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Gulmiraxon Mamajonova, Andijan State University Philology Faculty
“Russian Language” branch, first year student
Umidjon Jumayev, Namangan State University Philology Faculty “English
Language” branch, first year student
WHAT ARE THE REAL AGES OF THE ANCIENT SURVIVING LANGUAGES?
G. Mamajonova U. Jumayev
Abstract: AS the years go by through the ages, hundreds of the languages
have been disappeared in the consequences of usage and demand issues of
the language among the people. However, we have still some languages that
have been surviving through rise and falla of the faith.
Keywords: ancient languages, Tamil, Sanskrit, Greek, Chinese, Hebrew,
Arabic.
In the article, we have collected some evidencing information that show
as the clear data of the oldest surviving languages and usages of them with
time periods.As many scholars and researchers are still not entirely sure of
how old language is, but overall consensus us that it's been with us since
around 100 000BC. As a consequence of this disagreement, it's even harder
to easily accept which the oldest surviving language is. One, that's still in use
in our modern life.
As far as written languages go, Sumerian is the language of ancient
Sumer that was spoken in Mesopotamia where is called asIraq now, and
Egyptian was an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in ancient Egypt seem to
possess the earliest writing systems and are among the earliest recorded
languages, dating back to around 3200BC. But the oldest written
communication that's still in actual use would probably be Chinese, which
first appeared around 1500BC. Although Ancient Greek also appeared
during a specific written form round the same time. But when a language got
written down for the primary time doesn’t really have anything to try to to
with how old it's. Once we get into languages that are still in use, there are
some interesting differences.
Tamil: The earliest discovered written samples of Tamil go back to 300
BC. However, supported other evidence, scientists believe that it first
appeared around 2500 BC. It procedured three main stages such us Old
Tamil (from about V BCE to VII CE), Midlle Tamil (VII-XVI), and Modern
Tamil (from XVI). And while it's going to not be known to tons of individuals
on our planet, today Tamil is spoken by around 78 million people. Although
a few letters with irregular shapes were standardized during the modern
period. A script known as Vatteluttu which makes it the longest surviving
language within the world.
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Sanskrit: It is the traditional language of India which may be connected
to 2000BC in its earliest written form. Sound and oral transmission were
highly valued qualities in ancient India, the structure of words and it’s
exacting grammar into a “collection of sounds, a kind of sublime musical
mold”, states Biderman, as an integral language they called Sanskrit. While
today only a really small group of individuals still speak the language, it's
had an outsized influence on several western languages as a part of the
common Indo—European language root. What you would possibly not
know is that the essential language of computers were also constructed
along the principles of Sanskrit.
Greek: Best referred to as the language of philosophers and learners,
Greek is the official language in 2 countries Greece and Cyprus, a recognized
minority language in 7 other countries, and is one of the 24 official languages
of the European Union and is recognized as a politician language by the ecu
Union. Greek remains spoken by quite thirteen million people. Records
reveal that the language traces back to around XV BC.
Chinese: Chinese is the only most spoken language over the world today
with appropriately 1.2 billion people (it is equal to 16% of the world’s
population) who consider it their mother tongue. Currently, most
classifications are populous by far is 800 million Mandarin speakers,
followed by 75 million Min speakers, 74 million Wu and 68 million Yue
speakers are the basics of the Chinese language. The written origins of the
language are linked to XII BC within the late Shang. Chinese is one of the
oldest surviving languages in the world.
Hebrew: While many believe that Hebrew has been used for the last five
thousand years, its earliest written examples date only to X BC. Hebrew is
the only Canaanite language still spoken and the only truly successful
example of a revived dead language. It's also a stimulating example because
it ceased to be a spoken tongue from II CE to IV CE and was only really
resurrected as a living language after the creation of the state of Israel after
the second World War. at the present, around 9 million people speak
Hebrew across the World.
Arabic: Another ancient language with only relatively recent written
examples is Arabic. The earliest example of Arabic inscription dates back to
512 CE. During the Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in
Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many
European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Today, about
300 million people consider Arabic as their mother tongue, including the
UAE, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait
and Oman.
Don’t allow yourself to slide into a forgotten history! Scientists have
created Rosetta stone type archives with versions of an equivalent text in
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many languages as an effort to go away clues behind about our languages for
the day once we are not any longer around, or no-one speaks them anymore.
Keep a journal and perhaps at some point you’ll be a part of the written
account of your language.
This is just a short list of the languages that we still know and use today.
There are more languages but they’re either not spoken, or lost during the
history waves as no written records have ever been.
References:
1.
Annamalai, E,; Steever, S. B. (1998), “Modern Tamil”, in Steever,
Sanford (ed.), The Dravidian Languages, London: Routledge, pp. 100-128,
ISBN 978-0-415-10023-6.
2.
George Cardona (2012). Sanskrit Language. Encyclopedia Britannica.
3.
1922-, Adrados, Francisco Rodriguez (2005). A history of the Greek
language: from its origins to the present. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-
12835-4. OCLC 59712402.
4.
Kloter, Henning (2004). “Language policy un the KMT and DPP eras”.
China Perspectives. 56. ISSN 1996-4617. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
5.
Saenz-Badillos, Angel (1993) [1988]. A History of the Hebrew
Language. Translated by Elwolde, John. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
9780521556347.
6.
Ethnologue, Simons, Gary F. and Charles D Fennig (eds.). 2018.
Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 21
st
edition, Archived from the original
on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Khabibulla Kazakov, Urgench branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy
Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine
THE OBJECT OF RESEARCH OF DIDACTICS
Kh. Kazakov
Abstract: This article discusses the research objects of didactics, their
origins and their differences.
Keywords: didactics, research, students, activity theory, law.
The subject of research of didactics is "teacher-educator", "learner",
"curriculum, textbooks and other didactic materials" and "methods and
techniques of teaching", which organize the educational process. », a
functional connection between" teaching aids ".
The aim is to prove that the existence of this connection stems from the
internal laws of the educational process and to develop them in proportion
to each other. This means proving that if any element in the educational
process changes, other parts of it need to be adapted. For example, if the
