Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
34
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
34-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
In Vietnam today, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are the two largest centers of higher education in the country. In Hanoi,
there are about 135 universities and colleges. The system of universities and colleges here trains many important
professions, providing high-quality humans resources for the country of Vietnam. From the perspective of Pragmatics
Theory, the article initially explores research on the linguistic characteristics of communication between lecturers and
students in online teaching and learning at some universities and colleges in Hanoi, Vietnam. Online education is the
adaption of Vietnamese education to the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic, which affects global higher education and
Vietnam is no exception.
KEYWORDS
Pracmatics, communication, online education, lecturer, student, colleges, universities, Viet Nam.
INTRODUCTION
The name Thang Long - Dong Do - Hanoi is very closed
to every Vietnamese child. Hanoi - the beloved capital
of Vietnam. The reason is that in the heart of every
Vietnamese person always has:“Hanoi oi! Mot trai tim
Research Article
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN STUDENTS AND LECTURERS OF
ONLINE EDUCATION IN VIETNAM
Submission Date:
February 08, 2022,
Accepted Date:
February 16, 2022,
Published Date:
February 28, 2022 |
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume04Issue02-09
Nguyen Thi Dung
Dr. Linguistics, Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages – Vietnamese
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jssei
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
35
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
34-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
hong,...”(The song Hanoi mot trai tim hong composed
by musician Nguyen Duc Toan). Hanoi is the political,
economic and cultural center of the country. With the
peace-loving spirit of the Vietnamese people, in 1999,
Hanoi was awarded the title of “City for Peace” by
UNESCO. In Hanoi, Thang Long Imperial Citadel was
recognized by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage in
2010.
Regarding education, since the 11th century, Hanoi has
had exams under the academic system. Currently, with
about 135 universities and colleges. Each year, these
universities and colleges have thousands of graduates
graduating, providing human resources with expertise
in all fields. They meet the needs of the vast labor
market at home and abroad.
The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic affects
higher education in every country. In that context, on
September 9, 10, 2021, Vietnam organized the Vietnam
Education Forum with the theme“Giao duc dai hoc
thich ung voi khung hoang”. The forum selected 9
issues for discussion, specifically:“Cong nghe va cong
nghe hoa giao duc dai hoc; Hoat dong day va hoc o bac
dai hoc; Chinh sach giao duc dai hoc; Giao duc dai hoc
va cac muc tieu phat trien ben vung; Triet ly giao duc
dai hoc; Dao tao giang vien va phat trien doi ngu giang
vien; Quoc te hoa giao duc dai hoc”. These issues have
received the attention of domestic and foreign
scholars. Most of the speakers, researchers and
educators said that: “Giao duc dai hoc Vietnam doi dien
nhung thach thuc chua tung co” (8). Therefore, the
Vietnam Education Forum 2021 has received many
proposals on policies, solutions and orientations for
higher education in the face of the negative impact of
the Covid-19 pandemic.
The People's Electronic Newspaper on September 30,
2021 introduces the article:“Su thich ung cua giao duc
trong dai dich Covid - 19”by professor, Dr. Nguyen Quy
Thanh, Rector of University of Education, Vietnam
National University. In this article, the author asserts
that:“Dai dich Covid-19 da anh huong nghiem trong den
moi mat cua doi song, kinh te - xa hoi tren toan cau,
trong do co linh vuc giao duc”.Facing with this
situation, the author made the following statement:
“De ung pho voi dai dich, nganh giao duc can phai co
nhung giai phap phu hop voi boi canh thuc te cung nhu
xu the phat trien cua thoi dai chuyen doi so”(9).
Therefore, since the first wave of the Covid-19
pandemic appeared in Vietnam, to ensure the safety of
lecturers, students,... universities and colleges in Hanoi
Vietnam have organized online teaching and learning
organization to adapt to the “khung hoang” caused by
the Covid-19 epidemic.Vietnamese higher education is
immersed in the general development trend of the
digital age.
CONTENT
In the light Ngu dung hoc, this article initially explores
research on interactions and conversations between
lecturers and students in online teaching and learning
at a number of colleges and universities in Hanoi,
Vietnam (referred to as communication language in
online teaching and learning). Ngu dung hoc is
concerned with the field of activities that perform the
communicative function of language. Based on the
point of view of Dung hoc of F.Armenguad, when he
asked the question: What do we do when we speak?
refers to the nature of language acts in their
functioning. Considering the communication factor in
online teaching and learning, and in the most general
understanding, language communication is an activity
that takes place when there are at least two people,
using natural language to influence each other. In
online teaching and learning, the communication
factor is the context, the language is the discourse.
Context is the extra-linguistic context of an utterance
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
36
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
34-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
or extra-linguistic information that contributes to the
meaning of the utterance. So how is the
communication context of online teaching - learning
understood? Communicative context in online
teaching - learning as well as normal communication
context, first of all, let’s talk about the opposite
language.Doi ngon (or Participant) is a very important
factor. Because there is doi ngon, there is no
communication.
