37
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
(ISSN
–
2689-1018)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
37-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
34
)
(2021:
5.
554
)
(2022:
6.
291
)
OCLC
–
1121105746
METADATA
IF
–
7.125
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the research on the use of lime-sulfur decoction and surface-active substance (surfactant)
against against the dangerous spider mites found in cotton plants. It was found that the use of cited preparations in
the Bukhara-6 type of cotton plant in moderation resulted in extra harvest in the amount of 4.2 - 4.4 centner per
hectare.
KEYWORDS
Cotton plant, spider mites, lime-sulfur decoction, surface-active substance, sulfur, preparations, yield, allatropic,
fungicidal, insecticidal, powder, nodular bacteria, surfactant.
Research Article
SULFUR PREPARATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN REDUCTION OF
DANGEROUS SPIDER MITES IN COTTON PLANTS (IN BUKHARA
REGION)
Submission Date:
February 28, 2022,
Accepted Date:
March 19, 2022,
Published Date:
March 31, 2022 |
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/Volume04Issue03-05
Sh.H.Tuhtaev
Associate Professor, Bukhara State University,
Uzbekistan
M.I. Artikova
Teacher, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
A.A. Ilyasov
Senior Teacher, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Sh. Norboeva
Master’s Students, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jabe
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
38
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
(ISSN
–
2689-1018)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
37-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
34
)
(2021:
5.
554
)
(2022:
6.
291
)
OCLC
–
1121105746
METADATA
IF
–
7.125
Publisher:
The USA Journals
INTRODUCTION
Sulfur feeding of plants is one of the present concerns.
Because a big portion of the sulfur in the soil is expelled
by the crop, the rest falls into the bottom layer of the
soil when the soil is washed away.
Sulfur is required for regular plant development and
growth. Sulfur, methionine, cysteine, and cystine are
compounds found in plants that conduct a range of
tasks and are essential to their survival. (1,2)
Sulfur plays a key function in oxidation reactions and
recovery reactions that occur in the process of protein
metabolism in plants. In its presence, nitrogen
accumulates from the atmosphere, generating nodular
bacteria.
Each year, sulfur reserves are replenished by rainwater
to a certain extent. This, albeit to a lesser extent, meets
the need for this element in agricultural crops.
However, due to sulfur leaching from the soil and
removal of it with a crop, a significant amount of sulfur
is lost each year. Because these element compounds
are in short supply in agricultural crop fields, the areas
where these crops are grown must replenish sulfur
stocks. Sulfur powder and lime-sulfur decoction
effectively protect agricultural crops from spider mites
and other diseases. In addition, they accelerate the
physiological processes of crops (3, 4, 5, 6).
It is known that sulfur is one of the most extensively
utilized and least harmful agricultural chemicals used in
our country. Sulfur and some of its compounds
simultaneously have insecticidal, acaricidal, and
fungicidal properties. In the beginning, sulfur was used
only as pesticide.
It is now commonly used as a fungicide and acaricide.
We do not, however, have complete knowledge
regarding these features. Plant and factory exhaust
gases are being used to recover natural sulfur ores or
conventional sulfur. The element sulfur is in the vapor
state in these gases. Ordinary sulfur is recovered in
Germany from the gases of metallurgical facilities and
the gases of gypsum production. Uzbekistan now
generates a huge amount of sulfur, which it exports to
other countries.
Ordinary sulfur. Sulfur is found in nature primarily in
two allotropic forms: rhombic and monoclinic crystals,
as well as in vast quantities in other crystalline forms.
At 2, 07, 112.8 degrees, the specific gravity of the
rhombic shape evaporates, insoluble in water and
stable at room temperature. In alcohol, it is almost
impossible to dissolve. The monoclinic form becomes a
rhombic shape during storage. In addition to the
rhombic and monoclinic forms, there are also
crystalline forms, which are also divided into other
crystalline forms. Cooling rhombic sulfur in the vapor
state yields monoclinically wrong sulfur. It transforms
into rhombic sulfur at temperatures below 95.50°C. At
1190°C, monoclinic sulfur evaporates.
