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DZYUDODA TEXNIK HARAKATLARGA OʻRGATISH
R.D. Urazov
Ajiniyoz nomidagi Nukus davlat pedagogika
instituti, Jismoniy tarbiya nazariyası va
metodikasi kafedrasi katta o‘qituvchisi
ОБУЧЕНИЕ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИМ ДВИЖЕНИЯМ В ДЗЮДО
Р.Д. Уразов
Старший преподаватель кафедры теории
и методики физического воспитания
Нукусского государственного педагогического
института имени Ажиниёза.
TEACHING TECHNICAL MOVEMENTS IN JUDO
R.D. Urazov
Senior Lecturer of the Department of
Theory and Methods of Physical Education
at Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
named after Ajiniyaz.
Annotatsiya.
Dzyudochilarni texnik harakatlarga oʻrgatish metodikasi
nazariyasiga bagʻishlangan maxsus adabiyotlarni, shuningdek, dzyudochilarning
texnik va taktik elementlarini oʻrganib chiqib, turli xil dasturlarga muvofiq
tayyorlanadi. Maqolada dzyudochilarni texnik tayyorgarligida jismoniy tarbiya
vositalari va usullari oʻrtasidagi aloqaning oqilona nisbatini oʻrnatish muammolari,
hozirgi vaqtda texnik tayyorgarlik sifatiga bevosita taʻsir qilish masalalari koʻrib
chiqiladi.
Kalit soʻzlar.
Dzyudo, Olimpiya oʻyinlari, texnik tayyorgarlik, jismoniy
qobiliyatlar, sport mashgʻulotlari, sport tayyorgarligi.
Аннотация.
Специальная литература, посвященная методике подготовки
дзюдоистов к техническому опыту, изучению техники и тактики дзюдоистов и
подготовке их по различным программам. В статье рассматриваются проблемы
правильного соотношения физкультурных работ и методов в технической
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подготовке дзюдоистов, проблемы специфического влияния на качество
технической подготовки в настоящее время.
Ключевые слова.
Дзюдо, Олимпийские игры, техническая подготовка,
физические упражнения, спортивная тренировка, спортивная подготовка.
Abstract.
Special literature devoted to the methodology of training judoists for
technical experience, studying the technique and tactics of judoists and training them
according to various programs. The article examines the problems of the correct ratio
of physical education work and methods in the technical training of judoists, the
problems of specific influence on the quality of technical training at present.
Key words.
Judo, Olympic Games, technical training, physical exercises, sports
training, sports training.
Wrestling sports have existed since ancient times as a means of physical
development of the human organism and military-practical training. They were
widespread among the peoples of ancient Greece, Rome, China, India, Egypt, and other
countries. In the pages of Homer's “Iliad” and “Odyssey” poems, colorful descriptions
of wrestling competitions are given, testifying to the fact that wrestlers' sporting skills
have been passed down from generation to generation [1].
Like other practical sports, the main reason for the emergence of judo wrestling
was the necessity of training warriors in Japan. During the evolutionary process,
various peoples gradually developed their own national wrestling styles [1,4].
The source of judo wrestling is jiu-jitsu, whose technique migrated from China
to Japan. The founder of judo is the famous Japanese pedagogue, teacher, and coach
Jigoro Kano. Having carefully studied the jiu-jitsu schools that existed at that time, D.
Kano “noticed that the techniques of various schools were not always praiseworthy.”
The conviction of the necessity to refine jiu-jitsu developed in this way. “I began by
systematizing the best methods of jiu-jitsu. I added my own to them and gave them a
different meaning. Thus, a new system emerged that embodied mental and physical
principles.”
D. Kano called his new martial art judo. “Ju” means soft, modest, “do” means
way, behavior, viewpoint, or thought. Thus, judo is soft, modest behavior that reflects
the judoka's attitude toward the opponent and life [2,4].
Technical Movements in Judo Wrestling
All types of motor activity are characterized by the following parameters:
- Level of coordination abilities
- Number of complex coordination movements
- Quality and speed of information processing
- Accuracy level of future movements
- Requirements for the quality of strength types
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- Requirements for movement speed
- Requirements for movement duration
- Level of mental loads.
Almost all qualities are necessary in wrestling sports. However, technical
movements are ultimately evaluated in competitions, and their assessment depends on
the appropriateness of their use in the changing conditions of wrestling [2].
If this is the case, experience in martial arts prevails. Therefore, the longer a
person engages in combat sports, the more experienced they become, and their sports
life should be maximally extended (unlike sports where pure physical qualities
predominate).
Thus, the foundation of the judo system consists of the technique of performing
wrestling methods that differ in each section according to the specific characteristics
of the relative positions of opponents [2,3].
In standing combat, the specificity of the grip taken for performing technique is
of great importance. It is impossible to perform technique without a grip (around). This
article proposes the most suitable grips that allow throwing in horizontal and sagittal
plane projections against an opponent standing in any position [2,5].
