153
Qulеkе
táwip
buyɪrǵanday
(hammasi yaxshi)
+
Cat and run
+
apɪl topɪl (apil-tapil)
+
urman turman (apil-tapil)
+
Mеtafora kognitiv-sеmantik hodisa bo‘lib, strukturaviy-sеmantik va assotsiativ-kognitiv
yondashuvlar yordamida izohlanadi. Mеtaforik ko‘chimda komponеntlar ma’nosining o‘zaro ta’siri,
jumladan inson bilimi tizimlashtirilib, aqliy jarayon natijasida o‘z ifodasini topadi va bir xil darajada
muhim rol o‘ynaydi.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR
1.
Алефиренко Н.Ф., Золотых Л.Г. Проблемы фразеологического значения и смысла (в
аспекте межуровневого взаимодействия языковых единиц). – Астрахань: Астраханский
университет, 2004. – 296 с.
2.
Арутюнова Н.Д. Язык и мир человека. – М.: Языки русской культуры, 1999. – 896 с.
3.
Вежбицкая А. Семантические универсалии и описание языков. – М.: Языки русской
культуры, 1999. – 776 с.
4.
Виноградов В.В. Избранные труды. Лексикология и лексикография. – М.: Наука, 1997.
– 312 с.
5.
Джумамуратов Т. Русско-каракалпакский фразеологический словарь для школьников.
– Нукус: Каракалпакстан, 1985. – 204 с.
6.
Еshbаеv J. Qаrаqаlpаq tiliniń qɪsqаshа frаzеologiyalɪq sózligi. – Nókis: Qаrаqаlpаqstаn,
1985. –160 b.
7.
Каримова С.Г. Адъективные фразеологические единицы метафорического характера
в английском и русском языках: Дис… канд. филол. наук. – Казань, 2007. – 169 с.
8.
Терентьев А.В. Адъективные компаративные фразеологические единицы как
языковая универсалия: На материале англ. яз: Дис… канд. филол. наук. – Нижний Новгород,
1997. – 352 с.
PICTURES OF THE WORLD CREATED BY LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Saitova Zaure Kaljanovna- NSPI. Faculty of foreign languages
Yusufova Mehriniso- 4-kurs NSPI. Ellikqala faculty of pedagogy
Language, thinking and culture, while forming a single whole, correlate with the real world,
oppose it, depend on it, reflect and simultaneously form it. Recently, a lot of works have appeared on
the issues of Linguoculturology and Linguistics. According to professor S.G. Ter-Minasova, the
world around the world is represented in three forms:
-real picture of the world,
-cultural (conceptual) picture of the world,
-linguistic picture of the world [3:47].
She gives the following diagram:
Real world Thinking / Culture Language / Speech
Subject, phenomenon Imagination, concept Word
The general concept of
the picture of the world
means "an ordered set of knowledge about
reality, formed in the public (as well as group, individual) consciousness". The real picture of the
world is an objective extra-human reality, this is the world surrounding the person.
The cultural (conceptual) picture of the world
is a reflection of the real picture of the world
through the prism of concepts formed on the basis of human representations, received with the help
of sense organs and passed through his consciousness, both collective and individual. The cultural
picture of the world is specific and different for different peoples. This is due to a number of factors:
geography, climate, natural conditions, history, social structure, beliefs, traditions, way of life, etc.
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The cultural conceptual picture of the world is also called by another term-the cognitive conceptual
picture of the world (CCP).
The cognitive or conceptual picture of the world is defined as the "holistic global image of the
world", "the totality of the conceptual sphere and stereotypes of consciousness that are set by culture",
"the system of intuitive notions of reality," "the totality of worldview knowledge of the world". The
conceptual picture of the world (CPW), being the result of the cognitive process of reality by a man,
is based on the conceptual sphere, that is, the aggregate of ordered knowledge of the world, formed
through concepts that to some extent determine a person's worldview and perceptions of the world
and influence the formation of his perception of the facts of the world around him. The conceptual
picture of the world is an orderly system of knowledge, information about the world, reflecting the
cognitive experience of a person and his understanding of the world.
The linguistic picture of the world
reflects reality through the cultural picture of the world. "The
idea of the existence of nationally specific language pictures of the world originated in the German
philology of the late XVIII and the beginning of the XIX century (Michaelis, Herder, Humboldt)"
[2:75].
The linguistic picture of the world (LPW) verbalizes the conceptual picture of the world by
means of language. According to the opinion of M.V. Pimenova the language picture of the world is
"a div of knowledge about the world that is reflected in the language, as well as ways of obtaining
and interpreting new knowledge". It should be noted the conceptual picture of the world is much
larger, more extensive than LPW, because the language reflects and represents only the CPW and the
conceptual sphere of speakers of a certain language. The conceptual and linguistic pictures of the
world are in a relationship of interdependence and interaction [1:52]. Along with these concepts, the
notion of a national picture of the world (NPW), which in our work is of paramount importance, has
also been established. As you know, people reflect and perceives the world through the prism of their
national culture and mentality, which is due to the fact that "every civilization, social system is
characterized by its own way of perceiving the world".
