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METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF ESTABLISHING AND FUNCTIONING OF INNOVATION
GROWTH CENTERS AS THE REGIONAL ECONOMY AS REGIONAL ECONOMY DRIVERS
Kotov Valentin Antonovich –
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor of
“Management” Department of the Public Administration
Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Аnnotatsiya
:
Tovar va xizmatlar jahon bozorida raqobat kuchayib borayotgan bir sharoitda mintaqaviy xo'jalik
yurituvchi sub'ektlarning raqobatbardoshligini doimiy ravishda oshirish masalasi alohida ahamiyatga ega. Dunyoning
aksariyat mamlakatlaridagi ishbilarmonlik faoliyatining markazida asta-sekin tabiiy xom ashyo, sanoat, texnik va inson
resurslarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri joylashtirishga o'tilmoqda. Ushbu global tendentsiyani hisobga olgan holda, raqamli
iqtisodiyotda hududlarni eng yangi texnologiyalar va ishlab chiqarishni tashkil qilishning ilg'or usullaridan foydalanishni
ta'minlaydigan innovatsion o'sish markazlari tufayli hududlarni innovatsion rivojlantirish muammosi alohida ahamiyat kasb
etmoqda. Ushbu maqola O'zbekiston Respublikasida ushbu muammoning hozirgi holatini tahlil qilish va hududlarni
innovatsion rivojlantirish uchun harakatlantiruvchi omil sifatida innovatsion o'sish markazlarini institutsionalizatsiya qilish
yo'llarini izlashga bag'ishlangan.
Kalit so'zlar
:
innovatsion iqtisodiyot, hududlarning innovatsion o'sishi markazlari, erkin iqtisodiy zonalar, kichik
sanoat zonalari, ishlab chiqarish klasterlari, texnoparklar, biznes-inkubatorlar, sinov maydonchalari.
Аннотация.
В условиях усиливающейся конкуренции на мировых рынках товаров и услуг особое значение
приобретает вопрос постоянного повышения конкурентоспособности субъектов региональной экономики, т.к. в
центр деловой активности в большинстве стран мира постепенно смещается в сторону непосредственной
дислокации природно-сырьевых, производственно-технических и человеческих ресурсов. Учитывая данную
общемировую тенденцию особую значимость приобретает проблема инновационного развития регионов за счет
своевременного центров инновационного роста, которые в условиях цифровой экономики способны обеспечить
территориям доступ к новейшим технологиям и прогрессивным методами организации производства. Анализу
современного состояния данной проблемы в Республике Узбекистан и поиску путей институционального
укрепления центров инновационного роста в качестве драйверов инновационного развития регионов посвящается
данная статья.
Ключевые слова:
инновационнаая экономика, центры инновационного роста территорий, свободные
экономические зоны, малые промышленные зоны, производственные кластеры, технологические парки, бизнес-
инкубаторы, испытательные полигоны.
Abstract:
In terms of raising competition in the global markets for goods and services, the issue of continuous
improvement of the competitiveness of regional economic entities represents a particular importance. It should be noted that
the center of business activity in most countries of the world is gradually shifting towards the direct deployment of natural raw
materials, industrial, technical and human resources. Taking into account this global trend, the problem of regional innovation
development is of particular importance due to timely innovation growth centers, which in the digital economy are able to
provide territories with access to the most advanced technologies and progressive methods of organizing production. In this
regard this article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of this problem in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the search
for ways to institutionalize the strengthening of centers of innovative growth as drivers of innovative development of the
regions.
Key words:
innovative economy, regional production systems, centers for innovative growth of territories, free
economic zones, small industrial zones, production clusters, technology parks, business incubators, test sites.
The urgency of the problem of creating a
qualitatively new model of innovative growth in
the regions of Uzbekistan in terms of a radical
modernization of the entire national economy
does not require special arguments. The fact is
that currently it is a central problem for the eco-
nomy of any country in the world that seeks to
find its worthy place in the international divi-
sion of social labor.
As the analysis of international best prac-
tice illustrates, the starting point for a successful
solution of this complicated problem in coun-
tries that managed to achieve a breakthrough in
the innovation sphere was expansion of the eco-
nomic independence of the territories, develop-
ment of the transfer of advanced technologies
and institutional strengthening of regional pro-
duction systems based on innovation growth
centers.
Taking into account increasing needs of
the economy of Uzbekistan for innovative rene-
wal, as well as raising investment attractiveness
of the regions for foreign investors, timely
establishment of the institutional framework for
the formation in each region of Uzbekistan of a
wide network of innovation growth centers
designed to become drivers of their sustainable
socio-economic development becomes relevant.
