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Organization of amateur and professional folk choirs
Bakhtiyor SHOKIRKHONOV
1
Namangan State Pedagogical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received September 2022
Received in revised form
25 October 2022
Accepted 20 November 2022
Available online
25 December 2022
In this article, a person can reflect on his inner feelings and
real events by listening to music, performing it, creating
amateur and professional folk choirs, the activities of Uzbek
composers, and the activities of artistic amateur groups,
detailed information about their complaints.
2181-
1415/©
2022 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss11/S-pp40-47
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
music,
method,
school,
theater,
sheet music,
work,
choral art,
lesson,
qualification,
education,
tradition,
literature,
analysis,
culture,
art,
teacher.
Xavaskorlik va professional xalq xorlarining tashkil
topishi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
musiqa,
metod,
maktab,
teatr,
nota,
asar,
xor san’ati,
Ushbu maqolada inson musiqa tinglashi,
ijro etishi orqali o‘z
ichki his-
tuyg‘ularini, voqelik hodisalarini aks ettirishi,
havaskorlik va professional xalq xorlarining tashkil topishi,
o‘zbek
bastakorlar faoliyati, badiiy havaskorlik jamoalarining
faoliyati orqali keng rivoj topgan estrada yo‘nalishlari haqida
batafsil ma’lumot berilgan.
1
Teacher, Namangan State Pedagogical Institute.
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dars,
malaka,
tarbiya,
an’ana,
adabiyot,
tahlil,
madaniyat,
san’at,
o‘qituvchi.
Организация энтузиастических и профессиональных
народных хоров
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
музыка,
метод,
школа,
театр,
ноты,
произведение,
хоровое искусство,
урок,
квалификация,
воспитание,
традиция,
литература,
анализ,
культура,
искусство,
педагог.
В данной статье человек может отразить свои
внутренние переживания и реальные события, слушая
музыку, исполняя ее, создавая самодеятельные и
профессиональные
народные
хоры,
деятельность
узбекских
композиторов,
деятельность
творческих
самодеятельных коллективов подробная информация о
своих жалобах.
In the conditions of independence, the work of developing and strengthening the
spiritual culture of the people has become an important issue that has risen to the level of
state policy. Restoration of folk traditions and ancient holidays such as Navruz,
introduction of new
–
Independence, Constitution, knowledge and teachers’ holidays,
organization of international (“Eastern Songs” and other) music festivals and conferences
–
all this is music, including choir in the field of culture, it is necessary to find new forms
and accelerate its activities. The rise of creative forces in our republic is also reflected in
the field of children’s creativity. The development of the musical aesthetic education of
the young generation is supported by the contests “We are
the children of Uzbekistan”,
“Borderless beauty”, “The town of masters”, “The laughter of old stories”, famous poets
and composers Khaji Abdulaziz Abdurasulov, Jorakhan Sultanov, Mamurjon Uzokov,
Komiljon Otaniyozov singer competitions are closely helping. As new initiatives in this
direction, the “Uzbekistan is my homeland” song contest, contests of young artists
(including young singers) can be pointed out. In particular, rich and interesting
experiences have been gained in the “Uzbekistan my homeland” s
ong contest, which has
been held since 1997 [1]. All school choirs participate in it and show their best creative
abilities. The artistic programs of the teams were colorful and included the works of
Y. Shvarts, Sh. Yormatov, N. Norkhujaev, A. Varelas, A. Mansurov, D. Omonullaeva and
other composers. Choir leaders are doing creative and educational work with children in
the process of preparing for the song contest. “Our future” children are creative in the
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cultural life of the republic festival also left a bright mark. It was established in 2002 by
the “Bright Stars” foundation, Uspenski music school and “Festival” interclub. Children’s
art exhibition and children’s creative teams (including choir) participated in the festival
program. The musical culture of independent Uzbekistan is distinguished by the variety
of artistic types. This is evidenced by the currently existing national classical music
traditions, folk art, the work of composers, forms of artistic creativity, and widely
developed pop trends. In the work of modern composers, new works combining different
styles are appearing. Recently, there is also the creation of works created for children in
the direction of pop music.
