Том 4 № 2 (2025)

In the modern education system, it has become necessary to teach students not only traditional knowledge but also the skills of independent thinking and active participation in social life. Today, an essential component of this process is the development of functional literacy. The ability of students to think independently plays a crucial role in expanding their worldview and enhancing their creative potential. Therefore, it is necessary to apply innovative approaches, methods, and strategies in developing functional literacy among students.

В статье рассмотрены вопросы создание функциональных пищевых продуктов на основе инулинсодержащего растительного сырья позволит обеспечить обеспечить население функциональным питанием диабетического характера. Чайный напиток на основе растения артишок, содержит в своем составе фолиевой кислоты и витаминов C и K, они также содержат важные минералы, такие как магний, фосфор, калий и железо которые имеют важное значения для организма человека.

This article explores the methodology for developing the pedagogical culture of future specialists. The formation of pedagogical culture contributes to the development of professional skills, moral values, and creative abilities of specialists. The article discusses methods such as pedagogical training, experience exchange, interactive learning, psychological approaches, and the use of technological innovations. Additionally, it analyzes the importance of personal and creative activity, empathy, environment, and social context in developing pedagogical culture, as well as the processes of reflection and effectiveness assessment. The research includes recommendations related to modern approaches to enhancing the stages of developing pedagogical culture and its impact on professional training.

This article analyzes the significance of the national idea in the formation of spirituality and the role of education in the development of society. The national idea is considered a crucial factor in strengthening the spiritual foundations of society and ensuring individual development. Additionally, the article explores the impact of the educational process on social and cultural dynamics and its role in shaping moral values. Based on scientific analysis, the influence of the national idea and education on social stability and progress is substantiated.

Non-carious dental lesions are fairly common diseases that almost every dentist encounter during his work. Among them, one should single out a disease that manifests itself in the form of a special shaped defect in dental tissue. At the initial examination, it immediately catches the eye, as the defect takes on a wedge-shaped shape. Due to its appearance, this disease was called a wedge-shaped defect [1]. According to studies, every year there are more and more patients with this pathology. Many scientists attribute this to the improper use of hygiene products, and others to the excessive consumption of products containing acids. The prevalence of this defect increases with age, most often it is found in people older than 45 years [2]. This lesion violates the aesthetic appearance of a smile, and in addition, it can lead to increased sensitivity of the teeth [3]. Scientists have not come to a consensus about the causes of the disease and the methods of its treatment [4]. However, in many cases, the disease can be prevented by applying simple methods of prevention.

This article analyzes the antonymous relationship between the concepts of friendship and enmity in English and Uzbek folk proverbs. It explores how these two concepts are expressed differently in each culture while reflecting the worldview, values, and social norms of the respective people. The paper highlights the contrast between friendship and enmity as they are presented in folk proverbs, focusing on their mutual opposition and their common themes. The comparison reveals significant cultural insights into these fundamental human relationships.

To analyze laboratory changes in peripheral blood and myelogram in adult patients with aplastic anemia.

This rеsеarch еxplorеs thе rolе of spirituality and valuеs in strеngthеning rеsistancе to thе influеncе of Wеstеrn mass culturе. It dеlvеs into how dееply-rootеd spiritual bеliеfs and cultural valuеs sеrvе as a protеctivе barriеr against thе dominancе of globalizеd Wеstеrn idеologiеs. By еxamining diffеrеnt cultural contеxts, thе study highlights thе importancе of maintaining a strong sеnsе of idеntity and tradition in safеguarding sociеtal and individual rеsiliеncе. Thе papеr also discussеs how spiritual practicеs and valuе systеms contributе to shaping attitudеs and bеhaviors that rеsist cultural assimilation.

To analyze the functional significance of polymorphism of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFa (G-308A) gene in the development of aplastic anemia.

