https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 4, 2025
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TOURISM AND ITS LEGAL BASIS IN THE TEMURID PERIOD
Muzaffarov N.B.
Teacher at the University of Economics and Pedagogy
Abstract:
This article reflects information on the tourism sector during the reign of
Amir Temur and the Temurids and information on state reforms in the
development of tourism.
Keywords:
Tourism, Temur regulations, dynasty, statehood, historical monument.
The place of the emergence of the concept of tourism in the history of our
statehood covers a very large historical period. Although the concept was not
specifically called tourism during this period, we can see from historical sources
that it has never lost its importance. As proof of this: We can take the era of Timur
and the Timurids, which is of great importance in the history of our statehood, as
an example. Amir Timur (1336-1405) is considered the founder of a huge
centralized historical state and its dynastic dynasty. As a result of several years of
military campaigns, he formed one of the most powerful states of his time. We can
also see that tourism (tourism) developed rapidly during this period. The main
factor in this is the fact that the borders of Amir Timur's vast state extended to
three continents, as well as the security of the territories at the level of a single
state, as can be seen in works covered in historical sources. In the summer of 1402,
Amir Temur sent letters to France and England through special envoys to the kings
Charles and Henry. This letter stated that "....we will ensure the inviolability of
your citizens and we will be pleased if they freely enter our territories and develop
relations." This, in turn, served as the legal basis provided by the state for the
development of tourist relations from Europe to our territory and the tourism of its
time. Also, the work "Temur's Statutes", which served as the legal basis of its time
in the Timurid state, legally regulated the relations of this period. In this historical
and legal source, Amir Temur instructed his successors and responsible officials to
establish mutual relations between states and the freedom and inviolability of the
population of both sides, to develop free movement in cities, trade and cultural
relations. His successor, Mironshah Mirzo (1366-1408), also followed in his
father's footsteps and did great work in ensuring mutual relations and free tourism.
During the same period, we can see that in the diplomatic relations of Amir Temur
with King Henry of England, the governor of the western provinces, Mironshah,
also actively participated in issues related to the field of tourism.
Also, as the governor of the possessions that included Western Iran, Iraq,
Azerbaijan, and Armenia, Mironshah attracted the attention of Western European
rulers during the old age of Amir Temur. During this period, he expressed goodwill
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volume 4, issue 4, 2025
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to European countries in order to ensure mutual trade and tourism with European
countries, and free movement of citizens of the two countries, and took measures
to ensure the immunity of merchants. For this reason, Mironshah quickly gained
fame in the West. This will certainly have a significant impact on the further
development of embassy and tourism relations from Europe.
In this regard, the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara are of particular importance.
We can also see the development of tourism in the Timurid state in the huge urban
planning and historical monuments, the great architectural works and the efforts to
build them, the establishment of contacts with different countries and the practical
work they did within the framework of mutual cooperation. We should recognize
the cities of Transoxiana, Samarkand, Bukhara, Tashkent, Shahrukhiya, Termez,
Shahrisabz, Karshi and many other cities that showed their strength again during
this period and turned into tourist cities of their time. In particular, in Samarkand, a
huge stone tablet was installed to place the Quran in the Bibikhanim mosque, a
jade tombstone in Gori Amir, and the saganas in Shahkhizin and other places were
given intricate patterns, and carved verses, marches and historical records were
written. Also, during this period, many memorial monuments and examples of
craftsmanship in Bukhara occupy a special place. Such great creative works are a
clear example of the fact that our ancient cities are a great tourist and tourism
center not only in European countries, but also in the entire East. Amir Temur not
only developed Transoxiana and Turkestan, but also rebuilt the cities of the
conquered countries. The cities of Baghdad, Darband and Baylakon are among
them.
In conclusion, during the Timurid era, not only Bukhara, but also all the cities of
Transoxiana became a great tourist center, and we can see that our cities
Samarkand were glorified as the “Beauty of the World”, and Bukhara as the
“Dome of Islam”.
In general, our ancient cities have historically been considered not only the tourist
and cultural center of the world, but also this will never lose its significance.
Because even today, the attention paid to the tourism sector by our head of state
and the adopted regulatory legal documents serve as the main criterion for the
further development of Uzbekistan's potential in the tourism sector. Therefore,
representatives of the nation, which has such sacred places, historical monuments,
artifacts and antiques in its homeland, should not be deprived of such a great and
rich scientific and cultural heritage and its preservation, and the proud task of
showing it to the countries of the world. In this regard, not only state bodies, but
also all representatives of our people should always live with gratitude for such
pride, for living in a heavenly land. We, researchers, scientists, representatives of
our great history and great ancestors, must carefully preserve the invaluable
heritage left by them, and by passing it on to future generations, we must show our
high respect for the souls of our great ancestors.
References
1. "Temur's Regulations" Tashkent 1997.
2. National Archive "Diplomatic Relations" 3. Sh. Uljayeva "Amir Temur's