N. Norkhudjaev’s musical fairy tale “Eagle and Mare”,
A.
Ergashev’s “Morozko”, “Underground King’s Treasure”, A.
Mansurov’s “Sultan of
Animals”, “Alien Robot” are vivid examples of this.
An outstanding musician, an active
promoter of children’s choir art, to the development of the children’s choir culture of
Uzbekistan, the achiev
ements in this field, People’s Artist of Uzbekistan, holder of the
order “For a healthy generation”.
The contribution of the artistic director and chief
conductor of the “Bulbulcha” children’s choir of the TV and radio company Sh.
Yormatov
is extremely important [2].
Many creative initiatives in the republican children
’
s choir are associated with his
name. He is always looking for new ways to develop choral culture. During his studies at
the conservatory, Sh. Yormatov organized a children’s choir under the
Republican palace
of children and adolescents. After graduating from the conservatory, Sh. Yormatov
continued his work at the same school as a choir leader and music teacher.
Sh.
Yormatov’s tireless organizational activity, enthusiasm, love for children, a
nd high
level of professional skill allowed him to raise the performance level of the choir to a
higher level in a short period of time. This choir, having found its creative way, has now
gained fame among lovers of choral music, and all music connoisseurs, has become a
participant and prize winner in various republican and foreign competitions and is also
active in all festive events held in our country. Sh. Yormatov’s creative thoroughness,
inquisitiveness, and inclination to new forms of music education for children allowed him
to organize school musical-choir classes. In most schools, children with musical abilities
were admitted to these classes. These were the first choir classes organized as part of
choir studios in our republic. All this became the basis for the activation and effectiveness
of choir training. It was during this period that Sh. Yormatov
founded the boys’ choir
group, which proved to be a stable and unique team at school. Its originality was
manifested, first of all, in the new direction of performance, which combines the
traditions of academic and Uzbek national singing. The concert perf
ormance of the boys’
choir soon made it famous and played an important role in encouraging Uzbek boys to
perform in the choir. Thus, in the middle of the 1970s, the “Boychechak” large choir
group, the boys’ choir and the girls’ vocal ensemble was founded i
n school 99 of Tashkent
city. Every year, the performance skills of the choral ensembles increased, their programs
expanded, and concert performances increased. Both choirs of the school were involved
in children’s television programs such as “Do, re, mi, fa, sol”, “Sing boyar”, “Let’s sing
together”. Choir group “Boychechak” toured Uzbekistan, took part in festival
-
competitions of Finnish and Bulgarian choral groups, and several times in song festivals
in Estonia. In 1970, the choir “Boychechak” became a c
hoir studio and was awarded the
title “Exemplary Children’s Choir of the Republic”. Due to the breadth of his touring
activities, his rich and colorful (world classical, a phrase from the choral works of Uzbek
composers) programs included various folk songs.
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Active creativity of Uzbek composers in the field of children’s choral music,
conducting various reviews, contests, festivals, and singing festivals. In 1970, a children's
choir was organized under the leadership of Sh. Yormatov under the State Television and
Radio Committee of Uzbekistan. To date, this group has become the children’s choir of
the most famous Uzbek television and radio company “Bulbulcha”. The sonorous, joyful
art of the children’s choir is known to all fans of choral music. The performa
nce of works
in the repertoire is distinguished by high skill, musicality, liveliness, and sincerity.
It should be noted that this team creatively relied on the experiences of famous choirs
(Children’s Choir under the Central Television and Radio of Russi
a, Choir Studio
“Pioneria”), and founded its own rules for the training and upbringing of choir
performers. Currently, there are about 600 children in the team, and it has the following
structure:
–
group of preschool children;
–
small choir group;
–
middle choir group;
–
boys choir group;
–
youth choir group;
–
folklore choir [3].
Sh. Yormatov invited choir conductors (almost all of them graduates of the
conservatory) to the choir team, who later became his colleagues, who passed the vocal
school in t
he “Bulbulcha” choir. These are S.