The famous linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt said that language as an expression of the national
spirit is an intermediate world between thinking and the outside world. At the same time, he also
stressed that "every language describes a circle around the people to whom it belongs, from which it
is possible to exit from the limits only if you enter another circle" (Humboldt).
The national picture of the world
"is revealed in the uniformity of the behavior of the people in
stereotyped situations and general perceptions of the people about reality, in statements and common
opinions, in judgments about reality, proverbs, sayings and aphorisms". In the minds of the
representatives of certain people, a special image of the world is formed, to which both universal and
national values are inherent, which find their projections in the language, since language is a way of
forming, existence and storage of people’s knowledge of the world. So each language reflects a
certain way of perception and coding of the world. This, according to R.M. Frumkina due to the fact
that “the same name (word) in the psychology of people can correspond to different mental
formations”.
Thus, not only different languages "conceptualize" reality in different ways, but different
concepts can also stand in the same word of a given language in the minds of different people ".
Represented in the language the semantic meanings form a single system of worldview, which
becomes one for the speakers of the language. As a result, people speaking in different languages
perceive the world in their own way, different from those of other languages. Fixing in the language,
the national picture of the world is an integral part and national component of the conceptual and
linguistic pictures of the world.
It should be noted that "mastering a foreign language is a process of obtaining bilingual abilities
and at the same time - socio-cultural knowledge as a result of the interconnected, inseparable
functioning of the language in the sphere of culture”. A particular language reflects the world view
of a particular culture. According to the definition of G. Hofstede “Culture is the collective
programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another”
[ 4:51]. It’s necessary to emphasize the following features of culture:
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-
Culture is manifested through different types of regularities, some of which are more explicit
than others;
-
Culture is associated with social groups, but no two individuals within a group share exactly
the same cultural characteristics;
-
Culture affects people’s behavior and interpretations of behavior;
-
Culture is acquired and constructed through interaction with others.
The study of a foreign language is closely connected with culture and represents the process of
acquiring sociocultural knowledge as a result of the interconnected, inseparable functioning of the
language in the sphere of culture, and mastering intercultural competence and its understanding can
give us the key to the national character of different peoples, to their culture, history and political life.
The concept of intercultural competence is closely connected with the linguistic picture of the world
that verbalizes the conceptual picture of the world by means of language and the culture of the people
speaking in English, the culture of the English-speaking countries.
REFERENCES
1. Тер-Минасова С.Г. Синтагматика функциональных стилей и оптимизация
преподавания иностранных языков. Москва,1986. c.52
2. Akhmanova O.S, Zadovnova V. On Linguopoetic Stratification of Literary Texts. Poetica.
Tokio, 1977, N 7. c.75
3. Тер-Минасова С.Г. Язык и межкультурная коммуникация. М. 2006.c.47
4. Fay B. A Contemporary Philosophy of social science. Oxford. Blackwell.1996. c.51
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT
“MOTHERLAND/РОДИНА/ЎАТАН”
Saitova Zaure Kaljanovna- NSPI. Faculty of foreign languages
Kamilova Farangiz- 4-kurs NSPI. Ellikqala faculty of pedagogy
The concept is the basic notion of Cognitive linguistics, Linguoculturology and
Linguoconceptology. Cognitive Linguistics is one of the important trends in Linguistics. Under the
influence of Cognitive Linguistics and on the border of Linguistics and Culturology there appeared
another new trend- Linguoculturology. The term “concept” was first used by S.A. Askoldov-Alexeev
in 1928 in his work “Concept and word” [3;267]. The notion “concept” defines as polymeasured
construct reflecting the cognitive process of the world, results of human activity, the man’s experience
and knowledge of the world and keeping information about it. According to the opinion of N.D.
Arutyunova concepts are notions of usual, practical philosophy, being found in the result of
interaction of such factors as national traditions and folklore, religion and ideology, life experience
and images of art, feelings and systems of values [2;3].
The object of our investigation is the concept Motherland/Родина/ Ўатан that has been studied
on the material of literary translation of the poetic works of the famous People’s poet of Uzbekistan
and Karakalpakstan, the Hero of Uzbekistan Ibragim Yusupov. Many works of the poet have been
translated into Russian and some works into English. The concept «Motherland/Родина» is the basic
concept of culture of all peoples. On the one hand the concept «Motherland/Родина» has general
culturological meaning, on the other hand the meaning of this concept is variated in different ethno
cultures. The investigation of this concept on the material of the typologically different languages is
one of the actual issues. The comparative study of linguistic units in different languages, the issues
of intercultural communication are very important in defining similarities and differences in
worldview, culture and mentality of the people –speakers accepting one and the same concept or
notions. As a linguist U.K. Yusupov emphasizes, «semantics of linguistic units reflects not only the
objects of the real world but also a part of the people’s culture speaking a certain language. That’s
why some differences in the semantics of units of comparing languages may be of culturological
character.». In each linguoculture there are specific meanings reflected in both the social-cultural life
and language. People describe and accept the world through the prism of their national culture and
