ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
95
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY AND IMPROVEMENT OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENT BODIES
Isomiddinov Eldor Botirovich
Namangan State Institute of Foreign Languages
dean of English philology faculty
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15172220
Abstract.
The article will consider the current situation with local
government in Uzbekistan and discuss the government’s motivation to design
and implement the local government performance measurement system,
present possible mechanisms for its introduction in Uzbekistan, and include the
main steps of the local government performance measurement and its
placement in performance management.
Key words:
local government, representative bodies, assessment,
legislation, self-government, cultural mindset, authority.
Introduction
. The Republic of Uzbekistan has had the opportunity to form
its national statehood during the years of independence. This opportunity, along
with a correct assessment of the path taken, has created the basis for studying
history and applying the rich traditions of the past to new conditions. As
Uzbekistan follows the path of democratic reforms, it is a natural process for it
to improve the mechanisms for implementing the principles and norms
established in the Constitution and current legislation in all spheres of life.
When we study the historical and modern processes of formation of the
USA, Spain, Germany, Italy, France, Japan, and other countries, which are
recognized as developed democratic states today, we witness that all spheres of
governance are built on the principles of self-government. Of course, the model
of these countries cannot be copied and applied to the Republic of Uzbekistan.
For this, first of all, the legal consciousness and spiritual and educational
worldview of our people must have the characteristics of accepting it.
If this reveals one side of the issue, then, secondly, the norms of customs
and traditions, which are considered national values of the people of Uzbekistan,
do not allow this. Therefore, for the development of any state, it is formed
uniquely and appropriately, subject to the will of the population living in it. This
is called the cultural and spiritual mindset gifted to each nation by nature.
Chapter XXI of our new Constitution is devoted to the foundations of local
government and citizens' self-government bodies.
Local government bodies are local government bodies. They resolve all
issues of local importance within their competence, coordinate the interests of
the state with the interests of citizens living in this territory, and ensure the
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implementation of decisions of higher state bodies as a structural unit of a single
state government. Articles 120-127 of the Constitution establish the Councils of
People's Deputies in regions, districts, and cities (except for cities subordinate to
districts), regional, district and city governors, their powers, appointment,
dismissal from office, and responsibility, and also assess the activities of citizens'
self-government bodies. Although the system of local government bodies and
the system of citizens' self-government bodies are separate from each other,
they do not operate in a completely separate and distinct manner. They have
interrelated aspects. Both local government bodies and self-government bodies
resolve issues of local importance, rely on the initiative of the population in their
activities, and involve the population in the implementation of their authority.
Our new Constitution abolishes the simultaneous appointment of khokims as
chairmen of local councils. The introduction of a provision on the leadership of
khokims of regions, districts, and cities by the local councils of people's deputies
serves to increase their accountability to the councils and strengthen the control
of the councils and deputies over the activities of khokims.
In many developed foreign countries, there is no practice of the head of the
local executive div leading local councils. The main reason is that the principle
of separation of powers and mutual restraint should also exist at the local level.
Because the concentration of authority to make universally binding decisions,
ensure their implementation, and exercise control in the hands of one person
does not fully allow for unilateralism and the rule of law. The fact that the power
of khokims to simultaneously be the chairman of the local Kengash in our Basic
Law is being abolished creates conditions for effective Kengash and deputy
control over the activities of khokims, who are the heads of the local executive
bodies of local Kengashes that exercise representative power. Most importantly,
the practice of khokims making decisions themselves, approving these decisions
in the councils they head, and subsequently controlling their implementation
will be put to an end.
The fact that citizens' self-government bodies are not included in the
system of state authorities in our Constitution provides important opportunities
for makhallas to independently manage their territories, solve problems based
on the interests of the population and in partnership with the state, develop the
territory socio-economically, exercise effective public control, and ensure the
well-being of the population.
The separation of powers between local government representative bodies
and executive bodies, as well as the positions of the chairman of the local council
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and the khokim, following the new Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
was an important step in ensuring the implementation of the constitutional
principle of the separation of powers at the local level.
At the same time, the goals outlined in the “Uzbekistan - 2030” strategy
require the transformation of local government representative bodies into a real
“voice” of the people, the transformation of the activities of local executive
bodies, and the establishment of territorial governance based on the principle of
“serving the interests of the population.”
The role and importance of local government bodies in the era of
democratic reforms in Uzbekistan is of current importance today, which is
justified by the following: Firstly, in recent times, the role of the Councils of
People's Deputies and the powers of people's deputies have been radically
increased in our country. The powers of political parties in the formation of local
government bodies have been gradually expanded, and parliamentary control
has been strengthened. Secondly, khokims submit reports to local councils on
the most important and urgent issues of the socioeconomic development of the
territory. The councils, in turn, make appropriate decisions. Thirdly, in the field
of governance, it is necessary, first of all, to improve the activities of executive
bodies and introduce clear criteria and procedures for the rational use of
personnel and material resources.
This issue is also relevant in the context of the establishment of a bicameral
parliament in Uzbekistan, which requires the introduction of new forms and
methods of interaction between local government bodies and the Oliy Majlis,
especially its upper chamber. Thus, the improvement of the activities of local
executive authorities directly contributes to the development of the political
system. The issue of finding acceptable solutions to the formation of the
functions of local government bodies in accordance with the current conditions
is an important and complex one.
Local government bodies are local government bodies. They resolve all
issues of local importance within their competence, coordinate the interests of
the state with the interests of citizens living in this territory, and ensure the
implementation of decisions of higher state bodies as a structural unit of a single
state government.
Chapter XX of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan reflects the
constitutional legal basis for the activities of local government bodies and the
conceptual basis for the activities of local government bodies and their
improvement. Articles 99–104 of the Constitution enshrine the system, status,
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tasks, and organizational structure of local government bodies at the
constitutional level. The Constitution established a two-tier system of local
representative bodies (i.e., district and city councils of people's deputies - the
lower tier; regional and Tashkent city councils of people's deputies - the upper
tier), and this was reflected in the law on local government. The areas of activity
of local government bodies are also clearly indicated, and their powers include:
ensuring legality, legal order and security of citizens; economic, social and
cultural development of regions; formation and execution of the local budget,
determination of local taxes and fees, creation of extra-budgetary funds;
management of local communal services; environmental protection; ensuring
registration of civil status acts; adoption of regulatory documents and exercise
of other powers that do not contradict the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Based on the study of international and national statehood experiences, a
concept for the formation of local authorities on a new basis was developed.
According to it, it was envisaged that the representative div would be formed
on the principles of collegiality, executive power would be autocracy, and
personal responsibility. Based on this conceptual basis, the institution of khokim
was restored in our country. It should be noted that the institution of khokim is
not a modern invention. Its roots go back to our ancient history. Therefore, the
centuries-old experience of building a national state in our country was reflected
in the khokim system.
The implementation of the above recommendations will allow us to further
improve the activities of local government representative bodies and citizens'
self-government bodies. At the same time, it will contribute to the further
growth and development of national statehood, the construction of a legal
democratic state, and civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
CONCLUSION.
World practice shows that any state needs a mechanism that
regulates vitally important relations between central and local authorities,
ensuring an optimal balance of interests of the center and regions. The status of
the work being carried out today to ensure the rule of law, which is one of the
principles of the Constitutional system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is
considered to be quite high. Ensuring the optimal division of functions between
central and local authorities, as well as ensuring the unhindered transfer of
funds and the exchange of services between different levels, is one of the general
considerations of our opinion.
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