World scientific research journal
https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj
Volume-39_Issue-1_May-2025
125
THE IMPORTANCE OF MINERALS FOR LIVING ORGANISMS.
Yadgarova Shahodat Salihovna.
yadgarova.shaxodat@bsmi.uz
Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-70025-5671
Abstract:
Microelements
- in small quantities in the div, fertilizers, ores
(usually, the most important microelements affect the basic physiological and
hygienic properties, participate in immune reactions, blood formation and tissue
respiration, in animals, they decrease, they do not grow tall, the skeleton does not
develop.
Key words
: development, plants, metabolism, processes, animal,
normalization,
macroelements, thyroid, beneficial.
Height growth and development of the organism helps, participates in blood
formation, immune reactions and tissue respiration. Contains enzymes, accelerates
the growth of birds and animals, if increased in cattle, molybdenosis disease appears.
Strengthens teeth, helps blood formation and immune reactions, skeletal
development, when it is increased, fluorosis appears. It participates in the process of
blood formation, the activity of internal secretion glands; when it is not enough, the
height of animals does not grow and the number of children is reduced. Certain
macroelements in soil and rocks, water are M. for most animals, plants and humans.
In the div, M. includes various biologically active compounds: enzymes,
vitamins, hormones and others. This effect of M. is mainly manifested in changes in
the activity of metabolic processes in the div. Sometimes M. affects the growth of
organisms, blood formation, respiration processes through tissues, metabolism of
substances inside cells, etc. If there is too little or too much M. in the soil, there is a
deficiency or excess of M. in the plant and animal organism.
To increase the productivity of cattle, M. is added to cattle feed. Food consisting
of plant and animal products is the main source of M. entering the human div .
Drinking water provides only 1-10% of the human div's daily need for M. such as
iodine, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt. M. is not distributed uniformly in the div.
Their high accumulation in an organ depends on the physiological role of the element
and the specific activity of this organ (for example, Zn accumulates a lot in the gonads
and affects their function); in some cases, the influence of M. on the function of organs
does not depend on the place of accumulation. The amount of most M. (Al, Ti, Cl,
Pb, F, Sr, Ni) in the human div increases with age. During the period of growth and
development, the amount of M. increases rapidly and decreases or stops when
reaching 15-20 years of age. M. is divided into necessary (Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, I, F,
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Volume-39_Issue-1_May-2025
126
Br) and less necessary (Al, Sr, Mo, Se, Ni) types, depending on whether it is important
for the life of the organism.
All food products contain minerals. They are found in products as part of
inorganic compounds. When food products are burned in special ovens, only mineral
substances remain as ash. Therefore, the amount of mineral substances in food
products is measured by the percentage of ash in them . Mineral substances are part
of all tissues of the human div and make up 5% of its weight. Although minerals are
required in small quantities (daily need 20-30 g), they perform very important tasks
in the life process of the organism. They are part of all tissues and cells. Some mineral
substances are part of enzymes, drugs, hormones and take an active part in the process
of metabolism. In addition, mineral substances maintain the osmotic pressure in the
tissues at the required level: they enter the bones and teeth and give them the necessary
strength and hardness.[6 ] Depending on the amount of minerals in the div, they are
divided into macroelements and microelements. Macroelements include calcium,
potassium, magnesium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, chlorine. They are tens and
hundreds of milligrams in 10 grams of tissue in the div . Calcium (Ca) is the main
component of bone and muscle tissue . Calcium affects cell growth and blood clotting
. It increases the activity of several enzymes and hormones. Calcium deficiency in the
div, especially in children, leads to improper bone development, tooth decay, and
central nervous system dysfunction. The amount of calcium in the div is 1.5-2% of
div weight , i.e. 1-1.5 kg. Calcium is abundant in milk and dairy products, cheese,
and beans .