Standing Wrestling Grip Positions (Standard and Non-standard)
It should be remembered that according to the rules of judo wrestling
competitions, the use of close-distance grips (holding the belt from front and back) and
one-sided grips is limited in time, which eliminates the possibility of waiting for a
favorable starting position to execute a throw and immediately requires active actions
to create such positions (conducting dynamic exercises or combinations).
Grips can be located at the same points, but in the same or different mutual
positions they differ in kinematic parameters and determine the implementation of
different techniques in different directions [2,4,6].
In modern judo, since the main attention has shifted from demonstrativeness to
sporting style, some grips used to show turns in competition are now contradictory.
To execute throws, carry out defense, and prepare for throwing, the athlete must
unbalance the opponent. This topic is presented in full as follows.
Throws
A throw is a method that leads to transferring the opponent from a standing
position to their back or side.
There is virtually no traditional description of this throwing technique, because
during the process of learning this method, a systematic description is given by type,
class, unit, and group of combat technique. To describe any throw, the student must
refer to finding a logical basis for similarities or differences in the biomechanical
structure of the technique. Such a long and, at first glance, tedious method of mastering
material allows for a deeper understanding of the biomechanical foundations of
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throwing technique and equips the coach with the ability to accurately identify the
causes of errors and effectively correct them [6].
Throws During Turning (“Turn” Type)
These are throws of the opponent (Uke) with an initial turn to their back or side.
When performing them, the attacker first turns at an angle from 90° to 270° in front of
the opponent and touches them with their near side, back, or far side. Then, continuing
the turn, they throw them forward.
The main element affecting the quality of these throws is turning the athlete's
head as much as possible toward the direction of the opponent's future fall and beyond.
When gripping at long distance, it is necessary to turn 270° before making
contact with the opponent's div to successfully perform the throw.
When gripping at medium distance, it is necessary to turn 180° before making
contact with the opponent's div to successfully perform the throw.
When gripping at close distance, it is necessary to turn 90° before making contact
with the opponent's div to successfully perform the throw.
In the first case, high speed is required, in the second, great force.
All throws of the “turn” type have a common spatial-tactical structure and differ
from each other in dynamic characteristics: upward movement, horizontal balance,
ensuring full support [1,6].
The most important stage determining the success of a throw is the transition
from the initial position to the starting position (stage 1 of the throw). This stage is
especially important when performing turning throws, because the attacker has very
difficult coordination during the transition from the initial position to the beginning of
the throw, being in a single-support state for a long time with little stability.
Therefore, in this type of technique, the technique of starting the throw is most
responsible and requires special attention.
Also, turning-type throws are given for various methods of entering the start,
which, according to the wrestling technique classification, belong to the throwing class.
For each throw, the method of entering the start is added to its main name (“entry,”
“exit,” etc.). With a turn of the back foot's toe, passing the front foot past the opponent's
side to the starting position (outside the opponent's same-named leg) [1].
Controlling the Technical-Tactical Preparedness of Judokas in Competition
Conditions
All positive and negative aspects of judokas' preparedness are clearly manifested
in competitions. To assess the essence of their competitive activity, the following is
necessary:
1) Recording the athlete's competitive activity
2) Evaluating it according to certain criteria.
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The first problem can be solved by optical methods (photo and filming, video
recording, etc.) or pedagogical methods (observing the athlete's movements and
recording them in protocols). Currently, it is common to record competitive
movements in reports using special symbols (abbreviations). This is explained by the
labor intensity and high material costs of recording competitive activity using optical
methods, as well as the need to still fill out special protocols when subsequently
analyzing film or video recordings [1,2,4].
However, optical methods allow obtaining fine details of movements that a
stenographer cannot record. Therefore, it is recommended to use optical and
pedagogical methods in combination to record athletes' competitive activity,
complementing each other.
REFERENCES
1.
Борьба дзюдо / Я.К. Коблев [и др.] // — М.: Физкультура и спорт, 1987. — 160
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2.
Базовая технико-тактическая подготовка для начинающих / Ю.А. Шулика и
др.] Феникс; Ростов-на-Дону; 2006. – 246 с.
3.
Теория и методика физического воспитания. (Под общ. ред. Т. Ю. Курцевича).
Том 1 – Киев: Олимпийская литература, 2003. – С. 442
4.
Фраде Клод. Дзюдо для нас. (Перевод Н. Дьячковой) //Журнал «Дзюдо». – М.,
2002, № 3-4. – С. 94–97. 72.
5.
Фраде Клод. Дзюдо для нас. (Перевод Н. Дьячковой) //Журнал «Дзюдо». – М.,
2003, № 8–10. – С. 79–81
6.
Ямасита Ясухиро. Боевой дух дзюдо. (Уникальная техника мастера). М.:
«Гранд – Фаир», 2003. – 192с.
