ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
412
ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY USING SOLAR
PANELS.
Abdullaeva Dinara Kopalbaevna
Baxitjanova Kamshat Jambil qizi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11649828
Abstract.
This article reviews the latest advancements in solar panel technology, focusing
on improvements in efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It covers new materials, such as perovskites,
and innovative applications, including integration into buildings and large-scale solar farms. The
article also addresses environmental impacts and the challenges of production scaling and
geographic limitations. The goal is to highlight key progress and future directions in the field of
solar energy.
Key words:
solar panels, renewable energy, photovoltaic cells, sustainability, clean
energy, electricity generation, solar power, environmental impact, energy efficiency, cost savings.
АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ
СОЛНЕЧНЫХ БАТАРЕЙ.
Аннотация.
В этой статье рассматриваются последние достижения в области
технологий солнечных панелей с упором на повышение эффективности и рентабельности.
Он охватывает новые материалы, такие как перовскиты, и инновационные применения,
включая интеграцию в здания и крупномасштабные солнечные фермы. В статье также
рассматриваются воздействие на окружающую среду, проблемы масштабирования
производства и географические ограничения. Цель – осветить ключевые достижения и
будущие направления в области солнечной энергетики.
Ключевые слова:
солнечные панели, возобновляемые источники энергии,
фотоэлектрические
элементы,
устойчивость,
чистая
энергия,
производство
электроэнергии,
солнечная
энергия,
воздействие
на
окружающую
среду,
энергоэффективность, экономия затрат.
I. INTRODUCTION
Solar power generation is becoming an increasingly important component of the energy
strategy of many countries. This is due to increasing pressure on environmental sustainability and
the desire to diversify energy sources. This article examines various aspects of solar energy use in
Uzbekistan, including the current situation, potential for development, and the main types of solar
energy systems. We will also discuss various approaches to organizing solar energy systems, such
as grid-tie, off-grid and hybrid systems.
We conclude with recommendations for using IoT-based monitoring technology to
improve power generation efficiency. The use of such technologies will allow for constant
monitoring and optimization of the operation of solar panels, which will significantly increase their
performance and reliability. These measures not only help increase the efficiency of solar energy
use, but also create a more sustainable and manageable energy system.
II. RELEVANCE OF THE WORK
Uzbekistan has seen significant growth in installed solar panel capacity in recent years,
driven by active efforts to stimulate the development of renewable energy sources and diversify
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
413
the energy sector. Uzbekistan is committed to accelerating the development of solar energy by
investing in solar energy projects and taking strategic measures to develop the sector. This strategy
is a key energy priority and aims to achieve long-term sustainability and reduce dependence on
traditional energy sources. Germany, China, the USA and India are important geographical areas
showing high interest in solar energy. These countries play a key role in the global development
of solar energy, which is reflected in both the production of solar panels and the overall
consumption of solar energy.
Uzbekistan also has ambitious plans for the introduction of solar energy. The country aims
to have up to 30% of its electricity generation come from renewable energy sources by 2030. Given
the favorable climatic conditions for solar energy, Uzbekistan has significant potential in this area.
It is important to note that the gross and technical potential of solar energy in Uzbekistan
represents significant figures, which indicates the possibility of using solar energy as an important
source of energy in the country. This means that using existing technologies and infrastructure it
is possible to significantly increase the share of solar energy in Uzbekistan’s energy mix.
The absolute value of the annual energy of solar radiation falling on the territory of
Uzbekistan exceeds the energy potential of the known reserves of carbon raw materials in the
country. However, at the moment only a small part of this potential, just 0.6 million tons of oil
equivalent, is used for electricity generation using solar energy, representing only 0.3% of the total
technical potential.
Among the territories of Uzbekistan, the most promising for the implementation of projects
for the construction of solar power plants are the Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya and
southern parts of the Navoi regions, where the average global temperature radiation is 2028
kW/hour per year per square meter.
In 2022, electricity production in Uzbekistan increased by 15.3 billion kilowatt-hours
compared to 2016, which is 25.9 percent.
III. MODELS OF ORGANIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
1.
Grid-tie inverter:
An on-grid system is connected directly to the electrical grid. Solar
panels generate energy, and this energy can be used at home or sent back to the grid if there is
excess. This system does not have a battery for backup power, which means that if there is a power
outage, the system will not be able to operate as it depends on the connection to the grid.
2.
