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TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY
EDUCATION: METHODOLOGY, MODERN APPROACHES
Zubaydova Nilufar Ne`matillayevna
Teacher of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Boyniyozova Asilabonu Normo’min qizi
Student of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13932983
Abstract:
In this article, it will be emphasized about teaching a foreign language to
preschool and primary school students, arousing their interest in this subject, and the methods
that should be used for this purpose. In this process, it is mentioned how important the role and
activity of the teacher and the student are, and what characteristics are required from both
sides. Also, the component of the educational process and the importance of linguistics and
human psychology and several teaching methods are discussed. includes. Also, the final words
explain the topic comprehensively, emphasizing the methods used and their effectiveness.
Key words:
Methodology, psychology, teacher activity, language skills, foreign language
level, pedagogical skills, primary school, educational process, difficulties in science.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada xorijiy tilni maktabgacha ta'lim muassasasi va
boshlang'ich sinf o'quvchilariga o'rgatish, ularda shu fanga nisbatan qiziqish uyg'otish,va shu
uchun qo'llanilishi kerak bo'lgan metodlar haqida ham ta'kidlab o'tadi.Bu jarayonda
o'qituvchining hamda o'quvchining roli va faolligi qanchalik muhimligi-yu har ikki tarafdan
qaysi xususiyatlar talab qilinishi haqida aytib o'tiladi.Shuningdek, o'quv jarayonining tarkibiy
qismi va tilshunoslik va inson psixologiyasining ahamiyati va bir qancha o'qitish usullarini o'z
ichiga oladi.Hamda yakuniy so'zlar qo'llanilgan metodlar va ularning samarasini ta'kidlagan
holda ,mavzuni har tomonlama tushuntirib beradi.
Kalit so'zlar:
Metodika, psixologiya, o'qituvchi faolligi, til mahorati, chet tili darajasi,
pedagogik mahorat, boshlang'ich maktab, ta'lim jarayoni, fandagi qiyinchiliklar.
Абстрактный:
В этой статье будет подчеркнуто обучение иностранному языку
дошкольников и учащихся начальной школы, пробуждение у них интереса к этому
предмету и методы, которые следует использовать для этой цели. В этом процессе
упоминается, насколько важны роль и деятельность учителя и ученика, и какие
характеристики требуются с обеих сторон. Также обсуждаются составляющая
образовательного процесса и важность лингвистики и психологии человека, а также
несколько методов обучения. включает. Также заключительные слова всесторонне
объясняют тему, подчеркивая используемые методы и их эффективность.
Ключевые слова:
Методика, психология, деятельность учителя, языковое
мастерство, уровень иностранного языка, педагогическое мастерство, начальная школа,
учебный процесс, трудности в науке.
Introduction
It should be recognized that today the demand for knowledge of a foreign language is
increasing day by day. Moreover, today it is emphasized that providing schools and pre-school
educational institutions with qualified personnel is one of the important conditions for the
development of education in our country. It is not an exaggeration to consider that the
formation of interest in learning from the primary grade and increasing the teacher's activity
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in this process and stabilizing the students' consensus in making the right choice are also
important factors.
In fact, in accordance with the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On
measures to bring the activities of popularization of learning foreign languages to a
qualitatively new level in the Republic of Uzbekistan" dated May 19, 2021 No. PQ-5117, today
foreign significant changes and large-scale efforts are being made to popularize languages.
Teaching foreign languages in preschool and primary education is one of the important
directions of the educational process. In today’s era of globalization, knowledge of foreign
languages remains one of the factors that determine the social, cultural and economic success
of a person. Therefore, the need to teach foreign languages from an early age is gaining more
and more attention. This process must be combined with pedagogical methodology,
psychological approach and practice.
The importance of teaching foreign languages from an early age Teaching foreign
languages at the pre-school and primary education levels helps to develop a person’s ability to
receive and master a language. Research shows that the brain activity of young children easily
accepts foreign language sounds, words and structures. A young child is flexible and creative in
language learning, which speeds up their language acquisition process. At this stage, language
learning should be done through games, songs and activities, because children learn most
effectively through play.
