Рақамли тeхнологиялар соҳасидаги ҳуқуқбузарликларга қарши курашиш ҳамда
ахборот хавфсизлигини таъминлашнинг ташкилий
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ҳуқуқий масалалари
35
Митя Йермол
Магистр, Жозсеф Стефан институти билимларни узатиш маркази
раҳбари (Словения)
ДАВЛАТ БОШҚАРУВИДА СУНЪИЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТДАН
ФОЙДАЛАНИШ: СЛОВЕНИЯ ТАЖРИБАСИ
Митя Йермол
Магистр наук, руководитель Центра передачи знаний Института
Йожефа Штефана (Словения)
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ: ОПЫТ СЛОВЕНИИ
Mitja Jermol
M. Sc. head of the Centre for knowledge Transfer at Jožef Stefan Research Institute
(Slovenia)
USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION:
THE EXPERIENCE OF SLOVENIA
Slovenia is doing a lot of work on making public data publicly available. The
Ministry of Public Administration has a project that covers all the public databases
–
Open data governmental portals. There is another portal, called ERAR, that has
been originally started by Goran Klemencic, while presiding the Commission for
the Prevention of Corruption of Slovenia. In this database you have all the
information about all state expenditures: sources of funds, expenditures, and the
purpose of used funds.
Institute Jožef Stefan (IJS) have worked with Ministry of Public
Administration, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Ministry of Justice,
Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Interior,
Anticorruption Agency, Prosecutor’s Office, Bank of Slovenia, Municipalities,
European Commission and NATO.
The first thing that IJS has done with the Slovenian Commission for the
Prevention of Corruption was the system that represents all the public
procurement, calls and results in maps and graphs which show where the money
has been concentrated
–
the source, the context, the money flow. In the map you
can see potential new scenarios that might be leading to a different source of
public procurement.
In another map of this website you can see the graph of NATO researches
that is publicly available. Since we have historical data we can also see trends and
thus, do predictions.
Рақамли тeхнологиялар соҳасидаги ҳуқуқбузарликларга қарши курашиш ҳамда
ахборот хавфсизлигини таъминлашнинг ташкилий
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ҳуқуқий масалалари
36
Another project we did at IJS is the Bad Investment Bank project called
DUTB, where you can see the main entities leasing bad investments. You can see
there which companies were responsible for the bankruptcies that happened in
early 2010. You can combine this information with lobbyist contacts and get the
full picture. The fact is: more data you can combine, the more accurate the results
and more clear picture you will get.
We did the analytics of public procurement and clearly saw that different
IT companies got money from the ministries at different times
–
from the left
government and the right government. When we combined this data with publicly
available information, it became clear that the owner of IT companies in question
was the same person just using the different entities.
IJS also used publicly available data to monitor the legislative process of
adopting a law through the parliament: the process from discussion to the law’s
adoption. We constructed a timeline with available data and saw how the voting
in each particular step happened
–
not just across parties, but also across regions.
This is crucial information which allows you to see where the problems are and
how they relate to the particular law. Since we have transcripts of all the debates
in parliament, we can track the changes and shifts in rhetoric. We can see how
these MPs, even from different parties, are voting similarly. We can check their
voting, their interest and combine this data with lobbyist data to see the whole
picture.
In the public portal service we don’t do the interpretation. The
interpretation has to be done by the public
–
not by us.
Science analytics is a very useful tool. IJS collects data on research, projects,
publications and automatically constructs social networks: who is collaborating
with whom; competency networks: what are the competencies of a particular
individual. We can also see trends and help policy makers decide or see in what
areas of research to invest.
We did a landscape for European Commission
–
we structured a map of
8000 studies. This was a helpful tool for the European Commission to see where
the empty spaces are, where investment is needed.
We also developed email analytics for enforcement agencies. In the
beginning this tool was for our own use but at some point it became interesting
for law enforcement agencies, because the prosecutors and investigators have too
much email data on a particular company. This tool collects all the information,
creates social networks, dependencies, story lines to track where a particular case
has started, which people were excluded from the communication, what has been
discussed
–
everything that is needed for the case. Instead of reading billions of
emails you can go through this system and find out the roots, where things started
to happen.
IJS did another project on automatic anonymization. This software was used
to anonymize the documents that must be anonymized.
Рақамли тeхнологиялар соҳасидаги ҳуқуқбузарликларга қарши курашиш ҳамда
ахборот хавфсизлигини таъминлашнинг ташкилий
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ҳуқуқий масалалари
37
A risk assessment tool was done for the Bank of Slovenia to assist in
assessing risks not only in the country, but also related to the external entities.
The same tool we use to see and detect potential threats: predicting defaults of
companies, sectors and problems in value chains. Based on the model that learns
from these transactions between the companies, we can predict with 80%
accuracy that a company in Slovenia will default. This is crucial information for
the companies in the same value chain.
Another project that we did is energy trading support for municipalities.
The regulation of the energy market in Europe is open: anyone can trade with
energy. In most cases, all the municipalities in Slovenia and Europe as well, the
mayors are dependent on the entities they are running and usually mayors are
not the experts in the field of energy. Thus, mayors/municipalities requested us
to help them to understand what is going on inside their municipalities in the
sphere of energy supply. We created the system that is able to allow better
predictions for demand, prices and failures in infrastructure.
IJS is deeply involved in cybersecurity analytics projects. Right now we are
running a European funded project: we are reading all available sources
–
news,
social media and the dark web. Based on collected information we detect and
formalize potential new scenarios for cyber threats. Thus, we do preventive
measures before the problem occurs. A lot of European entities are involved in
the project and Uzbekistan will be very much welcomed to join the next calls for
cybersecurity.
Transparency in this field is the “name of the game”. As an institute, as
researchers and developers we don’t interpret. We just provide different insights
into the data, so that others
–
journalists, analysts, law enforcement bodies can do
the interpretation.
The data is public, but hardly publicly available. Even in Slovenia, where we
have all the laws set up, we spent 6 months of negotiations with the parliament to
get the information about the MPs
–
event if this data must be publicly available.
Every application is useful in a variety of scenarios. One application can’t be
used in all circumstances, and you need to be prepared, that it should be adapted
for each particular user or public administration.