Off-grid:
An off-grid system is designed to operate without being connected to an
electrical network. Typically such systems include batteries that store energy for use at any time,
including during power outages. An inverter converts direct current (DC) into alternating current
(AC), which is used to power household appliances. A standalone type system offers greater
independence, but requires proper battery management and additional equipment.
3.
Hybrid:
Hybrid systems combine elements of grid and autonomous systems. They include
a battery and can be plugged into the mains. In a hybrid system, the inverter can send energy to
the grid when the battery is fully charged, or use energy from the battery when the grid is
unavailable. Built-in MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) optimizes battery charge. Hybrid
systems provide greater flexibility, allowing you to take advantage of both types of systems.
IV. SOLAR ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
414
Applications of the Internet of Things concept include the implementation of various
projects such as solar cities, smart villages, microgrids and solar street lights. In the context of the
rapid development of renewable energy sources, a system for online monitoring of solar energy
consumption is proposed as one of such sources. Intelligent analysis of data on the use of
renewable energy sources allows users to effectively manage their energy consumption, which in
turn influences the expansion of the use of renewable energy sources and solving problems
associated with electricity supply.
Picture 3. "Solar panel control scheme using IoT technologies and a solar tracking
system."
The implementation of this system includes several key components and processes which
are shown in Figure 3.
Monitoring and Data Transfer: The ESP8266 module analyzes the current level of energy
received from the solar panel and transmits this data via Wi-Fi to a central database. This database
is available for analysis on smartphones or computers.
Charging and Power: The energy collected by the solar panel is sent to the TP4056 charging
board, which is responsible for charging the lithium-ion battery. This charged battery in turn
powers the LED bulb, providing constant illumination.
Optimized Efficiency: The MG90S servo motor, controlled by an Arduino Uno, actively
controls the angle of the solar panel to ensure it is optimally positioned relative to the sun. This
process improves the energy efficiency of the entire system, maximizing solar energy collection.
In this way, the system ensures continuous monitoring and optimization of solar energy
use, making it efficient and environmentally sustainable.
Table 1. Description of solar panel control devices using IoT technologies
1 Solar panel main source of energy
2 The ESP8266 module analyzes the current energy received from the solar panel and
transmits the data via Wi-Fi to a database for further analysis using a smartphone or computer.
3 The TP4056 charging board receives electricity from the solar panel and transfers it to
the lithium-ion battery.
4 The lithium-ion battery stores energy for later use.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
415
5 The LED lamp is powered by a lithium-ion battery.
6 MG90S servo motor rotates the solar panel at right angles to the sun to improve
efficiency.
7 Arduino Uno Controls the direction of the servo motor to provide sun tracking.
It is important to note that the application of the Internet of Things concept to renewable
energy sources such as solar energy plays a key role in improving the efficiency and sustainability
of energy supply. The implementation of an online monitoring and optimization system for solar
energy consumption through IoT technologies demonstrates the potential of this approach to
improve energy resource management and promote environmental sustainability.
Conclusions
The introduction of solar panels with modern monitoring systems represents an effective
and strategic approach to the production and management of electricity. These systems not only
help reduce energy costs and reduce the load on the electrical grid, but also provide the ability to
control and optimize your energy needs.
The operating principle of such a system is based on monitoring the current energy
produced by the solar panel and transmitting the data to a database via Wi-Fi for further analysis.
Electricity from the solar panel charges a lithium-ion battery, which powers consumers such as an
LED lamp. At the same time, the servo motor rotates the solar panel at the optimal angle to the
sun, increasing its energy efficiency.
Such systems ensure stable and reliable operation of solar installations and also promote
awareness of energy conservation and energy efficiency. Overall, they represent a promising and
environmentally sustainable solution to today's energy needs, helping to create a more sustainable
and efficient energy system.
REFERENCES
1.
BENY. Solar Inverter Installation Guide
2.
BENY. – URL: https://www.beny.com/ru/solar-inverter-installation-guide/.
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Cabalci, Ersan, Gorgun A. and Cabalci Y., 2013. “Design and Implementation of a
Renewable Energy Monitoring System.” Power Engineering, Energy and Electric Drives
(POWERENG), Fourth International Conference. IEEE, 2013.
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Jiju K. et al., 2014. “Development of Android based online monitoring and control system
for renewable energy sources.” Computer, Communications and Control Technology
(I4CT), International Conference. IEEE, 2014.
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Yoshihiro G. et al., 2007. “Integrated control and remote monitoring system for
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