Olimov, A. Nesterova, I. Ruziev,
N. Ibrahimova, G. Mansurova, D. Sobirova, N. Mirzaeva are others. Due to the growing
interest in folklore and folk songs, new directions have appeared in the team's artistic
performance. The folklore ensemble, as well as dutor girls, circle players, folk musical
instruments, and dance (small and large groups) participants, instills in the listeners
a love of folk music. The team’s performance program and performance style helped
to unders
tand the characteristics of various folk songs. Thus, the “Bulbulcha” children’s
choir of the Uzbek television and radio company allowed each participant in the group to
become familiar with all genres and types of art. Sh. Yormatov attaches great importance
to the program of the choir and considers the promotion of children’s songs as its main
task. He himself, as a talented composer, wrote about 100 songs of various genres,
a cappella works. The themes of the songs are close and understandable to children, and
their content, meaning, and music are distinguished by their melodiousness and
impressiveness. Along with the works of Uzbek composers, Czech classical choral works
are always included in the team
’s repertoire, increasing children’s respect for world
culture. The large choir actively participates in concerts, records many songs on radio
and television, participates in national and international meetings, and is respected by
everyone. The Uzteleradio children
’
s choir team visited the 2nd meeting of the
“Comerton” club (composers and conductors of children
-teenagers, choir groups) held in
Moscow in 1981 under the chairmanship of Honored Artist of Russia G. Struve. The
debate on “Children’s Choir and Folk Music Traditions” was dedicated to the work of the
Uzbek State Television and Radio Choir team, the audience greeted the choir with great
interest and enthusiastically supported it. At this concert, G. Struve, who was impressed
by the high-performance skills of the choir, purity, brightness, and expressiveness of the
singing style, suggested calling the choir “Nightingale”
[4].
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This art group is located in Russia, Ukraine, Dushanbe, Baku, as well as children
who were in Yugoslavia, Finland, Congo, Turkey with great success at international
festivals of choral groups participated. The visit of “Bulbulcha” to the International
Children’s Song Competition in Yugoslavia was very fruitful: choir participants
N.Mirzaeva, B.Shokirov received the laureate title a
nd the “Golden Nightingale” prize.
Choir performances at the International Choral Music Festivals held in Turkey and Omsk
(1991) were successful. At that time, the famous Russian conductor G. Skolov praised the
“Nightingale” choir as “Eastern masterpiece”.
It should be noted that hundreds and
thousands of children, who participated in the team led by Sh. Yormatov, enter life as
musically literate and spiritually mature people, and keep their feelings of respect and
love for art for a lifetime. The basis of educational work in the choir is aimed not only at
teaching choir singing, but also at the formation of each choir performance as an
individual.
“It doesn’t matter what profession they take up in their independent life, the
important thing is that they bec
ome real people, and I believe in that”
, says Sh. Yormatov.
Sh.
Yormatov’s musical and educational works are particularly noteworthy. The radio
series “Song Spirituality” aims to reveal the beauty of the song, aimed at introducing
listeners to unique examples of choral art and works of Uzbek composers. The best
choral ensembles of our republic participate in this broadcast (for example, the
“Shodiona” ensemble of the Margilon City Children’s Art and Arts Palace, etc.).
Sh.
Yormatov’s TV programs “My song is
my soul song” and “We will sing together” are of
particular importance. In it, Sh. Yormatov interestingly describes the history of choral art
and song types, introduces the work of Uzbek composers, concepts and terms of music,
and gives importance to individual folk singing traditions. Many young men and women
who attended the vocal school at “Bulbulcha” later chose the profession of music.
After
graduating from the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan, they continue their work as
teachers, conduct music and choir lessons in schools, secondary and higher educational
institutions, organize vocal or vocal-instrumental ensembles, vocal pop studios
and groups (“Sevinch” S.
Rustamova, “Tantana” F.
Ziyomukhammedova and
Z.
Ziyomukhammedova, “Sarbon” F.
Saidov, “Bunyod” V.
Kuldoshev and others). famous
pop singers such as I.
Farmonov, the laureate of the “Nihol” award, D.
Rakhimova, Sevara
Nazarkhan, and M.
Saidumarov were trained in the “Bulbulcha” choir.