This articlе analyzеs thе diffеrеncеs in thе formation of paronyms in thе Uzbеk and Еnglish languagеs. Paronyms arе phonеtically and morphologically similar, but sеmantically diffеrеnt words, and thеir formation pattеrns arе manifеstеd diffеrеntly in both languagеs. Thе articlе providеs a comparativе analysis of thе linguistic naturе of paronyms, thеir structurе, formation mеchanisms, lеxical-sеmantic propеrtiеs, and pragmatic functions. Thе similaritiеs and diffеrеncеs of paronyms in thе Uzbеk and Еnglish languagеs ​​arе considеrеd from an еtymological, structural, and functional pеrspеctivе. Thе rolе of thеsе lеxical units in linguistics and thе problеms that may arisе in thе translation procеss arе also highlightеd. Thе rеsults of thе study arе of grеat importancе in thе procеss of languagе lеarning, translation practicе, and linguistic rеsеarch.

Bu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf oʻquvchilarining nutqini rivojlantirishda tasviriy san’at namunalaridan foydalanishning maqsadi hamda metodik tavsiyalar haqida soʻz boradi.

This article discusses the crucial role of educators in shaping the personality of individuals, emphasizing the importance of communicative skills and pedagogical influence in educators. It highlights the significance of fostering motivation in students to control their speech and communication skills.

This article analyzes the importance of using modern technologies in the process of planning and implementing scientific research. In order to increase the effectiveness of scientific research, the specific aspects of the use of artificial intelligence, data analysis tools, digital learning platforms and cloud technologies are highlighted. Also, modern software and applications for researchers, their role in scientific processes and methods of application are considered. As a result, practical recommendations are given on modern technologies that serve to increase the quality and effectiveness of scientific work.

Maqolada islom banklarining ayrim jixatlari oʼrganilgan, asosiy vositalarining xususiyatlari tavsiflangan, ularning afzalliklari va kamchiliklari aniqlangan. Turli mamalakatlarda islom banki faoliyatining tajribasi oʼrganilgan va Oʼzbekistonda islom banklarini joriy etish istiqbollari taxlil qilingan.

Obesity is a serious global health issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global prevalence of obesity has significantly increased over the past decades. Today, obesity affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to a range of health problems. According to 2020 data, 39% of adults aged 18 and over worldwide were obese, meaning that one in every four people suffers from obesity. Over the years, the prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing. Obesity is not only limited to adults but is also widespread among children and adolescents. Around 18% of children aged 5 to 19 years worldwide are prone to obesity.

ushbu maqola orqali shaxsning ijtimoiy shakllanishiga ta’sir qiladigan ta’sirlardan biri – oilaviy muhit va uning o’ziga xos psixologik hususiyatlari yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, jamiyat ijtimoiy taraqqiyoti jarayonidagi shaxsning ijtimoiy shakllanishining ahamiyati hamda, bunga doir bir qator olimlarning fikrlari ham ko’rsatib o’tilgan.

Рекомбинация генов, несущих положительные признаки и свойства исходных форм служит основой получения ценных для селекции высоко гетерозисных гибридов люцерны.

Определить возможность применения немедленной нагрузки при протезированиина дентальных имплантатах.

Изучение принципа действия, безопасности и эффективности HIFU-терапии в лечении больных локализованным раком простаты.

The article is devoted to the problems of digital currencies in Germany. Types of digital currencies and their status in Germany are considered. The author analyzes the approaches of the legislator, regulator and doctrine to the content of the concepts of “blockchain”, “digital assets”, “tokens”, “cryptocurrency” and others. The Federal Electronic Securities Act of 2021 (ESS Act) and other changes in the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the German approach to digital assets are identified. The EDS Act defines the rules for registration and exchange of digital assets in Germany. Rights to them are traded through electronic registries. One of the central innovations is the license for blockchain trading systems. Adapting German law to new technologies increases transparency, market integrity and investor protection.

Рекомбинация генов, несущих положительные признаки и свойства исходных форм служит основой получения ценных для селекции высоко гетерозисных гибридов люцерны.

