SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
42
METHODS OF SEISMIC PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS.
Buriev А.Т.
dots.
Abubakirova X.Y.
master.
(Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13741154
Annotation.
In modern earthquake-resistant construction, very urgent
importance is attached to ensuring the reliability of buildings and structures,
provided that additional materials, funds and labor costs are rationally spent on
their seismic intensification. This article provides information on ways to ensure
the earthquake resistance of buildings.
Key words:
seismic isolation; seismically isolated buildings and structures;
seismic resistance damping layer, active seismic isolation.
Introduction
. The traditional method of ensuring earthquake resistance of
structures involves increasing the load-bearing capacity of structures by
increasing their size and strength of materials, and in buildings with brick walls,
seismic belts, reinforced concrete inserts, additional strengthening of walls, the
intersection of longitudinal and transverse walls are used.all this requires a
significant increase in the amount of building materials and tools. An increase in
the amount of materials leads to an increase in the rigidity and weight of the
structure, which in turn leads to an increase in inertial loads. Traditional
methods and means of protecting buildings and structures from seismic impacts
are currently fundamental in construction practice. They include a large
complex of various activities aimed at increasing the load-bearing capacity of
construction structures, the design of which is domestic and foreign
construction. When designing, as a rule, it is recommended to adopt symmetrical
design schemes and achieve an even distribution of the rigidity of structures and
masses. The requirement of equal strength of the elements of supporting
structures must be observed, weak nodes and elements should not be allowed,
their premature release can lead to the destruction of the structure, until its
load-bearing capacity is exhausted. In buildings and structures made of
prefabricated elements, it is recommended to place joints outside the zone of
maximum movement, it is necessary to ensure uniformity and monolithic of
structures due to the use of reinforced prefabricated elements. In structures and
their compounds, conditions must be ensured that facilitate the development of
plastic deformations, while ensuring the overall stability of the structure.
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
43
Мaterials and methods.
Constructive solutions of partitions during an
earthquake should ensure the independent operation of each of them. This is
achieved by installing antiseismic seams that can be combined with temperature
or sediment. In addition, buildings are characterized by antiseismic seams, if its
adjacent plots have differences in height of 5 m or more (if the calculated
seismicity is 7 points, it is possible not to arrange antiseismic seams in one-story
buildings up to 10 m high). Stairs in buildings are provided indoors with
window openings in the outer walls. The location and amount are determined by
the calculation in accordance with the regulatory Fire Protection documents; it
is recommended to take at least one staircase between the antiseismic seams.
Interior floors and cladding, which act as stiffness diaphragms, ensuring the
distribution of seismic load between vertical load-bearing elements in multi-
storey buildings
To avoid the possibility of dangerous resonant vibrations of the first
flexible basement building in earthquakes with large dominant periods, V.
Kucherenko [6,18] developed the construction of buildings whose joints were
removed. The solar system is called flexible and is designed to reduce inertial
loads in a building that occurs during seismic exposure. Adaptation to seismic
effects is achieved by the use of special structural elements that increase the
rigidity of the structure in its initial state and are extinguished when the
amplitude of the seismic vibrations of the structure reaches a certain threshold
level. In this case, all seismic loads must be fully accepted by the supporting
structures of the structure in the case when additional solid connections are
disabled. The disadvantage of this technical solution is that after the burned
contacts are destroyed, they must be immediately restored during an
earthquake, which is not always possible in practice.
Figure 1.
Design solution OKF 1-kinematic supports; 2 - Support
Foundation; 3 - lower cladding of the building; 4-slip shock absorbers.
The production of racks with spherical ends and high-precision rolling
surfaces requires higher accuracy, which is characteristic of more machine-
building production than the construction industry, which limits the mass
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
44
application of this design.
Seismic protection systems with kinematic support.
Among the many
seismic insulation devices, one should highlight the class of supporting
kinematic foundations (OKF), which is relatively simple in a technical solution
that meets production requirements
construction work .The OKF implements
the mobility of a building or structure relative to a monolithic or prefabricated
foundation with stationary support, which is tightly connected to the soil. This
goal is achieved with the help of supporting elements (OE), which are the
rotational bodies of a certain shape and configuration on which the main
structure rests. When a certain level of excitation is reached on the slab of the
OE foundation, it becomes possible to create movements of the building relative
to the ground.
The disadvantage of this technical solution is that with an
increase in the number of floors, stress concentrations appear in the zones of
installation of load, kinematic supports, respectively, which leads to the
expenditure of additional material for strengthening these zones, as well as with
the floor.
Figure 2.
Kinematic foundation and their condition in construction.
Among the many seismic isolation devices, one should highlight the class of
supporting kinematic foundations, which is relatively simple in a technical
solution that meets production requirements. The difference between kinematic
seismoisolating foundations and other seismoisolations is that the
seismoisolation of a building is achieved at the expense of the elements that
move between its upper part of the ground and the floor. the lower sphere is
placed below the center. Spheroidal supports are used in conjunction with
dempfer devices ,accessible connections(vklyuchayutshiesya svyazi) and
limiting struts (pori ogranichiteli) in order to prevent vibration above the
amplitude allowed at the base during an earthquake.
Dynamic vibration dampers.
In addition to the systems mentioned above,
systems that increase attenuation characteristics are used to reduce the inertial
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
45
forces that arise in structures during earthquakes. These systems are especially
effective for tower-type structures. Depending on the constructive execution of
elastic bonds, dynamic erasers are divided into three groups:
-
Maiatnik
-
Combined
The disadvantages of this technical solution are the complexity of the
systems and the large material costs for their maintenance.