Methodological principles Communicative approach is used as one of the main methods
in teaching foreign languages in preschool education. This approach emphasizes learning the
language for practical use. The goal is to give children the ability to speak, listen, read and write
in a foreign language. In the communicative method, the learning process is carried out more
through oral communication, situation-based exercises and various games. This approach
makes children interested in language learning and helps them acquire the language naturally.
Integrative approaches An integrative approach is also important in teaching foreign
languages. This approach involves learning a foreign language by combining it with other
subjects. For example, subjects such as mathematics, music, science can be taught through a
foreign language. This helps children to understand and actively use a foreign language in
different contexts. An integrative approach makes the process of language learning more
interesting and meaningful, as well as creates an environment of interactive communication
between children.
Interactive methods the use of interactive methods in modern education makes the
language teaching process more effective. Such methods encourage children to actively
participate in learning and put them at the center of the learning process. For example, role-
playing games, working in groups, and problem-solving exercises are interesting and active
ways of learning a foreign language. Children learn the practical use of language by interacting
with each other using such methods.
Psychological approaches Children’s age characteristics and the level of psychological
development should be taken into account in the process of teaching foreign languages. It is
very important for young children to feel emotional and spiritual comfort while learning a
language. At this stage, children should not be afraid of difficulties and learn from mistakes in
the process of language acquisition. Therefore, the teacher should encourage them, pay
attention to their success and have an individual approach to them.
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Technological approaches Today, digital technologies play a major role in teaching
children languages. Mobile applications, online platforms, multimedia educational materials
allow children to learn foreign languages in an interesting and effective way. The use of
audiovisual materials, interactive games and video lessons attract children’s attention and
make their learning process more effective. It also provides an opportunity to strengthen
children’s language skills with the help of interactive boards and other technological devices.
New trends In recent years, a number of new trends have appeared in the field of foreign
language teaching. One of them is the bilingual education system. In this system, children learn
two languages at the same time, which helps them to develop language skills more deeply.
Bilingual education strengthens not only the foreign language, but also the native language, and
also develops multilingual competence in children.
Also, the “CLIL” (Content and Language Integrated Learning) methodology is becoming
more and more popular in teaching foreign languages. This method involves teaching different
subjects through a foreign language, that is, children learn about other subjects while learning
the language. This approach, along with the development of children’s language skills, provides
them with a broad worldview and multidisciplinary knowledge.
The methodology and approaches of teaching foreign languages in preschool and primary
education are constantly improving. Modern teaching methods help children learn the language
in an interesting and effective way. Communicative, interactive and integrative methods,
technological possibilities and psychological approaches together enrich the process of
teaching foreign languages. At the same time, new trends, such as bilingual education and CLIL
methodology, help children succeed in the global world.
It is worth mentioning that it is not easy to teach elementary and kindergarten children a
language they are not yet familiar with. it is also very important to be able to apply them. It
should be taken into account that these methods may change depending on the age and
potential of children. Because it is more difficult for children aged 5-6 to understand and
memorize information. That is why they prefer mechanical methods in this way. Because of
this, giving grammar lessons to students who are just starting out will cause them to lose
interest in learning the language. However, the following methods have been evaluated as more
effective:
1-Through various games and interesting riddles: In this process, the student will be more
interested in this process, feeling like he is in a game. In this case, they will have less mental
fatigue.
2- Through songs, poems and age-appropriate cartoons. In this case, it will be easier for
them to memorize new words. It will also have a positive effect on their pronunciation.
3- With the help of senses. In this case, the student should try to find fruits and vegetables
while holding them with his eyes closed and say their names in the new language he is learning.
4-Different colored handouts, that is, this also increases activity. Writing questions on
them increases the morale of the student. In this, more responsibility is required from the
teacher than from the student.
In conclusion, primary school students should not accept language teaching as a
professional requirement and should work on their mistakes and shortcomings. will be Because
every young generation is the foundation of our independent state.
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