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ANTICIPATION IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING
Abdullaeva Gulnoza Mirolim qizi
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
1st year Master Student, Simultaneous Interpretation
Scientific advisor: Samigova Xushnuda Botirovna
Doctor of Philological Science
Over the past few decades, interpreting services have become a main section
of international communication. Although there is a high request for interpreting,
being able to interpret at a professional level is far from being easy. There is much
discussion on the qualities an interpreter should obtain to perform to the best of their
capasitie
– arguably, one of the most important is that of anticipation in simultaneous
interpreting. Perhaps surprisingly, simultaneous interpreters do not always interpret
a phrase directly after the speaker, for respecting this natural order can turn out to
be impossible thanks to the grammatical structures of sentences in different
languages. Due to this difficulty, interpreters sometimes have no other choice but to
anticipate what the speaker is going to say, and convey that before the speaker does.
While first reactions to anticipation may be skeptical
– can an interpreter really predict
what a speaker will say
– it is actually a quite refined and quite necessary skill in
order for interpreters to faithfully convey speech while maintaining the natural flow of
communication.
Definition of Anticipation in Simultaneous Interpretation.
Anticipating in simultaneous interpreting simply means that interpreters say a
word or a group of words before the speaker actually says them. This interpreting
strategy is regularly resorted to and, when you begin thinking about it, there is nothing
extraordinary about that. After all, we are able to anticipate events on an everyday
basis
– weather events are one (albeit controversial) example, as well as the logical
steps you should follow when driving a car to avoid getting into an accident.
Professional interpreters, generally familiar with the industry and content they will be
interpreting beforehand, merely do it in conversation to ensure that there are no
awkward pauses that make the interpreted speech seem unnatural.
Importance of Anticipation in Simultaneous Interpretation.
First of all the central goal of professional simultaneous interpreters is to
summarize as accurately as possible what the speaker is saying in order to save time
and prevent listeners from getting lost in the conversation. This is why anticipating
can really make things easier for them.
The “Universalist Conception” of anticipation in Simultaneous interpretation First
concept is known as the “universalist conception”, which is based on the research of
Danica Seleskovitch and Marianne Lederer in the early 1970s and 80s. According to
the “universalists”, the need for anticipation in simultaneous interpreting does not
depend on the exact language pairs (as one might think it would be more common
between two syntactically different languages rather than two similar ones), and in
fact the verb is not the word that requires anticipation the most. To the universalists,
complete knowledge of the source language is necessary and enough to be able to
anticipate. They also distinguished two types of anticipation: a linguistic anticipation
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and the “freewheeling interpretation”. The first is related to the passive knowledge
the interpreter has of the source language. “Freewheeling interpretation” refers to a
strategy used by the interpreter to verify (and correct, if necessary) their
interpretation.
The “Bilateralist Conception” of anticipation in Simultaneous interpretation
On the other hand, the “bilateralist conception” partisans claim that the need for
anticipation in simultaneous interpreting is a language-specific phenomenon, and
that the verb does have a special status. Thus, this conception is confirmed by the
experiment described above. However, this does not mean the “universalist
conception” is totally wrong. In particular, its theory of the “freewheeling
interpretation” is still used today.
As a result of the research carried out in this article, the following conclusions
can be drawn:
• When performing simultaneous translation, the simultaneous interpreter uses
a certain strategy or strategies to achieve the most complete adequacy in the process
of translation and equivalence as an end result between the oral discourses. At the
same time, strategies are divided into two main types: strategies related to the time
factor and strategies of a static type.
• The choice of strategy depends on specific linguistic and extralinguistic
factors.
• Each simultaneous interpreter may find himself in a situation where a certain
segment of the text or any term turned out to be incomprehensible for various
reasons. In such a case, it is possible to use a trial and error strategy, a waiting
strategy, or a sign translation strategy. The choice of strategy and its change depend
on the specific factors prevailing in a given situation.
• The possibility of applying anticipation strategy is due to the redundancy of
speech. The higher the redundancy of a speech act, the more likely it is that the
probabilistic forecasting strategy will be applied successfully.
• In anticipation, the probability of a combination of a number of words is quite
high, which allows a simultaneous interpreter to give an almost one hundred percent
prediction regarding the completion of the utterance structure.
By the way, simultaneous interpreting is interpreting under extreme conditions,
and even when using SP strategies, the interpreter is not immune from mistakes.
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