It should be noted
that Sh. Yormatov’s
many years of fruitful activity, his experience of organizing new
children's choirs and finding new forms of children’s musical education deserve to be
studied and widely implemented in Uzbekistan. The process of actively searching for new
forms of mass musical aesthetic education based on the factors of popularity,
consistency, and professional training was manifested in the organization of another bi-
akhor studio in the republic [5].
In 1972, a children’s choir was formed at the “Farkhod” House of Cultur
e in Navoi,
and a choir studio was established on its basis in 1979. Currently, more than 400 children
(from 4 to 16 years old) are working in the studio. The first head of the studio was
J. Larinova. All activities of this studio, from the organization of the educational process
to educational work, are aimed at forming each member of the choir as an individual,
enriching his spiritual world. The team of the studio
–
Nafaga is well known in the city of
Navoi, but also in the whole republic. This choir team, which is a multiple prize-winner of
the “Art Festival” competition in the republic, was awarded a diploma as a participant of
the 3rd Children's Song Festival held in Dubna, Moscow region, and became a permanent
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participant of the festival of choral songs in our country G. Struve, as well as O. Ionova
(Dubna) played a major role in the formation and development of the “Farkhod” studio,
the contacts and meetings with them determined the organizational and structural
features of the studio. The choir studio has close creative relations with the Union of
Composers of Uzbekistan. Composer Y. Schwarz and Sh. Yormatov is a close friend of the
studio. The studio consists of several choral groups, the composition of which depends on
the level of knowledge of the c
hildren. These groups are called “choir stages” and are
divided as follows:
–
“Tomchilar” youth choir group;
–
“Nightingales” five youth choir;
–
“Bells” six
-year-old choir:
–
small choir group;
–
middle choir group;
–
boys choir group;
–
candidate choir group;
–
adult choir [6].
The seventh choral stage
–
the adult choir is the leading choral group, considered
the main leader of the studio activity and the concert unit, and is the result of the
previous six stages of the choir. From the age of 4-5, children in the studio sing in the
choir and participate in music games (complex music exercises and methods related to
the systems of K. Orf, V. Koday, D. Kovalevsky). In the process of these games, children
acquire musical literacy, engage in rhythm, listen to music, children play musical
instruments, and all this affects their musical ability and emotional sensitivity to music.
Starting from the 1st grade, the participants of the studio (with certain knowledge, skills
and abilities in the field of music, of course) begin to learn to play tunes on a musical
instrument (piano, accordion, bayan, guitar), which and their choral performance helps
to strengthen their knowledge and skills. All children who express a desire to learn music
are accepted, and this is one of the advantages of the studio. With the help of choral
singing in all types of music lessons, children’s musical abilities develop, and they
develop and improve as creative individuals. Perhaps children with special abilities can
choose a musical profession, but most of them have a love and devotion to music.
The study plan of the studio defines the following set of subjects, and the
interaction between them is getting stronger year by year:
1. Choir
–
all stages;
2. Solfeggio
–
from the first grade;
3. Music literature
–
in higher grades;
4. Musical instrument
–
from the first grade;
5. Selective subjects
–
from the age of five:
a) drawing;
b) rhythmicity; [7]
It should be noted that, according to the curriculum, the activities are conducted
consistently, taking into account the age characteristics of the children according to the
plan. Choir stages in “Farkhod” work according to D. Ogorodnov’s stylistic system, using
children’s creative capabilities, taking into accou
nt their conscious imagination. She is
looking for ways to improve her singing skills and voice pedagogues, in most cases, refer
to modern methods of vocal performance. For example, choir leaders are using
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phonopedic exercises as a preparatory and auxiliary stage in the vocal work of
V. Emelyanov as an experiment; these exercises develop the muscles of the throat and
participate in the structure of the voice. Choral solfeggio exercises, which are included in
choir training, develop the ability to learn melody, harmonics, lado-functionality, as well
as feel the rhythm, signs given to children through hand movements, and modern
methodological tools are used on a large scale. The children’s theater studio
“Performance”, established in 1988 under the Children’s
Foundation of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, implements new forms of musical education for the young generation. Its
leader, N. Kurbanova, a devotee of children’s music education, and a cultural worker who
served in Uzbekistan, has thorough professional training and extensive organizational
and pedagogical experience. His pedagogical talent was fully demonstrated in the course
of directing the theater studio. Despite having a complete professional education,
N. Kurbanova is a singer who does not rely on the cl
assical methods (“academicism”) that
are important in its performance, choral art is patiently searching for new possibilities
and in this process, it is inspired and widely uses artistic performance methods. This
group is regularly engaged in concert activities, has recorded many songs for radio and
television, participated in festivals and creative meetings, and received public attention.
