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METHODS OF TRANSLATING THE PHRASE "CARESS" IN LITERARY
TRANSLATION
Khodjayeva Shoira Rustamovna
Researcher, Tashkent State University of Uzbek
Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi
Scientific supervisor: DSc, professor
Samigova Khushnuda Batirovna
Abstract:
This article analyzes the methods of translating affectionate expressions in literary
translation. Affectionate expressions are an important linguistic unit that expresses the cultural
and emotional layer of the language, and sensitive problems arise for the translator when
translating them into another language. The article considers how affectionate expressions can be
translated using various methods, preserving their artistic significance and semantic stability.
Also, based on various examples, contextual and effective translation methods of affectionate
expressions are analyzed.
Keywords:
Literary translation, affectionate expressions, translation methods, linguistic units,
culture, emotional expression, semantic stability, context.
Introduction:
The art of translation is not just the art of transferring words into a language, but
also the art of recreating the artistic and cultural essence of the original text in the context of
another language and culture. In literary translation, it is especially important to accurately and
effectively translate the subtleties of linguistic devices, including expressions with emotional and
cultural connotations, such as endearment expressions. Endearment expressions express subtle
and specific aspects of language - such as feelings of affection, closeness, sincerity. Translating
them word for word often leads to a loss of meaning and artistic power. Therefore, when
translating endearment expressions, context, cultural image and language specificity should be
taken into account. This article examines effective methods and approaches for translating
endearment expressions in literary translation and analyzes their advantages and limitations
using practical examples.
Kh.Samigova emphasizes that affectionate expressions are an integral part of the cultural context,
affectionate expressions are not only a linguistic element of the language, but also its cultural and
emotional layer. Therefore, it is very important to have a deep understanding of the cultural
context when translating them in literary translation.
According to her, affectionate expressions play an important role in creating the overall artistic
image of the work and expressing the relationships between the characters. The translator should
try to preserve their artistic, aesthetic and emotional characteristics.
Kh.Samigova emphasizes the importance of choosing methods appropriate for each situation
when translating affectionate expressions. Methods such as word-for-word translation,
paraphrase, and finding a cultural equivalent help to improve the quality of the translation.
Emphasizing that translation is not just a lexical transfer, but a creative process, Kh.Samigova
states that the translator's creativity and cultural knowledge are necessary for the effective
expression of affectionate expressions in literary translation.
Main part:
Endearing expressions are linguistic units that express the subtle, emotional, and
cultural layer of the language, and are mainly used to express feelings such as love, closeness,
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and sincerity. In literary texts, they are used to further enliven images, more accurately convey
the mental state of the characters, and evoke warm feelings in the reader. For example, in the
Uzbek language, endearing words such as “jonim”, “dilbandim”, and “quvonchim” show the
mutual relations of the characters as sincere and close. In literary translation, it is of great
importance to express endearing expressions correctly and in sufficient content, because they
form the artistic aesthetics and emotional impact of the work. There are several main difficulties
in translating endearing expressions:
Differences in cultural context: Each language has its own endearing expressions, which are
related to cultural traditions and customs. Therefore, a literal translation often does not leave the
right impression on the reader.
Semantic difference: The meaning of endearment expressions is often broad and context-
dependent, and when translated into another language, they can become short and harsh.
Loss of artistic expression: Endearment expressions are an important element of a literary text
with their elegance, tone and rhythm. The loss of these elements in translation reduces the
overall impact of the work.
Several methods are used to transfer endearment expressions in translation. They can be
classified as follows:
In this method, the exact equivalent of the endearment expression or word is searched for and
translated. For example, the Uzbek word “jonim” can be translated into English as “my dear” or
“my darling”. However, this method does not always work, because in each language
endearment expressions have their own form of expression.
Sometimes, because a term of endearment does not have a literal equivalent in another language,
the translator will paraphrase it in context. For example, the word “jonim” can be paraphrased in
English as “my treasure” or “my beloved.” This method helps to preserve the artistic expression,
but may be a bit longer.
Sometimes, a similar cultural or emotional equivalent in another language is chosen for the term
of endearment. For example, the Russian word “солнышко” (sun) can be replaced with an
endearment term such as “quyoshim” in Uzbek or “sweetheart” in English. This method gives
the text a naturalness and cultural relevance.
If the translation of the term of endearment is not intelligible to the general meaning of the text
or to the reader, the translator is sometimes forced to remove it or replace it with a simpler word.
This method can reduce the artistic impact, so it is best used as a last resort.
Below are some examples of how to translate Uzbek endearment phrases into English:
Uzbek: “Jonim, sen menga juda qadrli.”
English: “My dear, you are very precious to me.” (literal and cultural equivalent)
Uzbek: “Qalbingdagi g‘anim, senga ishonaman.”
English: “My treasure in your heart, I trust you.” (paraphrase)
Uzbek: “Sening mehring meni quvontiradi.”
English: “Your love brings me joy.” (simplification)
As can be seen from the examples, the translator uses various methods appropriately to preserve
the artistic and emotional layer of the text.
Recommendations for the effective transfer of endearment phrases in the translation process
Study the context thoroughly and determine the psychological state of the characters.
Take into account the cultural context in the translation, adding comments if necessary.
Combining different methods, especially the harmonious use of literal and paraphrase.
Harmonizing linguistic and cultural features to provide the reader with a natural and sincere
translation.
Conclusion:
In the field of literary translation, endearment expressions are of great importance
as an important linguistic and cultural phenomenon. They not only reveal the emotional layer of
the language, but also further enliven the relationships between the characters, and evoke warm
and sincere feelings in the reader. Therefore, in addition to the literal approach, translating
endearment expressions requires a deep understanding of the cultural and artistic context.
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The article shows that the main methods of translating endearment expressions - literal
translation, paraphrase, finding a cultural equivalent and simplification - each have their own
advantages and limitations. The translator's task is to choose the most appropriate approach,
while maximally preserving the artistic aesthetics and meaning of the text. Therefore, it is
necessary to take into account the uniqueness of endearment expressions, their cultural context
and emotional load in translation. In conclusion, in order to effectively and accurately translate
endearment expressions in literary translation, the translator must have high cultural knowledge
and language skills, as well as apply a creative approach to the translation process. In the future,
more in-depth scientific research on endearment expressions and their translation, as well as the
development of new methods and approaches, will serve to further improve the quality of literary
translation.
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