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THE ROLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE
fi
ELD OF MEDICAL
TRANSLATION: ANEEDS ANALYSIS
Sharipova Feruza Ibragimovna
PhD, associate professor, Tashkent pediatric medical institute
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Annotation.
The paper sets out to illustrate the similarities and differences of
direct and indirect equivalency in the medical translation that attempts the
research into the translationas closely as possible professional translation that
medical students will encounter in their later career as future doctors. The purpose
of this article is to analyze the ways of achieving medical translation equivalence at
different approaches of the studies of medical translation researches based on the
scientifictexts. The article presents the review of translated sentences to determine
the notional similarity between original text and its translation. The frequency
distribution of the use of equivalent levels is due to professional reasons, the
difference in grammatical structures, the variety of collocations, the differences in
word order etc. As a result of analysis the most frequently used levels of equivalence
in scientific writing style are identified. This is due to the fact that some medical texts
part of professional translation, detailed complex sentences are often used, in
addition, the original translation contains a large number of terms that have
completely different formulations in English.
Keywords:
equivalence, medical text, professional text, translation,
translation methods, future doctor
RELEVANCE
Among the scientific problems in which the interests of the disciplines in
the medical high schools cross over, the problem of equivalence in medical
translation is relevant in the scientific-theoretical sense, because on the one hand,
it has not been studied enough and on the other hand, it is very important for the
translation studies, comparative linguistics and linguistics in general.
The problem of equivalence in medical translation occupies a central place
in linguistic translation studies since the equivalence of the source and translated
Considering the specifics of medical translation as a linguistic phenomenon
occurring within the framework of professional communication, we can state that
the achievement of equivalence in practice at different levels will depend on
specific of the translator
’
s goals and tasks. From this point of view, the study of
medical translation techniques approaching equivalence in translation at certain
levels is of practical value in the professional development of medical
interpreters.
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METHODS
The present study was carried out within the framework of equivalence
norms, studied by Vinay and Darbelnet, Jakobson, Nida and Taber, Catford, House,
Baker.In particular, for Pym equivalence is a relation of “equal value” between
origin and translated text and can be established onany linguistic level from form
to function based on the definition of equivalence as maximum possible linguistic
proximity of a translation text to the original text the authors distinguishes
equivalence paradigms, by which he means of grammar and pragmatism between
a translation and the original: communication purpose, identification, description
method, syntactic structures, terminological paradigms [11].
Study of the ways of achieving equivalence has been done on the material
of scientific-medical chapters of the textbook
“
Children traumatology
”
, by
U.K. Narzikulov, M.N. Buriev, U.S. Ruzikulovwhich is currently available in English
language. Translation of the topics of the textbook into English is carried out at
the International Research Center at the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institut.
This article presents the results of the analysis of all chapters of the
textbook and their translations into English: "Examination methods for patients
with traumas and orthopedic diseases", "Transportation and transport
immobilization", “Treatment of limb bone dislocations”, “Fractures at childhood”,
“Craniocerebral Trauma”, “Dysplasia. Congenital Hip Dislocation “, “Congenital
Clubfoot “, “Spinal Osteochondrosis”, “Deforming Arthrosis”
and etc. The total
volume of the analyzed material was 18 chapters of the original text. The first
chapters deal with the examination of children, adolescents and adults with
diseases, deformities and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. The last
chapters provide information on immobilization, which prevents damage to
blood vessels, nerves, etc., by moving bone fragments and creates conditions for
bone fusion. Bone fractures in children often manifest themselves in stressful
situations as fearfulness, defiant disobedience or bouts of crying, and in adults as
painful shock.
RESULTS
The analysis of the practical material shows that the translator solved the
task of achieving content equivalence in a complex way, resorting to different of
translation techniques and approaches. This diversity allows us to apply a level
approach to the equivalence and identify linguistic and cultural factors. The
difference of equivalence approaches in terms of semantics and communication
of lexical units, grammar and syntaxes od sentences, nature and direction of the
translated texts were the key indicators in studying medical texts translation. If in
the first part of the guide-book example of translated sentences such semantic
correspondence were revealed in a great number, in the second part less. As can
be seen from the examples, all units are translated word for word, the basic lexical
meaning of words is used, the order of words and constructions is preserved. The
English version of the translation corresponds to the Russian one in terms of
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grammar structure (the same tenses), syntax structure and is maximally close to
the original by its lexical composition. The only change introduced is connected
to the difference in the systems of languages: in the first sentence in the Russian
version the definite article (the) is absent, as in the system of the Russian language
this linguistic phenomenon does not exist. Examples of the achievement of
equivalence on the identification level (natural and direct)
–
the similarity of the
semantics of the lexical structures
–
were found in the last chapters of the guide-
book, respectively. In sentences of this kind lexical units do not act as exact
substantive analogues of the original lexemes, but they are used in identical
syntactic construction, which conveys equivalent semantics. The translation
corresponds to the original in the structure and composition of the sentence.
Consequently, the choice is left to the discretion of the translator, depending on
the specific communicative situation. The achievement of equivalence on
communicative level
–
the way of using professional lexicons in the situation
–
was detected in the last chapters of the guide-book, describing diseases of
orthopaedics. The correspondence of the indicated order means the possibility of
partial replacement of the professional lexical units and speech constructions by
more appropriate units and constructions in the target language. Thus the form
of figurative representation of an professional situation remains the same,
generality of concepts is kept by semantic paraphrasing at which in the message
of translation the basic schemes of the message of the original are transferred.
When translating this sentence, the translator used a copy translation, excluding
the information that was given in the original. The linguistic illustrations show
that the translation deviates from the original in grammatical structures
(
пункция
сустава
с
введением
кислорода
–
puncture of a joint with the
introduction of oxygen) and in the choice of lexical units (
одновременное
введение
газа
-simultaneous introduction of gas;
наличие
свободных
тел
–
the
presence of free bodies). At a higher level of equivalence
–
the description of the
situation as a whole (identification of the situation)
–
the translated
correspondence is characterized by the preservation of two informative
elements, that is, the translation version retains the same basic concepts and ideas
as in the original. Translation at this level
–
the presentation of the original in
other words with preservation of the basic schemes, but with the possibility of
freely changing places in the sentence. The situation is described from different
sides, nevertheless, the native speaker is able to realize the identity of this
situation, as there are sets of statements, perceived as synonymous, despite the
fact that the linguistic means do not coincide.
For this reason, the translator must strive for the greatest possible accuracy
and correspondence when presenting the original text in the target language. This
is why equivalence in the level of communication in the translation of scientific
texts is quite rare and in the analyzed material, we have not seen cases of such a
translation.
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CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of the chapters of the textbook
“С
hildrentraumatology
”
allows us
to say that medical translations performed at one or another approaches of
equivalence, occur with varying incidence. In the studied material the most regular
translations are at semantics and communication diversity, at the level of similarity
of grammar and syntax, at the level of natural and directional specificities, at the level
of formal and dymanic terminology, they do not occur at all at the level of
communication purpose. It is worth noting that it is impossible to say that medical
translation at any approach is preferable, as each approach of equivalence, having
its own terminology base, allows to preserve the content and purpose of
communication of the original. Such a distribution of frequency is due to professional
linguistic reasons, similarity in grammatical structures of languages, same
combinability of words, directional approach in the established order of words and
so on. It is worth noting that in the scientific style is much preferable medical
translation of the text, as the scientific text, above all, requires clarity in the
presentation with the fullest compliance with the translation of the original.
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извлечено от
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/20661