He is well known in the territory of the republic, but also in foreign countries. In 1990,
the team of the theater stu
dio “Performance” took part in Ashgabat, in 1991 in Moscow,
in the festival of children's groups in the Netherlands, in 1992 in the festival held in
Turkey, as well as in festivals in Germany and South Korea. Choral music festivals have
also become a good tradition, and in the process of conducting them, the main creative
forces in this field, achievements, as well as problems that have arisen in the system of
children’s music education are revealed. Since the 1970s, children’s choir festivals have
been hel
d regularly, and children’s choir art has been showing its achievements and level.
In 1971, the 1st Children’s Music School Choir Festival was held in Tashkent, and in 1974,
the 1st Republican Children’s Choir Festival was held.
Choral music festivals have also become a good tradition, and in the process of
conducting them, the main creative forces in this field, achievements, as well as problems
that have arisen in the system of children’s musical education are revealed. Since the
1970s, children’s choir festivals have been held regularly, and children’s choir art has
been showing its achievements and level. In 1971, the 1st Children’s Music School Choir
Festival was held in Tashkent, and in 1974, the 1st Republic Children’s Choir Festival was
held. In 1988
, many children’s choirs participated in the 1st Republic Choir Music
Festival held at Toshkent Conservatory. The first festival of children’s choir music was
held in Tashkent in April 1989. Teams of 20 children’s music schools took part in it. “This
spring festival of choral performance differs in essence from the festival held at the
Tashkent State Conservatory. It is a real children’s festival”. In this regard, the city tour
competition dedicated to the year of the family held in Tashkent in April 1998 is
noteworthy. Choir groups of several secondary schools, as well as children’s orchestras,
folk instruments, vocal, status ensembles, and dance groups of boarding schools,
gymnasiums, and lyceums took part in it. The program of the preview competition mainly
consisted of new works of Uzbek composers and reworked folk tunes. This competition,
which took place in the spirit of creative enthusiasm, demonstrated the rise of the status
of choral art, the growing artistic level of teams, and the changing repertoire and
methods of choral singing. “Song Festival” revealed the problems of professional music
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education and attracted the attention of another choral community to the choral genre.
It is gratifying that children’s choir performance is becoming an
integral part of the
republic’s professional choral art. As evidence of our opinion, we can cite the republican
festival of choral music called “Assalam Navruz” held in Tashkent in April 1999.
Choir
Festival, as well as the “Uzbekistan –
My Country” pagean
t new directions of choral art in
Uzbekistan
–
folklore ensemble, academic and folk choral singing. Festivals clearly
demonstrated the current state of choral art, its original source and reliable, unique
foundation of modern music culture. Choral art is of great importance in shaping the
human personality, emdiving high moral qualities in him, raising his civic duty and
spiritual world to the level of maturity. Elegant choral art helps a child to perceive the
world from a young age, and at the same time, it awakens his interest in life and his
desire for creativity. The principles that form the worldview of the choral culture are
especially important today, when universal spiritual values are being revived.
REFERENCES:
1. Jumayeva X. From the history of Uzbek choral music. T., 2000.
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P. 41.
2. Sharafiyeva N. Choir class. T., 2005.
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P. 32.
3. Jabbarov
A. “Composers and musicologists of Uzbekistan”. Tashkent, “New Age
Generation”, 2005.
–
P. 19.
4. Sharafiyeva N. Choral studies. Gulom Publishing House of Literature and Art.
T., 1987.
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P. 10.
5. Roziyev Sh. Chorus. Gulom Publishing House of Literature and Art.
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T., 1987.
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P. 61.
6. Rajabov I. Positions.
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Tashkent, 2006,
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P. 53.
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Tashkent, Teacher 1981.
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