Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Structural types of sentences used in the novel of
“American Tragedy”
Zilolakhon ISAKOVA
Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received March 2024
Received in revised form
10 April 2024
Accepted 25 April 2024
Available online
25 July 2024
This article provides a thorough analysis of the structural
features of sentences in Theodore Dreiser
’
s novel An American
Tragedy. Various types of sentences are studied, including
simple, complex, and compound structures, as well as sentence
length and its effect on narrative rhythm. Particular attention is
paid to the use of active and passive voices, and their impact on
readers
’
perception of the events of the novel and the
characters
’
characters. Repetitive sentence structures and
stylistic decisions that support the key themes and motifs of the
work are examined. The analysis allows readers to better
understand Dreiser
’
s skill in creating a rich and multifaceted
textual fabric of the novel, which contributes to a deeper
immersion in the plot and the emotional perception of his
characters.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss3-pp367-371
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
sentences,
writing style,
narrative techniques,
storytelling,
sentence structure,
simple,
compound,
complex,
and compound-complex
sentences,
sentence length,
recurring sentence
structures,
rhetorical devices,
richness,
and depth of narrative.
“Amerika fojiasi” romanida ishlatiladigan gaplarning
strukturaviy turlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
gap,
yozish uslubi,
bayon qilish texnikasi,
hikoya qilish,
gap tuzilishi,
“Amerika fojiasi” da qo‘
llanilgan turli xil gaplarni
o‘
rganar
ekanmiz,
o‘
quvchi Drayzerning yozish uslubi, hikoya qilish
texnikasi va uning hikoyasini qanday qurishi haqida
tushunchaga ega b
o‘
lishi mumkin. Romanda q
o‘
llangan
gaplarning tuzilishini, jumladan, sodda, q
o‘
shma, murakkab va
1
PhD, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute.
2
Student, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
368
sodda,
q
o‘
shma,
murakkab va q
o‘
shma-
murakkab gaplar,
gap uzunligi,
takrorlanuvchi gap
tuzilmalari,
ritorik vositalar,
bayonning boyligi va
chuqurligi.
q
o‘
shma murakkab gaplarni tahlil qilish, gaplarning uzunligi va
uning hikoya tezligiga qanday ta
’
sir qilishini hisobga olish.
Mualliflar roman davomida faol va passiv ovozdan
foydalanishni
o‘
rganishga harakat qilishdi va ovoz tanlovi
o‘
quvchining hikoya va qahramonlarga b
o‘
lgan munosabatiga
qanday ta
’
sir qilishini k
o‘
rsatdi. Maqolada roman mavzulari
yoki motivlariga hissa q
o‘
shadigan takrorlanadigan jumla
tuzilmalari, ritorik vositalar yoki stilistik tanlovlarni aniqlashga
aniqlik kiritildi. Turli jumla tuzilmalari roman hikoyasining
boyligi va chuqurligiga hissa q
o‘
shadi,
o‘
quvchilarni
o‘
ziga jalb
qiladi va ularni qahramonlar hayotining murakkabligiga
singdiradi. Ushbu maqolada mualliflar romanda q
o‘
llangan
iboralar tarixi, lu
g‘
aviy ma
’
no va jumlalarning strukturaviy
turlarini adabiyotlardan olingan misollar orqali atroflicha
oydinlashtirish va tahlil qilishga harakat qilindi.
Структурные типы предложений, используемые
в романе «Американская трагедия»
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
предложения,
стиль письма,
повествовательные
техники,
искусство рассказа,
структура предложения,
простые,
сложные,
сложносочиненные и
сложноподчиненные
предложения,
длина предложения,
повторяющиеся
структуры предложений,
риторические приемы,
богатство и глубина
повествования.
