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BASICS OF CARIES SHARPENING AND ITS CAUSES, PREVENTION OBJECTIVES.
Kurbanova Nodira Voxidovna
Faculty of Medicine, International University of Asia, Uzbekistan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15037924
Abstract.
Some historical aspects of the development of minimally invasive treatment of
dental caries are covered. Invasive sealing, prophylactic filling, ART-method and tunnel
restoration of dental caries are described. The indications, contraindications to these methods,
as well as the evaluation of the long-term results of dental caries treatment are given. In the 2nd
edition (the 1st edition was published in 2005) description and illustrations of some methods of
preparation of hard tissues of teeth (bate-cave, slot), FDI recommendations on the strategy of
minimally invasive treatment are added. Test questions are offered for self-control of knowledge.
It is intended for 3rd year students of the Faculty of Dentistry, clinical residents.
Keywords:
caries, prophylactic filling, Micromet-II, normal microflora.
ОСНОВЫ КАРИЕСА И ПРИЧИНЫ ЕГО ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ, ЗАДАЧИ
ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ.
Аннотация.
Освещены
некоторые
исторические
аспекты
развития
малоинвазивного лечения кариеса зубов. Описаны инвазивная герметизация,
профилактическое пломбирование, ART-метод и туннельная реставрация кариеса зубов.
Приведены показания, противопоказания к этим методам, а также оценка
отдаленных результатов лечения кариеса зубов. Во 2-м издании (1-е издание вышло в
2005 г.) добавлены описание и иллюстрации некоторых методов препарирования твердых
тканей зубов (бейт-каве, щель), рекомендации FDI по стратегии малоинвазивного
лечения. Предложены контрольные вопросы для самоконтроля знаний. Предназначено
для студентов 3-го курса стоматологического факультета, клинических ординаторов.
Ключевые слова:
кариес, профилактическое пломбирование, Микромет-II,
нормальная микрофлора.
The role of dental plaque in the etiology of dental caries
According to some scientists, dental plaque is an accumulation of leukocytes and
desquamated cells of the oral mucosa epithelium. The quantitative and qualitative composition of
the microbial flora of dental plaque is variable. Diverse species composition of microorganisms
and normal microflora of the oral cavity. With poor oral hygiene increases the number of
bacilliform organisms and gram-negative cocci. Fusobacterium, Actinomyces and Veilonella
appear on day 4-5.
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Spirochetes, Spirella and Gram-positive bacilli account for 50% of the total microbial
flora on day 7. The duration of plaque maturation varies from 1 to 3 days. A distinction is made
between supragingival plaque, which is localized above the gingiva, and subgingival plaque,
which extends into the gingival sulcus and is characterized by the predominance of anaerobic
microorganisms.
Metabolic processes in the subgingival plaque occur with the participation of gingival
fluid. The majority of microorganisms in dental plaque are acid-forming. Plaque microorganisms
are the main etiologic factor of caries. The rate of plaque formation is of great importance. It is
established that the higher the rate of plaque formation, the more pronounced cariesogenic
properties it possesses.
Introduction
Scientific research in dental materials science has led to the identification of adhesive
systems as a separate class of materials [1-3]. Composite restorations cannot provide reliable
bonding and marginal adhesion to enamel Section “Medical and Biological Sciences” and dentin
without the use of adhesion systems. Disruption of the tooth-fillings interactive zone leads to
impaired marginal adaptation and microleakage of the restoration, which resulting in
depressurization and possible secondary caries. Adhesion strength is one of the most important
characteristics of any material being developed. Without ensuring a sufficient level of adhesive
strength, the high functional properties of materials cannot be realized. Studies of adhesive
strength of modern adhesive systems and their influence on the mineral component of dental
hard tissues remain topical.
Objective
To evaluate the comparative characteristic of adhesive strength of self-etching adhesives
and photocomposites with dental hard tissues on the basis of microstructural analysis and
microhardness determination. Material and methods of research For experimental studies, human
premolars removed for orthodontic indications were used. The teeth were in physiological
solution. Teeth with a shelf life of no more than 6 months from the moment of extraction are
used for testing [1].
Preparation of cavities for filling was carried out with diamond burrs with red, yellow and
white marking rings. Before applying the adhesive, the enamel was selectively etched with 37%
orthophosphoric acid for 15 seconds. Next, BeautiBond Universal Adhesive (Shofu), a self-
etching adhesive, was applied to tooth number 1 according to the manufacturer's instructions.
BeautiBond Universal Adhesive is a one-component adhesive that provides etching, first coat
and bonding in one working step. The filler-free and HEMA-free formulation facilitates water
separation while producing an adhesive layer only 5 microns thick.
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On tooth number 2, the self-etching adhesive Prime & Bond Universal (Dentsply) was
applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The adhesive formula balances hydrophobic
and hydrophilic properties to ensure complete coverage and penetration into dentin. The
formulation includes acetone, methacrylates (resins - di- and trimethylacrylate and
dipentaerythritol pentacrylate monophosphate), and cetylamine hydrofluoride (cetylamine
hydrofluoride). Next, the prepared cavities of both teeth were filled with Beautifil Flow 02
flowable composite material (Shofu), with a layer thickness of 2 mm. Then Beautifil II
composite material (Shofu) was applied layer by layer, the thickness of each layer did not exceed
2 mm.
The technique of preparation of fillings of filled teeth consists of the following steps:
1-the tooth is placed in a mandrel, filled with epoxy resin solution and allowed to harden;
2-grinding and polishing of grinds are performed on Forcimat and Forcipol machines.
machines manufactured by Metcon (Turkey). Determination of the adhesive strength of the
filling-denture boundaries was carried out on the cross-slides by measuring the microhardness on
the Micromet-II microhardness meter made by Buehler (Switzerland). The technique consists in
poking an indenter (diamond pyramid with a sharpening angle of 136o) into the boundary of the
filling-dental junction with a load of 200 g. This technique is based on the method of
determining the adhesive strength of thin layers of coatings recommended in the following
sources
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