№ 22 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

Ushbu maqolada “Umumiy pedagogika” fanini o‘qitishda konfliktologik yondashuvdan foydalanishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Pedagogik jarayonda yuzaga keladigan konfliktli vaziyatlarni aniqlash, ularni to‘g‘ri baholash va samarali boshqarish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishda mazkur yondashuvning o‘rni yoritiladi. Shuningdek, o‘quv jarayonida interfaol metodlar, keys-stadi, rolli o‘yinlar va muammoli vaziyatlarni modellashtirish orqali bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning konfliktlarni boshqarish kompetensiyalari rivojlantirish mexanizmlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

This article explores the psychological characteristics of student life and their impact on career orientation, focusing on the transitional period of higher education. Drawing on theories of developmental psychology and motivation (Maslow, 1943; Erikson, 1968; Deci & Ryan, 2000), as well as empirical studies in Uzbekistan and internationally, the research highlights how stress, identity formation, autonomy, and social influences shape students’ professional decisions. Findings show that while external factors such as parental expectations and societal norms play a role, intrinsic motivation and personal growth are the most significant predictors of sustainable career orientation.

In the era of globalization, the digital economy and information technologies have become the foundation of modern social development. They are not only tools for improving productivity but also powerful drivers of innovation, communication, and cultural transformation.

Ushbu tezisda akmeologiya fanining shakllanish va rivojlanish tarixi, uning asosiy nazariy yondashuvlari hamda zamonaviy raqamli ta’lim muhitidagi talqinlari tahlil etilgan. Akmeologiya fanining psixologiya, pedagogika va shaxs rivojlanishi bilan uzviy bog‘liqligi, shuningdek, insonning professional yetuklikka erishish jarayonidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Raqamli ta’lim muhiti akmeologik yondashuvni yangi bosqichga olib chiqib, talaba va o‘qituvchining interaktiv, moslashuvchan va shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan ta’lim jarayonida yuqori natijalarga erishish imkonini berishi asoslab berilgan. Tadqiqotda raqamli texnologiyalar yordamida akmeologiya fanini o‘qitish va amaliyotga tatbiq etishning afzalliklari, shuningdek, bu jarayonda yuzaga keladigan metodik va pedagogik masalalar tahlil qilingan.

Ushbu tezisda ayollar basketbolining hozirgi davrdagi rivojlanish xususiyatlari yoritiladi. Mutaxassislar jamoalarning samaradorligini oshirish uchun savatga to‘p tashlash aniqligini, himoya va hujumdagi texnik-taktik harakatlar samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan metodlarni qo‘llamoqdalar. Ayol organizmining fiziologik o‘ziga xosliklari tayyorgarlik jarayonida muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Mashg‘ulotlarda interval uslubi, aylanma va kompleks mashg‘ulotlar keng qo‘llaniladi. Xulosa qilib aytganda, ayollar basketbolida yuqori natijalarga erishish uchun jismoniy, texnik, taktik va psixologik tayyorgarlikning uyg‘unligi zarurdir.

Проблема исследования заключается в изучении тематики социального неравенства в русской и узбекской литературе XIX–XX веков, выраженной через образы «маленького человека» и «угнетенного крестьянина», в контексте социальных и культурных трансформаций. Цель статьи – провести сравнительный анализ эволюции этих образов в произведениях русских авторов (Ф.М. Достоевский, А.П. Чехов) и узбекских писателей (Чулпан, Айбек), выявляя универсальные мотивы и региональные различия в художественных приемах (реализм, фольклорные элементы). В результате установлено, что в русской литературе «маленький человек» отражает индивидуальное отчуждение в урбанизированной среде, тогда как в узбекской прозе «угнетенный крестьянин» символизирует коллективную борьбу против колониального и феодального гнета, интегрируя фольклорные мотивы. Исследование вносит вклад в понимание литературного диалога между русской и узбекской традициями, актуального для современных дискуссий о социальном неравенстве и миграции в постсоветском пространстве.

This thesis examines the content of the concept of know-how in international law and the main problems of its interpretation. It analyzes the fact that the concept is applied differently across various countries, that it is not fully covered in the TRIPS Agreement, and the ongoing debates on whether know-how should be included as an object of intellectual property.

Суд муҳокамасининг ошкоралик принципи аҳолининг одил судлов тўғрисидаги ахборотга бўлган эҳтиёжини қондиришга қаратилган. Сўнгги йилларда Ўзбекистоннинг ижтимоий-сиёсий хаётида ахборотлаштириш кенг йулга куйилмокда, бу тенденция суд тизимига ҳам таъсир кўрсатди. Интернетда судларнинг электрон ресурслари, реал вақт режимида суд мажлисларини трансляция қилиш каби маълумотларни олишнинг бундай усуллари мавжуд бўлиб, бу борада ўзининг классик маъносини йўқотмаган ҳолда, ошкоралик принципи одатий доирадан ташқарига чиқмокда.

This article examines the lexical-semantic characteristics of boys’ speech in Uzbek and English, drawing on data from natural child discourse, literary sources, and cultural narratives. The analysis reveals that boys’ lexical preferences gravitate toward thematic domains involving physical activity, competition, technology, heroic figures, and conflict resolution. Semantic structuring frequently employs binary oppositions such as strong/weak and winner/loser, reflecting culturally embedded models of masculinity. The study employs descriptive, contrastive, and functional analyses to identify similarities and differences between Uzbek and English data. While universal tendencies include goal-oriented semantic framing and assertive communicative style, cultural divergences emerge in the sources of lexical enrichment: Uzbek boys’ speech draws heavily from historical and communal ideals, whereas English boys’ speech is more influenced by fictional and commercial media. The findings contribute to gender linguistics by demonstrating the role of language in the early construction of gender identity and its embeddedness in socio-cultural norms.

Ushbu maqolada davlat tili darslarida zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan. Muallif ona tilini o‘qitishda interfaol metodlarning (aqliy hujum, “Insert”, klaster, “B-B-B”, debat va munozaralar, rolli o‘yinlar) qo‘llanilishi bo‘yicha misollar keltiradi. Shuningdek, axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalaridan (multimedia taqdimotlari, onlayn testlar, elektron darsliklar) foydalanishning afzalliklari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.

Ushbu maqolada amerikalik faylasuf Mortimer Adlerning ta’lim paradigmasi fuqarolik ongini shakllantirishdagi gnoseologik va aksiologik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Adlerning The Paideia Proposal (1982) asarida ilgari surilgan demokratik ta’lim modeli ta’limni insoniy qadr-qimmatni yuksaltiruvchi va jamiyatni demokratik qadriyatlarga yo‘naltiruvchi kuch sifatida talqin qiladi. Tadqiqotda Adlerning faol o‘qish nazariyasi va tanqidiy tafakkur konsepsiyasi sun’iy intellekt davrida ham fuqarolik ongini shakllantirish uchun dolzarb manba bo‘lib qolayotgani yoritiladi.