В данной статье проводится тщательный анализ
структурных особенностей предложений в романе Теодора
Драйзера "Американская трагедия". Изучаются различные
типы предложений, включая простые, сложные и
сложносочиненные структуры, а также длина предложений
и её влияние на ритм повествования. Особое внимание
уделено использованию активного и пассивного залогов, и
их воздействию на восприятие читателями событий
романа и характеров персонажей. Рассматриваются
повторяющиеся структуры предложений и стилистические
решения, поддерживающие ключевые темы и мотивы
произведения. Анализ позволяет читателям глубже понять
мастерство Драйзера в создании насыщенной и
многогранной текстовой ткани романа, что способствует
более глубокому погружению в сюжет и эмоциональное
восприятие его персонажей.
In
“
An American Tragedy
”
by Theodore Dreiser, the use of transitive verbs
contributes to the complex and detailed narrative. The structural patterns of sentences
with transitive verbs in the novel often involve a subject acting on a direct object,
reflecting the characters
’
motivations, actions, and relationships. In Theodore Dreiser
’
s
novel “An American Tragedy”, various types of sentences are used to convey the
narrative and explore the themes of the story.
For example, consider the following sentence from the novel:
“He wanted to impress her with his knowledge of literature”.
In this sentence, the subject “He” acts “wanted” on the direct object “her”,
showcasing the character
’
s desire to impress someone through his knowledge of
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
369
literature. This structural pattern emphasizes the character
’
s intentions and drives the
plot forward. Throughout “An American Tragedy”, Dreiser utilizes transitive verbs to
create nuanced descriptions of characters
’
thoughts, feelings, and interactions. By
examining the structural patterns of sentences with transitive verbs in the novel, readers
can gain insight into the complexities of human relationships and the consequences of
characters
’
actions. In “An American Tragedy” by Theodore Dreiser, various types of
sentences are used to convey the complex themes, character motivations, and plot
developments. Some of the types of sentences commonly found in the novel include:
1. Simple sentence: These consist of a single independent clause with a subject and
a predicate. They are
straightforward to understand. For example: “He walked to the
edge of the lake” or “Dusk –
of a summer night”
[1].
2. Compound sentence: These contain two or more independent clauses joined by
coordinating conjunctions like “and”, “but”, or “or”. For example: “He wanted to swim, but
the water looked too cold.
”
Here is an example of a compound sentence from Theodore
Dreiser
’s “An American Tragedy”:
“Clyde felt a surge of excitement as he approached the grand estate, and he
couldn
’t help but marvel at the opulence and beauty of the surroundings”
[2].
In this sentence, there are two independent clauses (“Clyde felt a surge of
excitement as he approached the grand estate” and “he couldn’
t help but marvel at the
opulence and beauty of the surroundings”) connected by the coordinating conjunction
“and,” making it a compound sentence.
3. Complex Sentences: These include an independent clause and one or more
dependent clauses. Dependent clauses cannot stand alone as complete sentences.
For example: “Although he was tired, he decided to keep walking”. These sentences
consist of independent clauses joined together by coordinating or subordinating
conjunctions. They are used to convey relationships between ideas, events, or characters
in a more nuanced and interconnected way.
“Crossing at right angles the great thoroughfare on which they walked, was a
second canyon-like way, threaded by throngs and vehicles and various lines of cars which
clanged their bells and made such progress as they might amid swiftly moving streams of
traffic”
[3].
This type of sentence can be classified as a complex sentence. A complex sentence
consists of an independent clause (a complete sentence that can stand alone) and one or
more dependent clauses (incomplete sentences that rely on the independent clause to
make sense). In this sentence, the independent clause is “was a second canyon
-
like way”,
while the dependent clause “Crossing at right angles the great thoroughfare on which
they walked” provides additional information about the location and context of the main
clause. The dependent clause is introduced by the participle “Crossing” and includes
descriptive details that enhance the reader
’
s understanding of the scene.
4. Compound-complex sentence
“He was not only a good
-looking young man, but he was also intelligent and
ambitious, so when he saw the opportunity to advance in his career by taking on more
responsibilities at work, he eagerly accepted the challenge, even though it meant
sacrificing some of his free time”
[4].