As our research has illustrated, currently
in the specialized scientific literary sources on
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innovation management there is no prevailing
unified understanding of the term “centers of
innovative growth of the region”, however, in
most primary sources they are perceived as a
wide range of forms of arranging innovative
business based on a voluntary association of
innovation entities activities operating by a
specific region of the country with the aim of:
a) creation and production of competitive
innovative products (technology parks, produc-
tion clusters, joint ventures);
b) rendering innovative services (business
incubators, test sites, small industrial zones);
c) unions for industrial cooperation or at-
tracting foreign capital to launch a large innova-
tive business (free economic zones, territories of
priority development, science cities).
Taking into consideration multifunctional
nature and a wide range of tasks performed, the
accurate idea of the life cycle of the creation and
further functioning of Innovation Growth Cen-
ters (hereinafter referred to as IGC) is conside-
red to be significant and of a high priority.
In this regard, at the initial stage of crea-
tion, the IGCs are established on the basis of co-
operation of the efforts of all primary partici-
pants in the innovation process who are interes-
ted in obtaining the final result in the form of a
new product, service or other innovation, wor-
king due to their own investments or credit re-
sources.
At the subsequent stages of the innovation
process, the efforts of individual innovators with
the active support of regional government or
local authorities create a temporary project
structure that coordinates the activities of all
participants of the IGCs and launches comer-
cialization of the innovative product.
At the final stages of creating an innova-
tive product, there is implemented institutional
design of an innovative enterprise or production
association which is capable of producing new
types of goods or services that are in demand
both in the regional market and in the external
markets.
In addition, only the innovators themselv-
es, their partners and professional participants
in the market of innovative products participate
in the process of establishing the center at the
production level.
At the regional level, innovation growth
centers are developed on the initiative of the
local business community and with significant
support from regional government bodies with
the account of the current level of specialization
of a particular territory.
At the industry level, innovation growth
centers are established based on the industry
priorities of innovative development in a parti-
cular region of the country, as well as the needs
of the entities of the relevant industry innova-
tion systems.
At the national level, innovation growth
centers pursue the task of meeting the needs of
the entire national economy and require the
appropriate participation of the public adminis-
tration authorities.
In terms of the wide range of organiza-
tional forms of innovation growth centers
available in world practice, Figure 1 illustrates
the author’s classification of their most common
types.
Figure 1. Classification of various types of innovation growth centers constituting
the core of regional production systems
*
*
The figure has been developed by the author on the basis of the literary sources studied.
INNOVATION
GROWTH
CENTRES
Testing sites
Advanced
Development
Territories
Production
clusters
Small industrial
zones
Free economic
zones
Border Trade
Zones
Business
incubators
Technoparks
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Accurate understanding of comprehensive
possibilities of innovation growth centers in
making impact on accelerated processes of inno-
vative renewal of regions and ensuring balanced
socio-economic development of territories, disc-
losure of their true socio-economic potential is
crucially important for scientists and practitio-
ners, as well as public and regional administra-
tion authorities (Figure 2).
Thus, practical implementation of the
innovative function
hugely facilitates institution-
nal strengthening of regional innovation sys-
tems, as subjects of innovation activities in the
regions are finding new objects to apply their
intellectual and entrepreneurial capabilities.
The reproductive function
of the IGCs is
demonstrated in facilitating the processes of
modernization of the productive forces of ter-
ritories, since they make a significant contribu-
tion to accelerating innovation processes in
small enterprises of the regions, enabling them
to integrate more quickly into production clus-
ters of territories.
Reasonable and adequate use of the first
two functions facilitates acceleration to the
renewal of the basic production assets of the
region’s enterprises making it possible to raise
the level of integrated use of domestic natural
resources.
The great opportunities of the IGCs to
create export-oriented products make a positive
effect on enhancing the image of the region’s
enterprises, contributing to the growth of
investment attractiveness of the territories and
the inflow of domestic and foreign investments
into the regional economy.
The implementation of the
commercial
function
of the IGCs is reflected in rendering
practical assistance to the subjects of the region-
nal economy in the commercialization of their
innovative ideas and diffusion of innovative dis-
coveries.
The revenue function
of innovation gro-
wth centers is closely related to the commercial
function, as the successful implementation of
large projects by their participants raises profi-
tability of production, increasing the incomes of
not only owners and employees of innovative
enterprises, but raising the revenue side of local
budgets as well.
Moreover,
the social function
of the IGCs
should be particularly noted since their success-
sful activity contributes not only to the creation
of new job places, but also to the creation of
competitive industries with a high level of added
value which will lead to increase in the living
standards of the population, and also the self-
sufficiency of regional and local budgets.