Doi
ngon
participates
in
communication in online teaching - learning,
specifically here are lecturers and students. They
perform communication activities in the healthiest
mental state.The communication between lecturers
and students in online teaching and learning must
ensure three factors“qua trinh trao tin giua hai nguoi”,
“hai nguoi giao tiep trao doi voi nhau”, “gan voi mot
tinh huong va ngu canh”. This communication meets
the requirements of the concept of communication,
which is the contact between individuals in a
community
to
convey
some
information.
Communication between lecturers and students in
online teaching and learning, the interactive
relationship has alternating roles, sometimes the
lecturer is in the role of speaking, the student is in the
role of listening and vice versa.However, basically, the
lecturer is constantly talking and the students are
listening mainly. There are only one lecturer (speaking
role) and many students (listening role), in online
teaching - learning a lecturer can interact with tens or
even hundreds of students. The online teaching -
learning communication is an active communication.
Because of the alternation of speaking and listening
roles between lecturers and students, there is not
much. In online teaching-learning communication,
lecturers and students always actively take on the role
of speaking and listening. Teachers and students
actively contribute to orienting, adjusting, promoting
or ending the communication at the right time.
The interpersonal relationship in online
teaching - learning communication between lecturers
and students is considered on the vertical and
horizontal axes. Interpersonal relationship is shown on
the vertical axis, in terms of hierarchical relationship in
the communication culture of Vietnamese people, the
lecturer is a person of high social status. Lecturers are
on the vertical axis, the axis of authority (power,
pouvoir) due to social status, age, education..., which
determines the inequality (high - low) between
lecturers and students. This difference in power is
based on a certain norm, a universal norm of social
status. Teachers are always in a high position, and
students are in a low position. The authority
relationship in the context of online teaching-learning
communication between lecturers and students is an
asymmetric relationship, which means that if there is a
social status relationship between lecturers and
students, that relationship will be the same. does not
change in the communication process of teaching -
learning online.
The interpersonal relationship represents the
horizontal axis as the solidarity axis, also known as the
axis distance, which is characterized by two poles: than
tinh và xa la. In online teaching and learning, lecturers
are in a higher social position, but in interacting with
students, teachers always show a respectful,
temperate
attitude,
creating
closeness
with
students.On the contrary, students are in a lower social
position in interaction with lecturers, students always
show an attitude of demand, respect, and discipline
towards lecturers, students are not shy, stooped or
afraid before lecturers. This proves that although the
two extremes of authority and closeness between
lecturers and students in online teaching-learning
communication are related but not identical. In the
context of online teaching-learning communication,
teachers and students choose a close relationship.
That is, between lecturers and students depending on
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
37
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
34-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
the field's dialogue to maintain a symmetrical
relationship. Symmetrical relationship is a relationship
in which lecturers and students in conversational
interaction can change the direction of either widening
the distance together or closing the gap together in a
very flexible way.
Dien ngon is an organization, a series of linguistic units
joined together according to learning rules. It is both a
product and a means of communication.Dien ngon in
online teaching and learning, affirming lecturers and
students’ discourse competence. That is, lecturers and
students have the ability to link ideas in a logical,
coherent, and unified manner, expressed through their
use of words, words, and words that are logical,
appropriate to the context and situation of
communication. continuing in teaching - learning
online.
Communicative language in teaching - learning online,
according to Halliday's opinion, he believes that“bat ky
loai ngu canh nao cung bi chi phoi boi ba nhan to, that
are: Field,Mode and Tenor”(1). Interactions, online
teaching
-
learning
conversations,
repetitive
expressions in the communication dialogues between
lecturers and students. Manifestations of three field
factors, forms and nuances of the online teaching -
learning context, specifically as follows:
Truong (Field) : indicates the social activity performed,
that is, what is happening in the discourse including
both purpose and reality - topic.Truong determines the
nature of social interaction through topics - topics. In
teaching - learning online when lecturers and students
interact with each other, depending on the purpose of
communication, they are directed to many different
topics and topics. For example, social topics such as:
Climate
change;
education;
medical;
digital
technology;... or the topic of social science knowledge
about: Ky nang giao tiep lien van hoa or the topic of
natural science knowledge about:Tinh toan trong vat ly
va khoa hoc vat lieu,...
Dang thuc: Indicates the role of language used in
context, especially the spoken or written form of
discourse. For example, in the same educational
domain, a teaching-learning discourse field with a
common atmosphere in the conversational interaction
between lecturers and students is cordial and open,
mutual respect between the dialogues, ensuring the
principle of polite in communication. Communication
between teachers in teaching and learning.