Figure 3.
High-rise structures with seismic protection under the influence
of wind power
Named for the fact that these pendulum supports are under seismic
influence, the insulated structure located on such supports performs movements
similar to that of a pendulum with friction. The mandatory components of the
pendulum support of any type are one or additional deep spherical surfaces, one
or more adjusters, sides on surfaces that slide into them (they limit the
horizontal movement of the sliders).
Conclusions
. The analysis of existing structural systems, articles, publications
and patents in this article shows that the disadvantages of close structural
analog systems of seismic insulation do not ensure the overall rigidity and
monolithic of the building, as well as the inability of the building to move in all
directions in terms of the amount of foundation displacement during an
earthquake. At the same time, there are no methods for calculating these tasks
when using a computer using the finite element method. Thus, the scientific
problem lies in the lack of methodology for modeling the mechanism of seismic
isolation, study and analysis of work.
References:
1.
Machmudov S. M., Samieva S. K. Quantitative assessment of the reliability
of the system" foundation-seismic isolation foundation-building" //Central
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
46
Asian Journal of STEM. – 2021. – Т.– №. 2. – С. 445-452.
https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=
ru&user=kzGnBtQAAAAJ&citation_for_view=kzGnBtQAAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC
2.
Махмудов С. М., Самиева Ш. Х. КОНСТРУКТИВНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ
СЕЙСМОИЗОЛИРУЮЩИХ
ФУНДАМЕНТОВ
ЗДАНИЙ
//НАУЧНЫЕ
РЕВОЛЮЦИИ КАК КЛЮЧЕВОЙ ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. –
2021. – С. 36-38. https://os-russia.com/SBORNIKI/KON-393.pdf#page=36
3.
Khushvaqtovna S. S. Prof. Makhmudov Said Makhmudovich //Study of the
Operation of a Building Model with a Seismic Isolation Sliding
Belt//INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND
ANALYSIS
ISSN
(print).
–
С.
2643-9840.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=11592764159241392371&hl=en&
oi=scholarr
4.
Maxmudov S. M., Samiyeva S. X., Ruziyev S. I. ZILZILA PAYTIDA BINONING
ZAMIN BILAN O’ZARO TA’SIRINI VA SEYSMIK TA’SIRNING O’ZGARISHINI
HISOBGA OLISH //GOLDEN BRAIN. – 2023. – Т. 1. – №. 1. – С. 151-153.
https://researchedu.org/index.php/goldenbrain/article/view/4325
5.
Makhmudov S. M., Samiyeva S. X., Roziev S. I. MODELING OF SEISMIC
PROTECTION USING VISCOUS AND DRY FRICTION DAMPERS //GOLDEN BRAIN.
–
2023.
–
Т.
1.
–
№.
1.
–
С.
70-73.
https://researchedu.org/index.php/goldenbrain/article/view/4304
6.
Самиева Ш., Махмудов С. Экспериментальные исследования
сейсмостойкости зданий //Сейсмическая безопасность зданий и
сооружений.
–
2023.
–
Т.
1.
–
№.
1.
–
С.
271-274.
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/seismic-safety-buildings/article/view/27518
7.
GMFN, Dos, Samiyeva Sh Kh, and Master MA Muminov. "DEFORMATION
OF MOISTENED LOESS FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDINGS UNDER STATIC AND
DYNAMIC
LOADS."
(2022).
https://scholarzest.com/index.php/ejrds/article/view/3049
8.
Khakimov G. A. et al. COMPACTION OF LOESS BASES OF BUILDINGS AND
STRUCTURES, AS WELL AS BULK SOILS AROUND THE FOUNDATION USING
VIBRATORY ROLLERS IN SEISMIC AREAS //Galaxy International
Interdisciplinary Research Journal. – 2023. – Т. 11. – №. 4. – С. 306-311.
https://www.giirj.com/index.php/giirj/article/view/5184
9.
Махмудов С. и др. Special sliding belt supports that protect buildings and
structures from earthquakes //Сейсмическая безопасность зданий и
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
47
сооружений.
–
2023.
–
Т.
1.
–
№.
1.
–
С.
90-94.
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/seismic-safety-buildings/article/view/27570
10.
Khushvaqtovna S. S., Makhmudovich M. S. SEISMIC REACTION OF FRAME
BUILDINGS WITH A COMBINED SEISMIC PROTECTION SYSTEM //IMRAS. –
2024. – Т. 7. – №. 2. – С. 151-157.
11.
https://journal.imras.org/index.php/sps/article/view/1080
12.
Бердимуродов, А., & Собирова, З. (2023). Zilzilaga chidamli binolarning
konstruktiv elementlari. Сейсмическая безопасность зданий и сооружений,
1(1), 185–189. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/seismic-safety-
buildings/article/view/27589
13.
Eshnazarovich, B. A. (2024). ZILZILAVIY HUDUDLARDA LYOSSLI ZAMINNI
ZICHLASH USULLARI. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В
МИРЕ, 42(2), 13-20. https://newjournal.org/index.php/01/article/view/13038
14.
Eshnazarovich, B. A. (2024). STRUCTURE SOLUTIONS FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF FOUNDATIONS ON LOESS SOILS IN SEISMIC
ZONES. Journal of Higher Education and Academic Advancement, 1(7), 56–61.
https://doi.org/10.61796/ejheaa.v1i7.732
