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21 апреля 2025 г.
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THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRAIN DISEASES USING MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Berdiyev Behzod Shomurodovich
Bukhara Innovative Education and Medical University.
assistant of the Department of clinical and pre-clinical sciences
berdiyev09xm@gmail.com (97) 8530107
Djumayev Akbar Anvarovich
Bukhara Innovative Education and Medical University.
assistant of the Department of clinical and pre-clinical sciences
djumayev.biti.22@gmail.com (91) 4092136
Аnnotation.
The function of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of
neurodegenerative illnesses is reviewed in this article. The problem's applicability
and the potential of several approaches are developed. Magnetic resonance
imaging techniques, both conventional and unconventional, are discussed. This
review looks at contemporary MRI methods for early brain illness detection.
Keywords:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); neurodegenerative diseases;
diagnostics.
Relevance.
The
most
common
brain
diseases
associated
with
neurodegeneration are: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's
disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The identification of
these diseases is especially difficult in the early stages, so the issues of early
diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and their differentiation are relevant. In
recent years, many powerful methods that have made it possible to visualize the
structure and functions of various human organs. One such neuroimaging
technique is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which visualizes in detail the
structure and measures the functioning of individual areas of the human brain and
as a result plays a crucial role in clinical and research applications.
Results.
When making a diagnosis based on MRI images, the clarity and
accuracy of the differences between all morphological formations of the object
under study play a huge role. Contrast in MRI is influenced by a large number of
factors that can be manipulated to achieve the desired image quality. A special
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feature of magnetic resonance imaging in comparison with other tomography
methods is the possibility of changing the conditions for obtaining initial data for
the construction of images can change the local intensity of the received signal
depending on various parameters characterizing nuclear magnetic resonance.
Changing the appearance of NMR images in this case is called image contrast by
parameter. There are so-called true images of the spatial distribution of the
parameter, and parameter-weighted images [1]. In the first case, the parameter
value is calculated from the obtained data on the measured local values of the
nuclear magnetization as a function of coordinates, which is displayed as a two-
dimensional distribution. In the second case, the spatial distribution of the
magnetization values themselves is displayed. In this case, the brightness of the
image is determined not only by the parameter of interest, but also by all other
factors affecting the intensity of the NMR signal. Nevertheless, in many
applications, parameter-weighted images provide the necessary information about
the object. At the same time, it is possible to use simplified methods, which
significantly saves time [2].
Areas with abnormal MR signal intensity can represent both acute and
chronic foci. In the presence of foci of different ages, T1-weighted images best
differentiate acute foci from chronic ones. Acute and subacute foci are
characterized by small the amount of demyelination and, as a rule, show a smaller
signal change on T1-weighted images, where they are isointensive or only
minimally hypointensive. In addition, such foci are usually poorly outlined in T1
images and are much better detected in T2 images [3]. Chronic foci reflect
demyelination and gliosis and are visible as areas. There is a weaker signal in T1
images compared to sharp foci, which are more sharply defined and are usually
easily detected in T1 images. They are also visible in T2 images, which show a
strong signal. The accumulation of hypointensive foci (the so-called "black
holes") correlates with the progression of the disease and the degree of disability
[4]. Recently, the relationship between the accumulation of metals, mainly iron
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complexes, in the brain and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's
disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and a number of others . Determining the
content of metal complexes in brain tissues is extremely important for the early
diagnosis of these diseases. In MRI, there are various techniques for both
qualitative and quantitative assessment of the metal concentration in the tissue [5].
Conclusion.
Thus, MRI plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of brain
diseases. Along with its higher sensitivity and resolution compared to X-ray
computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET), MRI
makes it possible to assess the dynamics of the disease and the effectiveness of
treatment.
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