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LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF NEW POETRY
Ibodova Nasiba Komilovna
Asian International University,
Department of "History and Philology".
Associate professor, f.f.f.d. (PhD)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14738912
Abstract. This article presents ideas about the emergence of linguistic and cultural studies.
Also, the poetry of the Jadid Enlightenment is analyzed from a linguistic and cultural perspective.
Keywords: Jadid, innovation, development, colonialism, politics, Egypt, Turkey, Caucasus,
Turkestan, innovation, enlightenment and culture, Jadids from Turkestan, "Taraqqi" newspaper,
Jadid schools, Jadid textbooks.
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НОВОЙ ПОЭЗИИ
Аннотация. В статье излагаются идеи о возникновении лингвистических и
культурологических исследований. Также поэзия джадидского Просвещения анализируется
с лингвистической и культурной точки зрения.
Ключевые слова: джадид, новаторство, развитие, колониализм, политика, Египет,
Турция, Кавказ, Туркестан, новаторство, просвещение и культура, джадиды из
Туркестана, газета «Таракки», джадидские школы, джадидские учебники.
The word "Jadid" is Arabic and means "new", a supporter of innovation. In Russian-
language sources it is written as "Novomethodnaya musulmanskaya shkola". Educational reform
is considered one of the directions of the general Jadid movement. This movement emerged in
Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a result of the intensification of the colonial
policy of Tsarist Russia. In general, during these periods, the Jadid movement emerged as a
political movement in Egypt, Turkey, the Caucasus, Turkestan and other countries. Jadids, as
progressive people of their time, were distributors of innovation, enlightenment and culture among
the people. The Jadids of Turkestan considered their main goal to see their homeland independent
and free. They believed that in the national liberation struggle, not weapons, but the provision of
educational knowledge to the people played an important role. For this reason, they began
publishing a newspaper called "Taraqqiy" in 1906 [1,10].
The main idea was to prevent the people from falling into a national perspective, the Jadids
opened Jadid schools in various cities of Turkestan and began to promote secular sciences,
including natural sciences, along with religious sciences. The main weapon for them was science
and enlightenment, and they were not satisfied with the old school education system and lived with
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the goal of ensuring national development by opening new schools. Gaspirinsky, who came to
Turkestan from Crimea, occupies a special place in the Jadid enlightenment movement. He
founded the first school among Russian Muslims - the Jadid school - the innovation school "Usuli
Jadid". Its school system, textbooks, and teaching methods were close to the European education
system [2,60].
The socio-political changes of the early 20th century led to changes in the content and form
of the art of speech. Internal fluctuations in poetry, which has been the leading form of literature
in our country for centuries, consistently brought about genre, rhythmic and intonation
innovations. Until the 20s of the 20th century, aruz remained the leading genre. “It is known that
aruz has been the leading genre of Uzbek poetry for ten centuries, starting with “Kutadgu bilig”.
Without denying that during this long-term "triumphal march" of the aruz, there were changes,
growths, and processes that prepared its negation, until the beginning of the 20th century, the rules
of the aruz took on a strict form and maintained this status. The Jadid aruz also initially appeared
in these traditional forms."[3; 214] The love motif that formed the basis of classical Uzbek lyrics
was mainly associated with two objects for centuries - the earthly beloved and God. Only the Jadid
poets dramatically changed this direction in lyrics. Putting the people and the nation in the center
as lovers was truly a revolution in national poetry. Thus, images such as the lover, the lover, the
flower, and the nightingale in the lyrics of the Jadid poets became associated with the fate of the
Motherland and the nation.
We know that new areas are entering modern linguistics around the world. These include
sociolinguistics, text linguistics, gender linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and linguoculturology.
The concept of culture is an important concept in this. The word culture has many
meanings. There are more than 400 definitions of this word in the literature. We encounter this
word in its main meaning. The science of linguoculturology deals with the exchange relations
between language and culture.
In recent years, the science of linguoculturology has begun to study the issues of language
and culture in detail. According to V.V. Vorobev, "today, linguoculturology can be considered as a
new philological science that studies a set of cultural values, selected in a certain way, studies the
living communicative processes of speech creation and perception, the experience of a linguistic
individual, and the national mentality, systematically provides a linguistic image of the worldview,
and ensures the fulfillment of the cognitive, educational and intellectual tasks of education. Thus,
linguoculturology is a complex science that reflects the interaction and mutual influence of culture
and language and this process as a whole structure of linguistic and non-linguistic (cultural)
units".[4; 125]
Linguoculturology emerged as an independent direction of linguistics in the 1990s.
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Linguoculturology is a science that studies language as a cultural phenomenon, and its
subject is language and culture in their interrelationship.
The object of linguoculturology is the study of the relationship and mutual influence of
culture and language as a whole. The subject of linguoculturology is linguistic units that have
acquired symbolic, figurative, metaphorical meaning in culture and the results of which are
generalized in the human mind and reflected in myths, legends, folklore and religious discourses,
poetic and prosaic artistic texts, phraseologisms, metaphors and symbols. In this case, a certain
linguoculturological unit can belong to several semiotic systems at once: a certain custom can turn
into a phraseologism, a proverb, a saying.
Linguocultural studies, one of the main areas of the anthropocentric direction, which is
currently considered one of the leading paradigms in world linguistics, emerged in the
collaboration of ethnography, linguistics, cultural studies, and psycholinguistics. Linguocultural
studies is a field that studies the interaction and influence of language with culture, ethnicity, and
national mentality based on the principles of the anthropocentric paradigm [5; 8-9]. As is known,
this field was formed in the last quarter of the 20th century, and the term “linguoculturology”
appeared in connection with the research conducted by the Moscow phraseological school under
the leadership of V.N. Telia. When talking about the emergence of linguoculturology, almost all
researchers emphasize that the roots of this theory go back to W. von Humboldt. In scientific
literature, it is emphasized that the views of linguists such as A.A. Potebnya, L. Weisgerber, H.
Glink, H. Holz, U.D. Whitney, D.W. Powell, F. Boas, E. Sapir, B.L. Whorf, G. Brutyan, A.
Vejbitskaya, D. Jaime played an important role in the formation of this field. The main goal of
linguoculturology is to study the reflection of culture, national thinking, and the specific aspects
of its perception of the world in language.
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