Specific gravity is 1.96. It is resistant to temperatures
above 95.50 C. Ordinary sulfur is naturally mined from
sulfur deposits and is a natural product. Ordinary sulfur
is found in all parts of the globe. It can be found in
volcanic magmas and in the form of volcanic remnants.
Sulfur deposits in CIS countries are located in Karakum,
Govurdak, Shorsuv, Crimea, Povolje and other places.
The largest sulfur reserves are in Texas and Louisiana
(the US), and Sicily island (Italy). Initially, sulfur
preparations was found to be effective as an
insecticide against crystalline powder.
Insecticides and fungicides are currently sold as
crushed and sieved powders. The effect of a small
fungus on conidia is dependent on how efficiently it is
39
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
(ISSN
–
2689-1018)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
37-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
34
)
(2021:
5.
554
)
(2022:
6.
291
)
OCLC
–
1121105746
METADATA
IF
–
7.125
Publisher:
The USA Journals
crushed, according to researchers. The more crushed
the sulfur powder, the better the effect and the harder
it is to wash off the plant leaves under the influence of
rainwater or wind. If the sulfur powder is 27 in size, it
will not stick to the leaves or be stored for a long time.
Crushed sulfur contains up to 35% of particles smaller
than 10 in diameter, so it is more efficient than
crystalline sulfur. Those forms of sulfur do not get wet
in water, so it is recommended to add various additives
when using them by spraying.
Lime-sulfur decoction. Boiled polysulfide calcium is
formed from slaked and ground sulfur, and this liquid
is called a lime-sulfur decoction. Lime-sulfur decoction
was first recommended in 1833 to eradicate the plant
worm; for this 4.4 kg of quicklime, 0.27 kg of sulfur talc
and 0.11 kg of lamp oil were used. In 1851, the gardener
first used lime and sulfur in equal amounts to boil in
water. This liquid was called Grizonе liquid. In the
eastern United States, this liquid has been widely used
since the 1900s.
Lime-sulfur decoctions, which include 8 % to 25 %
polysulfide and 1 % to 4 % thiosulfate, are currently
available in many countries. Polysulfide and
monosulfide have a 3:1 to 4:1 ratio, with a strength of
20-25 Be (Bome). For the highest quality OOQ sample
in the U.S., 30-32% polysulfide calcium storage is
required. In this case, their specific gravity is 1.283-1.925
(32-33 Be). In Germany, 15-18 g of polysulfide per 100 ml
of lime-sulfur decoction should not be less than 18.5%
and the specific gravity should be 1,300.
To summarize, the additives added to lime-sulfur
decoction composition, the duration of boiling, and the
shelf life are all important factors in their preparation.
It is possible to prepare a good lime-sulfur decoction if
the above criteria are followed (7, 8).
Given the foregoing, the spiderm mites, which is one of
the most harmful pests, is the most dangerous pest
that can harm the cotton plant. In cotton fields, the
"common spider mite" kind is common, killing 30 to
40% of the crop.
According to F.M. Uspensky, spider mites kill 50-60% of
cotton in June, 35-40% in July and 2-6% in August (9, 10,
11).
These estimates have been averaging 10-12 % in recent
years, so it's important to look for ways to manage the
most hazardous pests, which proliferate quickly and
cause exaggerated damage. In view of this, the
experiments in cotton were carried out four times in
one variant, these are the following options: 1. Surface-
active substance (1; 1.5% and 2%), 2. Lime-sulfur
decoction (1% by bome) (comparative variant) 3. 600
liters per hectare when sprayed with control water.
Spider mites and other pests on the lower, middle, and
upper leaves of each plant in the study are taken into
consideration. The experiment took place on July 19,
2021, during a period of mass cotton fertilization. The
spider mites counted every 5 days to see how long the
preparation impact lasts. The average effect of the
surface-active substance from spider preparations in
the field, as indicated in Table 1, is 2 % concentrate
liquid, which has the greatest effect. After 20 days,
89.1% efficiency was reported, especially when sprayed
in comparison to other variations. The sulfur surface-
active substance with the highest biological activity
against spider mites is 2% liquid. Similarly, when
sprayed with 1% liquid, the biological efficiency is 71.3 %
after 15 days and 76.6 % after 1.5 % spraying.