In this sentence, there are multiple independent clauses (“He was not only a good
-
looking young man”, but “he was also intelligent and ambitious”, “he eagerly accepted the
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
370
challenge”) connected by coordinating conjunctions (“but”, “and”), making it a compound
sentence. Additionally, there is a dependent clause (“when he saw the opportunity to
advance in his career by taking on more responsibilities at work”) that adds further
information and complexity to the sentence, making it compound-complex.
Confusion. Aspiration. Hours of burning and yearning. For indeed he was not only
puzzled but irritated by the anomalous and paradoxical contrasts which his life here
presented
–
loneliness and wistfulness as against the fact that it was being generally
assumed by such as knew him that he was rather pleasantly and interestingly employed
socially. In Theodore Dreiser
’s novel “An American Tragedy”, various types of sentences
are used to convey the narrative and explore the themes of the story. Here are some
common types of sentences that you may find in the novel:
5. Dialogue: The novel likely includes dialogue, which consists of sentences spoken
by characters. Dialogue can vary in length and structure based on the characters
’
personalities and the context of the conversation.
6. Descriptive Sentences: These sentences provide vivid descriptions of characters,
settings, emotions, and events in the novel. They help create a rich visual and emotional
experience for the reader.
7. Narrative Sentences: These sentences move the plot forward by narrating
events, actions, and character developments in the story.
By examining the different types of sentences used in “An American Tragedy”, you
can gain insights into Dreiser
’
s writing style, narrative techniques, and how he constructs
his storytelling. Reading specific passages or excerpts from the novel can help you
identify and analyze these sentence structures in more detail. By utilizing a variety of
sentence types, Dreiser effectively captures the intricacies of human behavior, moral
dilemmas, and societal pressures in “An American Tragedy”. The diverse sentence
structures contribute to the richness and depth of the novel
’
s narrative, engaging readers
and immersing them in the complexities of the characters
’
lives.
“An American Tragedy” by Theodore Dreiser is a classic novel that explores
themes of ambition, love, and the pursuit of the American Dream. In terms of analyzing
the structural patterns of sentences with transitive verbs in this novel, we can focus on
understanding the syntax and grammar employed by Dreiser.
Transitive verbs are verbs that require a direct object to complete their meaning.
They express an action that is done to someone or something. Analyzing the structural
patterns of sentences with transitive verbs involves examining the relationship between
the subject, verb, and object within these sentences.
When analyzing transitive verbs in “The American Tragedy”, you can consider the
following aspects:
1. Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure: Look for sentences where the subject
performs the action denoted by the transitive verb on the direct object. For example, in
the sentence “Clyde killed Roberta”, “Clyde” is the subject, “killed” is the transitive verb,
and “Roberta” is the direct object.
2. Verb tense and form: Pay attention to the tense and form of the transitive verbs
used. This can provide insights into the timeline of events and the characters
’
actions. For
instance, variations like past tense (“killed”), present tense (“kills”), or progressive forms
(“is killing”) might be used.
3. Passive voice: Notice if any transitive verbs are used in the passive voice, where
the subject receives the action rather than performing it. This can indicate a shift in focus
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
371
or emphasize the object. For example, “Roberta was killed by Clyde” uses a passive
construction.
4. Adverbial modifiers: Identify any adverbs or adverbial phrases that modify the
transitive verbs. These modifiers provide additional information about how, when, or
where the action occurred. They can help create a more vivid picture of the events in the
story.
By examining these structural patterns, you can gain a deeper understanding of
how Dreiser constructs sentences
with transitive verbs in “The American Tragedy”.
This analysis can shed light on character motivations, plot developments, and thematic
elements within the novel.
REFERENCES:
1.
Theodore Dreiser. An American Tragedy.
–
New York: Signed classic, 2000. p 10.
2.
Theodore Dreiser. An American Tragedy.
–
New York: Signed classic, 2000. p 462.
3.
Theodore Dreiser. An American Tragedy.
–
New York: Signed classic, 2000. p 10.
4.
Theodore Dreiser. An American Tragedy.
–
New York: Signed classic, 2000. p 211.
