ISSN:
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2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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ANALYSIS OF LINGUOCULTURAL UNITS
N.K. Ibodova
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti dotsenti, f.f.d. (PhD).
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15034562
Abstract.
This article analyzes the close connection between linguocultural studies, one of
the new areas of linguistics, and research on issues related to communicative linguistics and text
linguistics, the anthropocentric approach to text study, cognitive linguistics, pragmatics,
psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, linguo-regional studies, and ethnolinguistics.
Keywords:
linguocultural studies, linguistics, science, communicative, text, linguistics,
anthropocentric, approach, cognitive, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, linguo-
regional studies, ethnolinguistics, field, issues, analysis, research, analogy.
АНАЛИЗ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ ЕДИНИЦ
Аннотация.
В статье анализируется тесная связь лингвокультурологии, одного из
новых направлений языкознания, с исследованиями по вопросам, связанным с
коммуникативной лингвистикой и лингвистикой текста, антропоцентрическим подходом
к изучению текста, когнитивной лингвистикой, прагматикой, психолингвистикой,
социолингвистикой, лингворегионоведением и этнолингвистикой.
Ключевые слова:
лингвокультурология, лингвистика, наука, коммуникативный,
текст, лингвистика, антропоцентрический, подход, когнитивный, прагматика,
психолингвистика, социолингвистика, лингворегионоведение, этнолингвистика, поле,
проблемы, анализ, исследование, аналогия.
Today, modern research pays great attention to the linguocultural aspects of similes. The
author of the book “Linguoculturology” V.A.Maslova emphasizes that similes reflect the national
worldview of a particular people, and substantiates this idea based on the analysis of simile devices
used in Russian, Belarusian, and Kyrgyz. In her opinion, devices such as his eyes shine like Issyk-
Kul, his stature is as tall as a deer, and his strength is as strong as Manas reflect the national
worldview of the Kyrgyz people.
V.A.Maslova also emphasizes that the figurative thinking style of a particular people is
clearly manifested, in particular, in the similes used in the language of that people. This opinion of
the scientist is also confirmed by stable similes in the Uzbek language.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
313
The materials collected for the “Explanatory Dictionary of Similes of the Uzbek Language”
indicate that the attitude of the people to a particular object, sign, action, situation, associative
thinking style are also reflected in similes.
Uzbek linguist N. Mahmudov names the components of simile in his articles as follows:
subject of simile, standard, basis, formal indicator of simile. [1; 19-24]
The studies of D.Khudaiberganova [2;], G.Jumanazarova [3;] discuss traditional and stable
similes, their role in folk oral literature. Several articles by the young researcher D. Ashurov
discuss similes and their functional and cultural features in the epic poem "Alpomish" [4; 104-
107]. In particular, the cultural details of similes with flower and moon components are highlighted
using examples.
In her monograph "Anthropocentric Study of the Text," linguist D.Khudoyberganova
classifies stable metaphors about humans in the Uzbek language into the following semantic
groups:
1. Similes related to human organs.
2. Similes related to human appearance.
3. Similes related to human physical characteristics.
4. Similes related to human voice.
5. Similes related to human speech.
6. Similes related to human character.
7. Similes related to human condition.
8. Similes related to human behavior.
Let's dwell on each of these similes separately. Similes related to human div parts: tall
like an alif / cypress / sambit / shamshod, small mouth like an angustifolia, red eyes like a
pomegranate, sharp eyes like an eagle, red lips like a cherry, white as rice, thin, black eyebrows
like a leech, thin eyebrows like a thread, round face like a smile, black hair like the night, big nose
like a ladle; similes related to human appearance: ugly like Azrael, fat like a scythe / mesh,
handsome like a giant, dark as rust, thin like a sprout, beautiful like the moon, handsome like a
hornet, thin like a poplar, thin like a grasshopper / ghost / kosov / stick; similes related to human
physical characteristics: strong as a dragon, strong as a bear, brave as an elf, graceful as a flower;
similes related to human voice: roar like a bear / lion / lioness / camel, howl like a wolf, roar like
thunder, ring like a bell; similes related to human speech: speak like a machine, walk like a quail
/ nightingale, bark like a dog, bark like a dog, chirp like a sparrow; similes related to human
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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character: as fragile as a walnut, as innocent as a saint, as empty as my aunt's calf, as gentle as silk,
as loyal as a dog, as stupid as a cow, as harmless as a mouse, as white as milk, as straight as a stick,
as cunning as a fox, as stubborn as a donkey, as meek as a sheep; Similes related to the human
condition: to be stiff like a frog / candle / statue / stone, to tremble like a person with malaria, to
rejoice like a young child, to turn pale like a wall / gray, to rejoice like a beggar who has found
gold, to be confused like a beggar who has lost his bag, to be sad like an orphan, to melt like butter,
to be impatient like a needle, to be full like a snake, to grin like a burnt head, to blush like a beet /
turnip, to relax like a loaf of bread dropped into water; Similes related to human behavior: stick
like glue, look like a sheep, run like a wild animal, work like a dog / giant / donkey / ox / slave,
hide like a hungry hawk, protect like the apple of an eye, jump like a monkey / goat, drink like an
ox / dog / pig / ox, crawl like a turtle, shoot like an arrow.
The Uzbek language's human-related metaphors show that the number of metaphors
expressing human states and movements is greater than that of other linguistic groups. Next in line
are metaphors expressing human limbs. So, it can be concluded that Uzbek speakers more often
express human states of movement figuratively.
The words chosen as a standard for similes are also linguistic units that indicate the
linguocultural characteristics of the Uzbek language. It is known that in similes related to the
character and behavior of a person, Uzbek speakers use more words denoting various animals and
species as standards. For example, loyal like a dog, stupid like a mule, harmless like a donkey,
stubborn like a donkey (related to character); to work like a dog, jump like a goat, crawl like a
turtle, crawl like a snake, walk like a nightingale (similes related to behavior.
In the Uzbek language, the use of plant and fruit names as metaphors is also common.
Examples of such metaphors include words such as sambit, shamshod, cypress, poplar,
beet, turnip, cherry, apple, walnut, etc. It is obvious that the use of words denoting animals as
metaphors is associated with the act of expressing a person's subjective attitude. For example, the
number of metaphors in which the word dog has been used as a metaphor is more than ten, and all
of them are applied to humans. The snake metaphor also has this feature.
V.Maslova, paying special attention to the anthropocentric aspects of analogies, wrote:
“The fact that the objects being compared belong to different circles that are far from each other
reveals a whole chain of additional associations that require each other, which, while ensuring the
completeness of information, also enhance the impression; the further apart the objects being
compared are in reality, the brighter their impression becomes.
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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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The heuristic function of analogies is also manifested in the fact that they allow us to learn
the realities of the world more deeply and broadly, to understand their various and often
unexpected aspects.”
In general, similes are recognized in the literature on linguistic and cultural studies as a
linguistic and cultural wealth of the language, along with metaphors, metonymy, proverbs and
idioms. Such cultural units are sometimes evidence of the mentality of an ethnic group, as well as
the level of expression of real reality through language. They also indicate the socio-spiritual
development of the people. Stable similes are stored in linguistic memory on the basis of a certain
pattern and are in the form of a stable combination with a connotative color. In a certain sense,
they rise to the level of a standard. The standards of similes reflect the history, present, living
conditions, and thoughts of the speakers of the language. M. Juraev puts forward the idea that the
use of animal names as the basis for similes in folk epics is also associated with religious beliefs
[5;]. Indeed, the occurrence of animal names in anthroponyms, phraseologisms, and stable similes
somewhat confirms this. D. Ashurov concludes that the original source of stable similes is the
creators who grew up among the people, and that, in fact, each simile is the product of someone's
creativity [6; 104-107].
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