Potassium (K) participates in the normalization of the div's acid-alkaline
balance, improves carbohydrate metabolism. Potassium salt ensures the release of
fluid and sodium from the div, this property is used in the treatment of vascular and
kidney diseases. Potassium is abundant in apricots, leaves, raisins, plums, beans, and
turnips.[2] Magnesium (Mg) participates in the formation of bone tissue in the div,
metabolism, increases the activity of enzymes, and improves the work of the heart. It
improves the movement of the intestines, ensures the removal of cholesterol from the
div. There is a lot of magnesium in bread, cereals, cereal products, and milk . Iron
(Fe) is 3-4 g of iron in the div of adults , 73% of which is included in hemoglobin
and is in the nucleus of cells. It participates in the process of complex oxidation and
metabolism in the div, in the synthesis of enzymes. Anemia occurs when there is a
lack of iron in the div. Iron is mainly found in liver, meat, eggs, peas, mash,
vegetables, apples, grapes, and buckwheat groats. Sodium (Na) improves water
exchange, ensures the removal of fluid from the div, participates in the formation of
osmotic pressure in tissues . It is mainly derived from table salt (NaCl). Phosphorus
(P) is the main component of bone and muscle tissue, which is 0.8-1.1% of the total
div weight, i.e. 600-700 g . Phosphorus participates in all life processes in the div.
It is of great importance in improving metabolism, absorption of substances into cells
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. Phosphorus compounds have a good effect on the central nervous system when doing
mental work. Phosphorus is abundant in cheese, fish caviar, eggs, meat , fish, bread,
cereals, milk and dairy products, cereal products. Phosphorus intake and cancer risk:
In a 47,885-year follow-up of 24 men based on an analysis of registered dietary data,
high phosphorus intake was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. (Wilson
KM et al, Am J Clin Nutr., 2015) Another large population study in Sweden found an
increased risk of cancer with increased phosphate intake. Men had a higher risk of
pancreatic, lung, thyroid, and bone cancers, while women had a higher risk of
esophageal, lung, and non-melanoma skin cancers. (Wulaningsih V et al, BMC
Cancer, 2013). The anticancer effect of Zn is mainly due to its antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory properties. (Wessels I et al, Nutrients, 2017; Skrajnowska D et al,
Nutrients, 2019) Below are numerous studies that have reported an association of zinc
deficiency (due to low intake of zinc-rich foods) with increased cancer risk. there is.
A case-controlled study of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
Nutrition Cohort found that increased levels of the mineral Zinc were associated with
a reduced risk of developing liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). They found that
zinc levels were not associated with biliary tract and gallbladder cancer. (Stepien M
wt al, Br J Cancer, 2017). A significant decrease in serum zinc was observed in newly
diagnosed breast cancer patients compared to healthy volunteers.
In an Iranian cohort, they found a significant decrease in serum zinc in colorectal
cancer patients compared to healthy controls. (Khoshdel Z et al, Biol. Trace Elem.
Res., 2015) A meta-analysis reported significantly lower serum zinc levels in lung
cancer patients. (Wang Y et al., World J Surg. Oncol., 2019). Similar trends in low
zinc levels have been reported in many other cancers, including head and neck,
cervical, thyroid, prostate, and others. Selenium nutrition and cancer risk: Low levels
of selenium in the div are associated with increased risk of death and poor immunity.
Many studies have shown the effect of high levels of the mineral selenium on prostate,
lung, colorectal and bladder cancer. (Rayman MP, Lancet, 2012) Selenium
supplementation of 200mcg per day reduced the incidence of prostate cancer by 50%,
lung cancer by 30%, and colorectal cancer by 54%. (Reid ME et al., Nutr & Cancer,
2008) For healthy people without cancer , including dietary selenium has been
reported to boost immunity by increasing the activity of natural killer cells. (Büntzel
J et al, Anticancer Res., 2010). In addition, a selenium-rich diet can help cancer
patients by reducing the toxic effects associated with chemotherapy. These
supplements have been shown to significantly reduce infection rates for non-
Hodgkin's lymphoma. (Asfour IA et al., Biol. Trace Elm. Res., 2006) Selenium
supplementation has also been shown to reduce renal toxicity and bone marrow
suppression with some chemical agents (Xu YJ et al., Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 1997),
and reduces radiation toxicity due to difficulty in swallowing. (Büntzel J et al,
Anticancer Res., 2010) For bone and muscle health, we need to consume adequate
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amounts of calcium, but it is beneficial to consume more calcium than the
recommended amount of 1000-1200 mg per day. may not and may be negatively
associated with increased cancer-related mortality. As part of a balanced healthy diet,
high-dose calcium supplements with calcium from natural food sources are
recommended.
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