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286
ETHICAL ISSUES OF PLASTIC SURGERY
Xasanov Azim Mansurovich
Bukhara Innovative Education and
Medical University assistant of the Department
of clinical and pre-clinical sciences
Djumayev Akbar Anvarovich
Bukhara Innovative Education and Medical University.
assistant of the Department of clinical and pre-clinical sciences
Аnnotation.
Each epoch set its own priorities regarding the value of the
"inner" (soul, consciousness) and "outer" (bodily) in a person, and gave the
corporeality itself outlines consistent with the norms of beauty transmitted by
culture and perceived by the subject.
Keywords:
plastic surgery; naturalness; aesthetics; modern beauty
requirements.
The image of the human div has always been formed by overcoming
naturalness and submitting to the dictates of the supernatural. However, in the
modern era, aesthetically transformed physicality and the values associated with it
have received an exceptionally high status (while displacing and
subordinating moral values to them). Aesthetics as a sphere of expression and play
subordinates ethics as a sphere of duty and action. Aestheticization is becoming a
widespread practice that defines the lifestyle of a modern individual and shapes
his self-understanding and even morality.
Purpose:
To analyze research in the field of bioethical norms, as well as
ethical issues related to the development of the plastic surgery industry.
Materials and methods:
The global trend of aestheticizing life, reinforced
by the biotechnological power of modern civilization, has penetrated and
strengthened in various parts of the world. "In Tehran, women have their noses
surgically altered to look less like Iranians. In Beijing, they break their legs and
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21 апреля 2025 г.
287
build up their bones to be taller... I've met women from different places, and
often they especially hate a particular part of their bodies. Most of their lives are
spent on fixing this part..."[1]. The modern process of human design is more
connected than ever before with aesthetic a component, and the div is not just
modified, but modified in accordance with "global" aesthetic standards. By
changing the div, they change the div.
B. Huebner pointed out the aesthetically playful moment of modern man's
perception of life: "Today, the ethical deficit is compensated mainly aesthetically:
if truths no longer fascinate, charm becomes truth" [2]. The life of a modern
individual is guided by the following slogan: if I am a div, then I am established
in aesthetic existence, installed in aesthetics. The lack of meaning in life, defined
by various historical invariants of ethical systems, leads to a shift towards
sensationalism and increased attention to sensuality. "The vertical meaning of life
is being replaced by the horizontal" [2].
In his article on the ethical problems of plastic surgery, R. Knight [3]
suggests considering three groups of audience requests that differ by gender and
age. Requests are addressed to plastic surgeons, and they should be as clear as
possible in their interaction with patients, including: 1) a thirty-five-year-old
woman who wants to enlarge small breasts or eliminate noticeable facial defects;
2) a thirty-five-year-old man planning a hair transplant, rhinoplasty, or anti-aging
surgery on the eyelid; 3) an eight-year-old a child whose parents would like to
have their child circumcised, or fix his protruding ears, or have those ears pierced.
Each of these requests provokes a certain ethical reaction and reflections on the
boundaries of what is allowed/ forbidden, on the specifics of religious and secular
norms, the autonomy of the doctor and the autonomy of the patient himself and
delegating it to capable subjects, on the boundaries of competence and obtaining
informed consent. This model demonstrates that the goals of aesthetic surgery
may or may not be related to restoration of health, and correlate with religious
norms, sociocultural archetypes, and legal prohibitions.
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21 апреля 2025 г.
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Discussion:
Based on all the data, we can conclude that modern obsession
with the div is considered an attempt to adapt to the changes taking place around
them, "... when people feel that they cannot control a large number of things and
events controlled by abstract systems ...", and the only thing "... that they can do is
control themselves, then there are their own bodies" [4]. In this case, the div
replaces the Other, terrifying and beyond our influence, as it is represented in
social life. The div becomes a micromodel of society, over which the subject
establishes his authority.
Сonclusions:
Based on the desire to aestheticize the life of a modern person ,
a logical question arises: "why be aesthetic?" or similar "why be happy?".
However, they do not always suggest an answer that would limit the aesthetic , the
life embedded in aesthetics, to any goal. As B. Huebner notes, the attempt to
justify the aesthetic fails just as much as the justification of morality: both the
sphere of aesthetics and the sphere of morality are self–sufficient, justify
themselves - and, it turns out, the way of being of a modern person can well be
characterized as a similarity. expediency without purpose.
REFERENCES
1. Энцлер 2007 web – Энцлер И. Отличное тело // http://hotlib.net/id-
164087 .
2. Хюбнер Б. – Произвольный этос и принудительность эстетики. – Мн.:
Пропилеи 2000
3. Михель Д.В. – Воплощенный человек. Западная культура,
медицинский контроль, 2000
4. Попова О.В. Этика, эстетика, анестетика в контексте развития
пластической хирургии // Вопросы философии. 2017. № 4.
