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Main measures and changes of farm activity in Uzbekistan
Sanjarbek MAMAJONOV
1
Andijan State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2022
Received in revised form
10 September 2022
Accepted 25 October 2022
Available online
15 November 2022
In the article has been analyzes the current archive materials
and scientific literatures that the farm activity in Uzbekistan
and its
main changes and measures. Besides, farmer’s activity of
country was illuminated by archive sources and historical
materials as well.
2181-
1415/©
2022 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss5-pp8-12
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Agriculture,
farm,
activity,
Uzbekistan,
economy,
reforms,
modernization,
Action strategy.
Ўзбекистондa фермер хўжалиги фаолиятидаги асосий
чора
-
тадбирлар ва ўзгаришлар
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
қишлоқ
хўжалиги,
фермер,
фаолият,
Ўзбекистон,
иқтисодиёт,
ислоҳотлар,
модернизация,
Ҳаракатлар
стратегияси.
Мақолада Ўзбекистонда фермерлик фаолияти ва унинг
асосий ўзгаришлари ва чора
-
тадбирлари замонавий архив
материаллари ва илмий адабиётлар орқали таҳлил
қилинади. Бундан ташқари, мамлакат фермерлари
фаолияти архив манбалари ва тарихий материаллари
ёрдамида ёритилган.
1
Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, “Theory of Civil Society” of Andijan State University
.
Жамият
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инновациялар
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Общество
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инновации
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Society and innovations
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3 №
5 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415
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Основные
меры
и
изменения
деятельности
фермерских хозяйств в Узбекистане
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
Сельское хозяйство,
фермер,
деятельность,
Узбекистан,
экономика,
реформы, модернизация,
Стратегия действий.
В статье проанализированы современные архивные
материалы и научная литература о фермерской
деятельности в Узбекистане и ее основных изменениях и
мероприятиях. Кроме того, фермерскую деятельность
страны освещали также архивные источники и
исторические материалы.
Agriculture field of all countries depends on farm activity. It is main agriculture
field around the world. After announcing the independence in our country government
paid special attention to objective and scientific study of the history of irrigation. In
particular, the priorities of the Action Strategy for modernization and accelerated
development of agriculture in five priority areas of development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan in 2017
–2021 include “improving
the reclamation of irrigated lands,
development of reclamation and irrigation networks, intensive methods of agricultural
production introduction of modern water and resource-saving agrotechnology, use of
high-yielding
agricultural machinery”
[1]. For this reason, study the history of irrigation
and development has been considered important in all periods.
In accordance with the Action Strategy for five priority areas of development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, in 2017 alone, 8.1 thousand hectares of potatoes, 27.2 thousand
hectares of vegetables 9,000 hectares of intensive orchards, 2,900 hectares of vineyards,
10,900 hectares of fodder crops and 4,000 hectares of oilseeds were planted [2]. As a
result of these measures, the damage caused by cultivation of cotton and grain in low-
yielding areas will be reduced by 80 billion soums reduction by UZS, additional 1 mln.
As a result of production of about 20.5 thousand new jobs in the regions, it was possible
to increase the number of people employed in these areas to 75.6 thousand, to double the
volume of fruit and vegetable exports. At present, the development of intensive
horticulture and viticulture through planting of high-yielding, early-ripening and sweet-
tasting dwarf and semi-dwarf trees on the basis of modern agricultural technologies, as
well as increasing the production of consumer and exportable fruits and vegetables in
world markets are among key tasks.
It is important to note that during 2011
–
2016, 31308 high-yielding stunted and
semi-stunted intensive orchards were established in horticulture on the basis of new
agrotechnology [3]. Seed-selection and variety selection play an important role in
increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. Extensive research has been conducted
on its introduction into production. As a result, for the first time in Central Asia, the
selection of seed, legume, berry, walnut crops were launched, laying the foundation for
creation of new varieties. Thanks to many years of scientific research, about 180 fruit and
grape varieties have been created, and about eighty of them have been included in the
State Register.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of March 5,
2016 “On measures to further developing raw material base of fruits,
vegetables and
meat and dairy products in 2016
–
2020, deepen their processing, increase food
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production and exports” [4]. According to resolution, a total of 180 investment projects
worth $ 595,886.3 thousand will be implemented for construction of new enterprises for
deep processing of agricultural products, reconstruction and modernization of existing
ones. According to this decision, in 2016-2020, 138 fruit and vegetable processing plants
with a capacity of 99,100 tons, 46 meat processing plants with a capacity of 16,500 tons,
79 dairy processing plants with a capacity of 34,850 tons and other food products will be
produced. It is planned to launch 153 new processing plants with a capacity of
26,840 tons [5]. As a result of implementation of systemic measures for deep processing
of agricultural products by 2020, compared to 2016, the volume of canned fruits and
vegetables increased by 79.4%, fruit juices by 80.5%, dried fruits by 73.1%, meat and
meat products by 59.5%, sausage products 68.8%, milk and dairy products 56.6%, butter
51.4%, confectionery 59.9%, vegetable oil 57.2%, sugar 24.0, cheese 2.5, canned meat 2,
4, increased fish production by 3.4 times and frozen fish by 2.8 times [6].
In the Action Strategy, total cost of international financial institutions for
agricultural development in 2017 is 337.8 million. It is planned to use the funds in the
following areas:
–
150 million dollars from the Asian Development Bank for the project
“Modernization of agricultural production”;
–
150 million from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
dollars for the project “Development of the livestock sector”;
–
23.8 million from the International Fund for Agricultural Development. The
project “Expansion of dairy production and development of
processing in Kashkadarya
and Jizzakh regions” was directed to the project.