40
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
(ISSN
–
2689-1018)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
37-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
34
)
(2021:
5.
554
)
(2022:
6.
291
)
OCLC
–
1121105746
METADATA
IF
–
7.125
Publisher:
The USA Journals
The results of the comparative and control options are presented in Table 1.
JONDOR OLIMJON ZAMINI
farm in the Khumin mahalla of Jondor district, Bukhara region (2021)
Table 1
Effect of surface-active substance
against spider mites
№
Variants
Concentrat
ion of the
preparatio
n
The average number of spider
mites per 100 leaves
Biological efficiency by day
Until
proces
sing
After processing
5
10
15
20
5
10
15
20
1
Surface-active
substance
1%
290
125
92
56
27
37.3
59.8
71.3
78.5
2
Surface-active
substance
1.5%
281
119
114
41
22
39.9
48.4
76.6
82.6
3
Surface-active
substance
2%
596
127
166
67
28
68.8
65.2
83.2
89.1
4
Lime-sulfur
decoction
comparator
1%
267
95
120
156
-
46.6
43.2
13.1
-
5
With control
water
-
318
212
255
214
138
-
-
-
-
JONDOR OLIMJON ZAMINI
farm in the Khumin mahalla of Jondor district, Bukhara region (2021)
Table 2
№
Variants
Fluid
norm
Weight of 1
bowl
Number of
bowls per
plant
Number
of plants
Cotton
yield
Norm of
preparations
used
Additional
1
Sulfur (SAS)
1%
400
4.3
7.0
98.9
29.7
4
1.8
2
Sulfur (SAS)
1.5%
400
4.4
7.2
100.2
31.0
6
3.1
3
Sulfur (SAS)
2%
400
4.8
6.7
99.7
32.3
9
4.4
4
Lime-sulfur
decoction
comparator
(1% bome)
400
4.8
6.8
98.9
32.1
1
4.2
5
(With) control
water
400
4.0
6.9
101.0
27.9
-
-
41
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
(ISSN
–
2689-1018)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
37-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
34
)
(2021:
5.
554
)
(2022:
6.
291
)
OCLC
–
1121105746
METADATA
IF
–
7.125
Publisher:
The USA Journals
The effect of a sulfur surface-active substance cotton
yield in JONDOR OLIMJON ZAMINI farm (Khumin
mahalla of Jondor district, Bukhara region) resulted in
the followings: in the experimental versions, the yield
difference was 29.7 - 32.3 centners, and the increased
(additional) yield was 1.8 - 4.4 centners. To summarize,
the surfactant sulfur is an effective measure in the fight
against spider mitess among modern chemical
preparations. The effect of poisoning with a
concentration of working fluid of 400l / ha lasts up to
25 days when sprayed with a tractor at a rate of 2%.
Lime is better than lime-sulfur decoction, so we
recommend spraying the suspension of 2% surface-
active substance with 400l / ha of working fluid for
production, and this drug is safe and cost-effective.
In conclusion, the time of boiling and the shelf life of
the additives added to the composition of Lime-sulfur
decoction and Surface-active substance are critical in
their preparation. If the above conditions are followed,
quality Lime-sulfur decoction and Surface-active
substance can be prepared.
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Muhammadiev B., Tuhtaev Sh. “Sulfur and its
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53-54.
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Hamroev A.Sh. and others. “Sulfur and harvest”
(farmers' pocket book) p. 3-7.
3.
Boltaev B.S. “The effectiveness of new sulfur
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Diss.k.s.kh.n -m 1988. 18 p.
4.
Hamroev A.Sh. and others. Sulfur and cotton
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Hamroev A.Sh. and others. Recommendations for
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Uspensiy F.M. What should be the system of
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Tuhtaev Sh.H., Khamraev A.Sh., Sodikov O.
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Sh.H.
and
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ожиев, Енилеев Н.Ш., Нафетдинов Ш.Ш.,
Тўраева Н.Н., Нематова Г.У. Инфлуенcе оф Тйпес
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