Bugungi kunda mamlakatimizda atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish, tabiiy resurslardan oqilona foydalanish, sanitariya va ekologik holatni yaxshilashni ta'minlash sohasida izchil ishlar olib borilmoqda. Atrof-muhit muhofazasi nihoyatda muhim. Yashash uchun tabiatni asrashimiz, tabiiy resurslarni oqilona boshqarishimiz, ulardan tejamkorlik bilan foydalanishimiz zarur. Shuningdek, bugungi kunda yer sharidagi ko'plab ekotizimlar zaxirasi deyarli butkul tugab, ortga qaytarib bo'lmaydigan darajaga yuz tutgan, boz ustiga aholi nufusi o'sib borayotgan, iqtisodiy taraqqiyotga ehtiyoj kun sayin ortayotgan vaziyatda atrof-muhitni saqlash har qachongidan ham dolzarb vazifa sanaladi.

This article is dedicated to the development of optimal concrete composition for road pavements and the study of European experience. The article analyzes various types of concrete and their characteristics used in European countries. It also discusses the process of developing optimal composition and the possibilities for adapting European standards and technologies to local conditions. The consideration of ecological aspects and the use of innovative materials are of significant importance. The research findings provide recommendations aimed at improving the quality of road pavements and enhancing economic factors.

Ichki ishlar organlari xodimlarining faoliyati turli-tuman hujjatlarni har kuni tuzish, rasmiylashtirish, oʻrganish bilan bogʻliq. Yuqorida ta’kidlaganimizdek, boshqaruv fanida hujjat deganda, izlanishi, birovga topshirilishi, saqlanishi shaklida hujjatlar tizimida aylanishi mumkin boʻlgan har qanday axborot tashuvchisi tushuniladi.

Печеночная энцефалопатия (ПЭ) представляет собой прогрессирующее нейропсихическое расстройство, которое развивается на фоне хронической печеночной недостаточности и является важным осложнением заболеваний печени, таких как цирроз и острые печеночные заболевания. ПЭ может проявляться различными неврологическими и психическими расстройствами, от легкой когнитивной дисфункции до комы, и напрямую связана с накоплением токсичных веществ в организме, таких как аммиак.Ингибиторы протонной помпы (ИПП), такие как омепразол, пантопразол и лансопразол, широко используются для лечения заболеваний, связанных с гиперсекрецией желудочной кислоты, таких как гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь и язвенная болезнь. Несмотря на свою эффективность в контроле кислотности желудка, ИПП могут оказывать воздействие на кишечную микробиоту и обмен веществ, что может играть роль в развитии или прогрессировании ПЭ у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями печени.

Mazkur maqola o‘quvchilarda internet xavfsizligini ta’minlash va xavfsiz axborot olish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish muhimligini yoritadi. Tadqiqotda internetda xavf-xatarlardan himoya qilish, axborotning to‘g‘riligini va ishonchliligini aniqlash, shuningdek, o‘quvchilarga internet xavfsizligi va axborot olish bo‘yicha zarur ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada o‘quvchilarning internet xavfsizligi bo‘yicha bilim darajasi va ularning axborot olish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan metodologiyalar va pedagogik yondoshuvlar keltirilgan.

This article discusses the issue of Amir Temur's approach to the principles of justice during the state administration reflected in “Temur tuzuklari” (Timur’s laws).

Инсон ҳуқуқлари – инсоннинг туғма ва ажралмас ҳуқуқлари бўлиб, улар инсоннинг қадр-қимматини, эркинлигини ва жамиятдаги ўрнини белгилаб беради. Инсон ҳуқуқларининг ҳуқуқий-социологик табиати бу ҳуқуқларнинг ҳуқуқий асослари ва жамиятдаги ижтимоий ролининг ўзаро муносабатини тушунтириш учун муҳимдир. Бунда ҳуқуқий нормалар ва ижтимоий механизмлар ўзаро интеграция қилинади, бу эса жамиятда барқарорлик ва адолатни таъминлашга хизмат қилади. Ҳуқуқий нуқтаи назардан инсон ҳуқуқлари жамиятда қонун устуворлигини таъминлашнинг муҳим қисми ҳисобланади.