЕЗА НИТРАТА ГУАНИДИНА НА ОСНОВЕ
НИТРАТА АММОНИЯ И МОЧЕВИНЫ //Universum: технические науки. – 2021. – №.
3-3. – С. 87-89.
15.
Sharipov Begmurod Sharopovich. (2023). AZOT, FOSFOR, KISLOROD SAQLOVCHI
INGIBITOR. Journal of Integrated Education and Research, 2(8), 59–64. Retrieved from
https://ojs.rmasav.com/index.php/ojs/article/view/1286
16.
Ahror o‘g‘li, Niyozov Sobir. "CHEMICAL ENERGY AND TYPES OF ENERGY USED
IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY." Journal of new century innovations 29.1 (2023): 72-
78.
17.
Солихов, Д. С. (2023). РАЗРАБОТКА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДЕШЕВЫХ И УДОБНЫХ
МЕТОДОВ ОЧИСТКИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД. World scientific
research journal, 15(1), 186-197.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
455
18.
Ahror o‘g‘li, N. S., & Xudayar o‘g‘li, M. M. (2023, April). STUDY AND RESEARCH OF
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES. In E Conference Zone
(pp. 26-31).
19.
Niyozov Sobir Ahror o‘g‘li, Norova Mavluda Sayfiddinovna. (2023). PROCESSING OF
SYLVINITE ORES AND ITS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Journal of
Integrated Education and Research, 2(10), 86–90. Retrieved from
20.
Niyozov, S., & Khojaqulova, D. (2024). CHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF NATURAL
PHOSPHORITES. Modern Science and Research, 3(1), 1257-1262.
21.
Bekmurod, Sharipov. "AMMONIY NITRAT VA KARBAMID ASOSIDA GUANIDIN
NITRATNING OLINISHI VA SINTEZ QILINGAN MODDANING ELEMENT TAHLILI
VA IQ SPEKTR TAHLILI." Research and Publications 1.1 (2023): 61-68.