In 2017, for the first time, about 1 million tons of grain were released, hectares of
land were planted with vegetables, potatoes, melons and legumes, and 5.5 mln. more
than a ton of products were produced. In the same year, instead of cotton and grain on
96,000 hectares of low-yielding areas, cabbage, various vegetables and greens were
planted on 32,000 hectares, and thousands of tons of products from these areas were
exported. Intensive orchards and new vineyards were planted on 11,000 hectares, and
greenhouses on 1,500,000 hectares. This year, the republic produced 8,377,000 tons of
grain, more than 2,900,000 tons of cotton, 12,450 tons of cocoons, 500,800 tons of rice,
22 million tons of fruits and vegetables and 12.3 mln. tons of meat and milk were grown.
According to the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of
October 10, 2017 “On organizational measures for further development of farmers,
dehkhan farms an
d landowners”, support in the field of storage and sale, including the
implementation of agro-technical measures and conclusion of contracts, the export of
products to foreign markets.
The measures outlined in “Action Strategy for five priority areas of d
evelopment of
the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-
2021” for the accelerated development and
modernization of agriculture will serve to develop the agricultural sector at a sustainable
pace, strengthen food security and increase export potential. In accordance with the
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of March 29, 2018 on
“Rural Development’ program, in 2018, construction and beautification works were
carried out in 386 villages in 159 districts. In these villages there are 142,000 detached
houses and more than a thousand multi-storey houses, 3,000 km road repair,
2.5 thousand km electricity, 2 thousand km construction and rehabilitation of drinking
water networks, construction of 2,400 markets and other infrastructure facilities [8].
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On April 17, 2018, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan issued a resolution
“On measures to organize the activities of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of
Uzbekistan”, according to which the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic Consiste
nt
implementation of the tasks of ensuring the coordinated implementation of priorities of
state policy in the field of agriculture. At the same time, according to this decision, the
Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan is instructed to:
–
Ensuring timely and quality implementation of requirements of laws of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, resolutions of the President and the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, normative legal acts;
–
Effective implementation of programs, action plans,
“
road maps
”
and other policy
documents on agricultural development, social and economic development of the regions
and solution of problematic issues in the field of agriculture.
On April 26, 2018, a video conference chaired by the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoev was held on issues related to effective organization of the
“Prosperous Village” program and the most important tasks in this regard. “Over the past
25 years, no practical work has been done to improve the appearance and beautification
of villages, except for construction of exemplary housing, for which no funds have been
allocated,” the head of state said. In many villages, important areas such as streets, social
facilities, drinking water, and electricity supply have been neglected and neglected
for years”
[9]. According to the Presidential Decree of June 27, 2018, the program
“Obod mahalla” was adopted.
According to it, in 2018, at least 2 neighborhoods in each city and at least
3 neighborhoods per year until 2022 will be radically renovated, construction and repair
of drinking water, electricity and natural gas, sewerage networks, groundwater level
reduction, as well as 5,607 km internal roads, repair of 369 social facilities, construction
of 969 market infrastructure facilities and service outlets [10]. For this purpose,
“Obod mahalla” funds have been established under local khokimiyats.
In the address to the Oliy Majlis on December 28, 2018, the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoev emphasized the reforms in economy of the
republic, in particular, in the field of agriculture, which is an integral part of it. In
particular, the reform of management system of agricultural sector, introduction of
advanced technologies for rational use of land and water resources, ensuring food
security were recognized as the most important tasks.
The following year, it was decided to establish 48 cotton-textile clusters to increase
cluster cotton production to at least 51%. At the same time, given the need to develop
comprehensively the activities of grain and fruit and vegetable clusters and the fact that
this sector is relatively new to the country, it was necessary to review the procedures for
state support, simplification of credit system, cost subsidies, land allocation.
In short, through the deepening of structural changes in agro-industrial sector of
the country, rapid development of production and further strengthening of food security
and production of environmentally friendly products through uninterrupted supply of
food and raw materials to processing industry. At the same time, as a result of care
provided to farms by government of the republic, their rational use of land, water,
machinery and other material and financial resources, productivity has increased from
year to year. These farms have achieved high results in cotton and grain sectors,
primarily due to the increase in their material interests as a result of their labor.
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REFERENCES:
1.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD
–
4947 of February
7, 2017 “On the Strategy of further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan” //
Collection of legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
–
№6 (766) –
Article 70.
–
Tashkent: Adolat, 2017.
2.
National Archive of Uzbekistan, M-110 fund, list 1, collection 902, page 58.
3.
Archive of Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Fund
975, List 20, Volume 51, Page 4.
4.
Archive of Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, fund
975, list 20, collection 51, page 9.
5.
National Archive of Uzbekistan, M-110 Fund, List 1, Volume 902, Sheet 59.
6.
Archive of Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, fund
975, list 20, collection 51, page 12.
7.
Tulyakov E., Dehkanov Sh., Rashidova Sh. and others. 3 years with action
strategy: expected results, high efficiency and high milestones.
–
Tashkent: Konrad
Adenauer Shiftung, 2020.
–
P. 42.
8.
Archive of Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
fund 975, list 20, Volume 51, page 16.
9.
Archive of Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
fund 975, list 21, volume 54, volume 36.
10.
National Archive of Uzbekistan, M-110 Fund, List 1, Volume 902, 60 pages.