Communicative dialogues are multi-dialogues with
speech and response movements of the speaking and
listening roles, sometimes directed at all the dialogues
in the conversation, but sometimes only aimed at one
(or several) participants in the conversation.Here, we:
“Phan biet duong truong voi đuong dien. Duong dien
co nghia la dang co mat con duong truong la dang tham
gia vao hoi thoai du khong co mat”(2). With online
teaching and learning, activities of exchange of words
and responses between the contemporary dialogues
when participating in a conversation. Because of the
change in communication context, the format of
online teaching - learning discourse has changed.
Although the conversational atmosphere in teaching -
learning or teaching - learning online is the same in fun
and openness. However, in online teaching and
learning via the internet, the role of language used in
the context of online teaching and learning has
changed in spoken and written form. Specifically,
online teaching and learning of counter-languages
mobilizes many channels of expression such as direct
speech illustrated by visual channels; The language
used is shorter and easier to understand, with the
appearance of many paralinguistic elements such as
mouth-to-mouth,
whispering,
laughter,
regret,
...Because, in this communication situation, the turn of
the speaker must have signs to inform the listener in
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
38
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
34-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
the field who will be the true listener of that turn of
speech. Thus, the communication in online teaching
and learning, lecturers and students, when
participating in interactive conversations, have tried
very hard to express and reproduce the content and
conversation topics that the two sides are aiming for.
In teaching Online, lecturers and students use the
auditory channel to receive information, which is
basically combined with the visual one.
Sac thai: Indicates the social positions mobilized in the
context, that is, the nuance depends on the
relationship between the opposite language in
communication. Communicating in online teaching -
learning, the functional language system in this
communication context performs three functions
corresponding to the three factors of the context.
Those three functions are the symbolic function, the
interpersonal function, and the textual function. For
example, in the same field of online teaching and
learning, the discourse field is limited to slides, the
format is the presentation of the lecturer's lecture
through the oral discourse.Although with a lecture
topic “ky nang giao tiep lien van hoa”that lecturers
exchange and discuss with many students, the
feedback content of the students does not always
match.
Conversational discourse, communication between
lecturers and students in online teaching and learning
shows the same language of online teaching and
learning with three factors: truong, dang thuc, sac
thai.. Just one factor of change leads to a change in the
character of the discourse. For example, truong
changes, for example, the same field of online teaching
and learning, but the field of natural science
knowledge in terms of social interaction will be
completely different from the field of social science
knowledge. In the field of natural science knowledge,
mathematical knowledge is different from physics. In
the field of social science knowledge, historical
knowledge is different from legal knowledge,
sociological knowledge is different from pedagogical
knowledge, etc. Although they are in the same field of
online teaching and learning, they have the same thing
in common. Discourse atmosphere, which is the
symmetrical relationship between the teacher
(lecturer) and the learner (student).But when the field
of knowledge changes, the field of discourse changes.
Communication teaching - learning online, one or a few
lecturers at the same time interact with many students
in many different knowledge fields. However, they
have the same purpose as lecturers to share
experiences and impart knowledge to students.
Helping students through the internet to study online
have the opportunity to accumulate knowledge.
Simultaneously, communication in online teaching and
learning shares the same form of oral and written
discourse. The relationship between lecturers and
students is symmetric, these common points do not
create the homogeneity of knowledge accumulation
ability among students. Communication in online
teaching - learning, lecturers help students
demonstrate
their
communication
ability.Communicative competence is the ability to
choose the right meaning, the ability to successfully
combine linguistic knowledge and sociolinguistic rules
in
communicative
interaction.
Communicative
competence refers to the grammatical competence on
the sentence level, demonstrating the social
interaction between a speaker and many listeners in a
real-life situation such as interpreting, expressing and
choosing meaning in many ways.In teaching - learning,
the term communicative competence is considered as
“linh hon” to practice the speaker's communication
skills. With how speakers use language rules in
communication, to improve the ability to express,
reflect on interactions, and behave in social life.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
39
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
34-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
Communicative discourse in online teaching and
learning, under the control of lecturers, students not
only accumulate specialized knowledge but also
practice confidence in interactive conversations to
achieve high communication efficiency that both sides
aspire to.
RERERENCES
1.
Do Huu Chau “Co so ngu dung hoc tap
1”//National University of Education Publisher,
Hanoi, 2003
2.
Do Huu Chau “Dai cuong ngon ngu hoc tap
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Hanoi, 2007
3.
Nguyen Duc Dan “Ngu dung hoc tap
1”//National University of Education Publisher,
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4.
Nguyen Thien Giap “777 khai niem ngon ngu
hoc”//Vietnam National UniversityPublisher,
Hanoi, 2010
5.
Nguyen Thien Giap “Ngon ngu hoc ly
thuyet”//Vietnam
National
University
Publisher, Hanoi, 2020
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George Yule “Dung hoc”//Vietnam National
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Gillian Brown, Geogre Yule “Phan tichdien
ngon”//Vietnam National University Publisher,
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http://baochinhphu.vn/Giao-duc/Giao-duc-dai-
hoc-thich-ung-voi-khung-hoang/446013.vgp
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Su thich ung cua giao duc trong dai dich Covid-
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