The presence of such a high functional po-
tential in innovation growth centers makes
public and regional administration authorities
interested in the process of institutional stren-
gthening of this efficient form of innovative bu-
siness at the territorial level [1].
Reasonable inclusion of the great func-
tionnality of innovation growth centers enables
the regional public administration of foreign
countries to ensure not only the innovative de-
velopment of the productive forces of the ter-
ritories, but also the inflow of new sources of
investment in large-scale innovative projects of
a regional scale [5].
The main advantages of the regional in-
novation growth centers operating abroad are
represented in the concentration on continuous
innovative renewal of the productive forces of
the territories through a systematic approach to
using internal natural resources, industrial,
technical and human resources available here,
conducting comprehensive marketing research
of various sectors of the regional economy, as
well as adequate coordination of efforts of ope-
rating business entities independently from
their industry affiliation, ownership and scale of
activity [3].
Examples of the successful performance of
innovation growth centers at the national level
can be clearly shown as a case study of the
Selicon Valley (San Jose State, USA); Center for
Innovative Technologies “Skolkovo”, (Moscow
Region, Russian Federation); Bankaror Free
Economic Zone (India); free economic zones in
the southeastern provinces of the People’s Res-
public of China[2].
The main prerequisites for the rapid ad-
vancement of the IGCs in developed and deve-
loping countries are the growing demand of the
regions for the innovative renewal of their pro-
ductive forces through a systematic approach to
the use of internal natural resources, produc-
tion, technical and human resources of the
territories. The main tools of the institutional
strengthening mechanism for innovation growth
centers which enabled to achieve impressive
success in updating the productive forces of the
regions are shown in Figure 2.
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Figure 2. Tools of the institutional support mechanism for innovation growth centers at the regional level
The figure has been developed by the author on the basis of foreign literary sources in the area of the innovative management and institutional
economy.
Inclusion of the IGC
projects in the state
development programs
Statutory framework
governing the activities of the
IGCs
Creating a flexible system of
incentives and preferences
for the IGC participants
Government participation in
the development of regional
market infrastructure
Expanding the economic
independence of regional
public administration
authorities
Assistance in the training
and qualification upgrading
of the IGC personnel
Inclusion of the IGC
projects in the regional and
investment programs
Establishing institutions
supporting innovation
growth centers
LEVERS
тамойиллари
ойиллари
IMPACTS
INNOVATION GROWTH
CENTRES
198
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The main driver of the public influence on
the development of the IGCs is expansion of the
independence of regional governments in sett-
ling the issues of the development of productive
forces of the territories and introduction of
progressive forms of innovative business orga-
nization.
Another efficient driver should be the de-
velopment and adoption of significant tax, cus-
toms and property incentive packages for key
participants of the IGCs, as well as foreign in-
vestors involved in financing their projects.
In the framework of organizational and
technical aspects, it should be noted the high
efficiency of forms of institutional strengthening
of the IGCs, such as expanding independence of
municipal authorities, government participation
in the development of engineering, financial and
economic infrastructure at their locations, pro-
viding state guarantees for loans extended by
commercial banks for innovative businesses, as
well as enhancing the level of protection of the
rights of intellectual property owners, assistan-
ce in the training and retraining of personnel
engaged in innovation activities[4].
Significant potential inherent in the acti-
veties of innovation growth centers and their
great opportunities not only for the develop-
ment of productive forces in the regions, but
also for ensuring balanced socio-economic deve-
lopment of territories makes public administra-
tion authorities of foreign countries at various
levels introduce a systematic approach to ins-
titutional strengthening of this promising form
of innovative business organization.
Taking into account specified above wide
range of functions performed by innovation
growth centers, in the process of their institu-
tional strengthening it is particularly important
for the heads of state, territorial and municipal
government to have a correct idea of their great
potential in ensuring balanced socio-economic
development of the regions (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Different interpretations of current potential of innovation growth
centers for regional development
However, as the foreign experience has
shown, success in using the potential of innova-
tion growth centers in the interests of balanced
development of territories has been the result of
a reasonable approach of state and regional go-
vernment bodies to expand the economic inde-
pendence of the territories, as well as taking ef-
fective measures to strengthen them institution-
nally and functionally.
