Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
30
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
30-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article examines the Turkish dialects, which are current problems of lexicography, which have entered into
German annotated and other dictionaries published in the XIX-XX cc. in different ways.
KEYWORDS
Topical, problem, lexicography, vocabulary, borrowing, explanatory dictionary, stylistics, principle, fixation,
semantics, status, appropriation, etymology, interpretation.
INTRODUCTION
One of the current problems of modern lexicography is
to define the boundaries of the inclusion in explanatory
dictionaries of «non-standard» layers of lexical
composition, which entered the lexical system of the
language in different ways and at different times. The
question of the Turkish language is also part of the
problem of borrowing in the German language. Let us
assume that when the borrowings from Western
European and classical languages in German were
examined in the smallest detail, the Turkish borrowings
in German remained as “stepsons” of the lexicon and
were given little attention.
In this regard, we try to fill one of the empty sprces in
the scientific literature and enrich our presentation of
the lexico-grammatical and semantic properties of
Turkisms in the German-only dictionaries of the XIX th
and XX th centuries. On this occasion we face two main
tasks. A larger task is to universally characterize
Research Article
TURQUOISE - AS AN OBJECT OF GERMAN LEXICOGRAPHY
Submission Date:
February 08, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 13, 2024,
Published Date:
February 18, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue02-05
Dots. A.E. Boymatov
Faculty Of Foreign Languages, JSPU, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
31
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
30-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the principles of selection and fixation of Turkish
borrowing, and the narrower task
is to present in a complete system the lexical,
grammatical, semantic and stylistic properties of
Turkish in the explanatory German dictionaries of the
XX century identify and describe.
Here it must be said that both one and the other task is
undoubtedly remarkable and the search for its solution
continues to be always relevant, although the problem
of borrowing in the German language is one of those
problems that require study. Moreover, this is
Borrowing from all other languages is a way to enrich
a particular vocabulary. Father Jespersen wrote about
the borrowed words: "The borrowed words are a
stone of philology because they allow us to know the
approximate date of linguistic changes, the source of
civilization, and give us information about the inner life
of the nation." [1.109-127] This tradition is likely to have
been maintained in the German language throughout
the foreseeable history of its development, from I. K.
Adelung and I. G. Kampe to modern studies.
The current state of the problem of Turkisms in
German-speaking countries, at the stage in which the
composition of the borrowed Turkish vocabulary is
examined, separating the principles of their selection,
describing the semantic units and the principles of their
interpretation. In the analysis of Turkisms in the
explanatory dictionaries of the German language of
the XX th century. In the 19th century, we found more
than 506 words of Turkish origin, but only a small
number of Turkisms denoting the vital terms specified
in all dictionaries.
We negate the complexity of describing words of
Turkish origin, however, as they are generally
borrowed in dictionaries, a number of tokens have a
wide meaning in the source language, and on German
soil there is a narrowing and expansion of meanings,
etc. is possible.
The work also examines the semantic structure of
Turkisms and their correspondence in different
dictionaries, which allows us to determine the nature
and direction of semantic shifts in the Turkish
borrowings of the German language. The analysis is
mainly subjected to the "mastered" Turkisms,
although we are clearly aware of the great complexity
and internal contradiction of the feature "mastery",
since a whole series of words can be mastered in one
plan and not mastered in another.
In the scientific literature there is a different
understanding of the term mastered word. Without
going into detail about the analysis of different points
of view and their commentary, we believe that the
assignment criterion is the dominant word. Without
going into the analysis of the different points of view
and their commentary in detail, we believe that the
criterion for assigning Turkish words in German to the
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
32
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
30-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
mastered words is that they are included in the lexical-
semantic system of the language.
Next, when studying Turkisms, we rely on F. Dornseif's
concept [2.283] and carry out a semantic interpretation
of Turkisms in thematic groups. Such a method gives
us the opportunity to find out to which thematic group
these or those Turkisms belong and what area of
objective reality they cover. The Turkisms are grouped
according to their semantic meanings and function and
we have divided them into 27 thematic groups. When
grouping the Turkish borrowings in German, we
slightly changed F. Dornseif's system and adapted it to
our material.
As mentioned above, among the turquoises that have
entered the German language there are synonyms and
equivalent
definitions.
In
dictionaries,
they
characterize the meaning of a word by comparing it
with words that are close and identical in meaning
(according to the principle of internal translation into
German). Synonymous interpretations are used for
words that are no longer Turkish. Dictionaries are
defined using synonyms and lexical duplicates: Turkish
descent, stylistically neutral;
QUARK
–
KÄSE
Berkmann
(1923)
QuarkL.slav,
m.Käse
aus
frischgeronnener Milch, мhd. alsotwarc; tworo
ǵ
,
Russian tvaro
ǵ
u; trans. Worthless thing, junk. [3.404].
DOLMETSCHER
–
ÜBERSETZER
–
FÜRSPRECHER
Klappenbach (1967) Dolmetscher, der; -s,-<türk
→
ungar> (berufsmässiger) Translator oral and written
communication: in efficient, nimble D.; around do the
D.: take part in an international conference as D. Erist
D. at the court; dazu Chef-, Gerichts-, Heeres-,
Konferenz-, Kongress-, Lagerdolmetscher.[4.837].
Wörter, die im Gebrauch stilistisch eingeschränkt sind:
Sprach-Brockhaus (1976): der MUFTI
–
s/-s,islamischer
Rechtsgelehrter.
[arabisch Entscheider]. [5.446].
nicht verwendete Wörter:
Klappenbach (1967): MUSELMAN,der; -en, -
en<pers.>umg. veraltend Moslem.
Conclusion so, the semantic content of Turkisms in
dictionaries is determined by: a) the actual lexical
techniques in which are revealed features of the
meaning of words, their synonymous, equivalent,
etymological and semantic sides; b) a detailed
description of the etymological and encyclopedic
information (e.g. the Brothers Grimm dictionary); c) a
complete definition that reveals the meaning of a
word, that is, it indicates the totality of its
characteristics.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
33
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
30-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
REFERENCES
1.
Jerperson O. Growth and structure of the English
language.
–
L., 1925.
–
P. 109
–
127.
2.
Dornseiff F. Der deutsche Wortschatz nach
Sprachgruppen.
–
5. Aufl.
–
Berlin, 1959.
3.
Berkmann K. Deutsche Wörterbuch der Mundarten
und Fremdwörten.- 3. Aufl.
–
Leipzig, 1913.
–
404 S.
4.
Klappenbach R., u.a. Wörterbuch der deutschen
Gegenwartssprache.- In 6 Bänden.- Akademie
–
Verlag
–
Berlin, 1967
–
1978.- 4579 S.
5.
Sprach-Brockhaus. Deutsches Bildwörterbuch.-
Wiesbaden, 1976. -835. S.