The primary focus of the institutional
strengthening of innovation growth centers in
the Republic of Uzbekistan was establishing free
industrial economic zones aimed at attracting
free financial resources of foreign investors to
finance innovative projects of the participants of
the IGCs. If during 2008-2016 only 3 free eco-
nomic zones were created in the Republic of
Uzbekistan, then over the past 3 years their
number has totaled 21. Moreover, currently the-
re are 10 free production zones, 8 – pharmaceu-
tical and by one free economic zone in the field
of tourism, fishery and the agricultural sector of
the republic. Nowadays participants of the free
economic zones are implementing 629 projects
with a total value of 3660.5 million USD. In
2018, 158 projects with a total value of 1,045.5
Potential of
innovation growth
centers for regions
Source for raising the
income of the
population
Driver for innovation
development of
regions
Tool for enhancing
attractiveness of
regions
Sources for enhancing
competitiveness of
regions
Efficient tool for
raising export
potential
Driving force for the
regional development
of forces
Tool for creating
new job places
Source for self-
sufficiency of local
budgets
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200
million USD were implemented in the territory
of free industrial economic zones which led to
creation of 9746 new job places [5].
Another efficient form of functioning of
innovation growth centers which has been wi-
dely developed in the regions of the republic is
represented by small industrial zones (herei-
nafter referred to as the SIZ). The majority of
them have been created on the basis of histori-
cally established centers of business activity in
small towns and rural remote areas. Significant
tax, customs and property benefits, as well as
assistance rendered by the government in the
transfer of advanced technologies and access to
preferential bank loans have become incentive
and a driving force for their development.
In the last three years, industrial clusters
have proven themselves to be an efficient form
of realizing potential of innovation growth cen-
ters in the Republic of Uzbekistan which crea-
tion is aimed at uniting the efforts of related en-
terprises located in one or neighboring regions
to produce finished science-intensive products
with a higher level of added value. However,
introduction of this progressive form of manage-
ment requires a completely different level of
integration of science and production based on
the use of developed market economic relations,
concentration of capital and application of the
latest technologies. These measures implement-
ted by the state, sectoral and regional govern-
ment authorities has enabled to launch creating
over 60 clusters in various regions of Uzbekis-
tan the largest of which are cotton-textile, grain,
fruit and vegetable, tourist and other clusters.
The systematization of foreign experience
of using potential of innovation growth centers
for sustainable development of the regions pre-
sented in this article, as well as a brief overview
of the first experience of their functioning as
drivers of innovative renewal of territories
indicates that this form of innovative business
development has great development prospects,
but requires well-coordinated purposeful work
of the public administration authorities of va-
rious levels.
The priority areas for institutional stren-
gthening of innovation growth centers in the
Republic of Uzbekistan should be such measures
undertaken for their support by the state as
creating a favorable investment climate, provi-
ding preferential treatment of credit and finan-
cial support, incentives in taxation, customs and
property provision areas.
In conclusion it should be noted that suc-
cessful implementation of these priority measu-
res will accelerate solution of a number of prob-
lems of institutional strengthening of this pro-
mising form of innovative business organization
turning them into the supporting links of region-
nal production systems which in terms of a digi-
tal economy can give facilitate the development
of productive forces in Uzbekistan.
Reference:
1.
Butabaev .Sh. Institutional foundations of mechanisms for financing the development of exporting enterprises. –Т.:
«Zamin Nasir» 2018. p. 189- 199.
2. Malkina I.V. Theoretical foundations of the formation of a strategy for innovative development of territories –M.
Innovation, 2017. p.87.
3. Ivanov V.V. National innovation systems. –М.: ScanRus. 2014.-285p.
4. Nazarov Sh.Kh. Economics at the Crossroads of Civilizations. –T.: “Economic Review” journal №2, 2019. p. 14-20.
5. Annual reports of the State Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2018-2019.
6. The figure has been developed by the author on the basis of the results of the research of this problem in the regions of
Uzbekistan.
ҲУДУДИЙ РИВОЖЛАНИШНИ БОШҚАРИШНИНГ МОЛИЯВИЙ МАСАЛАЛАРИ
Ташмухамедова Дилдора Асқарбековна -
Тошкент молия институти, “Бюджет ҳисоби ва
ғазначилик иши” кафедраси катта ўқитувчиси
Аннотация.
Ушбу мақолада ҳудудлар инвестиция салоҳияти тавсифи, Хоразм вилояти мисолида ҳудудий
инвестиция дастурлари ижроси ҳолати, истиқболда ҳудудий инвестицион фаолликни оширишга оид муаллиф
ёндашуви таклиф этилган.
Калитли сўзлар:
ҳудудий ривожланиш, молиявий масала, ҳудудий инвестиция,
молиявий механизм,
молиявий
бошқарув, мулкчилик муносабатлари.
МИНТАҚА ИҚТИСОДИЁТИ
